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基于“三一语法”理论的汉语有标假设复句教学研究 (A study on teaching the marked hypothetical complex sentences in Chinese based on the "three-one grammar" theory)
No full text随着汉语国际影响力的提升，国际中文教育的学科地位也愈发重要起来。汉语二语教学中，有标假设复句的教学既是重点也是难点。本文对汉语有标假设复句展开研究，基于“三一语法”理论和语料库数据，分析典型有标假设复句“如果……，就……”“即使……，也……”的形式结构、功能作用和典型语境三个维度的特点，以及该句式常见的偏误类型和原因，并基于以上结论对两类典型有标假设复句的教学设计展开论述。研究为“三一语法”在国际中文教育的教学应用上提供理论依据，实践上为教师提供教学策略、为教材编写提供参考。本研究仍存在不足之处，未来可深入研究“三一语法”在其他语法点的应用，并创新教学方法
Ultralow-peroxymonosulfate-initiated dissolved oxygen activation for micropollutant decomposition by an asymmetric single-site metal (Fe-N2O1S1) catalyst
No full textA novel Fe-N2O1S1 single-atom catalyst (FeSA-NS-Ti3C2Tx) was developed for dual activation of ultra-low concentration peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment. The catalyst was synthesized via a multivariate heteroatom doping strategy using transition metal salt solution and thiourea on Ti3C2Tx. Under 0.1 mM PMS, the FeSA-NS-Ti3C2Tx achieved 100 % acetaminophen (20 μM) removal within 6 min, with a Kcmp of 889.77 min−1 g−2 L2 and a turnover frequency over two orders of magnitude higher than homogeneous Fe2+/Fe3+ and iron oxides. Mechanistic analysis and theoretical calculations showed that the asymmetric Fe-N2O1S1 site optimizes the generation of ·O2− and 1O2, efficiently removing ACE through deacetylation and electrophilic attack on the benzene ring. In the long-term tests, the iron leaching of the high-density catalytic bed is negligible, ensuring environmental safety. This study highlights a cost-effective and scalable strategy to advance PMS-based advanced oxidation technologies in wastewater treatment
新加坡初级小学华文教材本土化词汇研究 —— 以1930 至1970 年代华文教科书为例 (A study on the localization of vocabulary in Singapore's lower primary Chinese textbooks: Focusing on Chinese textbooks from the 1930's to the 1970's)
No full text在新加坡华文教育的发展历程中，教材的本土化程度不仅反映了当地社会文化的发展，也折射出华文教育政策的变迁。20 世纪上半叶，新加坡华校主要沿用中华民国的课程标准，教材多为进口版本，本土化程度较低。然而，随着 1950 年代以后新加坡教育政策的调整，华文教材越来越重视融入本地元素，以适应社会需求和学生的生活经验。本研究以1930 至1970 年代新加坡华文教科书为研究对象，探讨其本土化词汇的分布与演变趋势。研究基于词汇的语义特征，将本土化词汇分为“自然类”和“社会类”两大类别，并进一步分析各类别内部的构成比例及分布特点。研究发现，该时期的本土化词汇成波动上升趋势。其中，自然类词汇在教材中的占比最高，其内部的地理类词汇占据主导地位，反映了早期教材在编写过程中倾向于通过自然地理类词汇来达到本土化要求。此外，社会类词汇的比例在不同时期有所波动，70 年代的教材更注重选择与社会文化相关的本土词汇。总体而言，新加坡华文教材的本土化进程体现了教材内容与本地社会发展的互动关系。本研究通过量化分析，揭示了上世纪新加坡华文教材在本土化进程中的所做的尝试和努力，为上世纪华文教材研究提供实证支持，同时也为当代华文教材的编写与优化提供了重要的参考
Exploring undergraduate students’ computational thinking skills across engineering design processes
No full textStudents with strong Computational Thinking (CT) skills possess a unique ability to analyze problems, devise efficient solutions, and navigate the intricacies of a rapidly evolving digital landscape. Given the conceptual overlapping between CT skills and engineering design competencies, engineering design processes provide students with a context for applying and developing CT skills. However, how to promote students to develop CT skills through pedagogical design in engineering education needs further research, especially in the formal higher education context. To address this gap, we constructed a model and designed a course that supports students in applying CT (i.e., decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, algorithm design, and troubleshooting/debugging) skills during multiple engineering design iterations. We collected 13 group design reports from 62 undergraduate students regarding their efforts in designing and solving mazes over three design iterations by applying CT skills. Using mixed methods, we examined what and how CT skills were demonstrated in the group reports, and what changes groups made between design iterations and why. We found that the participants demonstrated five CT skills with differing frequencies and needed more support in troubleshooting. When making changes between design iterations, groups mainly considered enabling users to apply CT skills, avoiding hard coding, adjusting the complexity of the mazes, considering design constraints to meet engineering design requirements, and enhancing user experience. The findings underscore the pressing need to equip students with the ability to navigate and resolve intricacies, particularly in troubleshooting, and groups' abilities to consider various elements when making engineering design decisions.Accepted versio
汉语二语学习者网络交际研究——基于语料库的话语分析 (A study on online communication of Chinese second language learners: A corpus-based discourse analysis)
No full text本研究通过收集“HelloTalk”应用平台上汉语二语学习者产生的汉语网络交际文本语料（包括句子及篇章），构建汉语二语学习者网络交际语料库。基于语料库与话语分析方法，研究聚焦于汉语二语学习者的网络交际能力、网络交际语言特点及其影响因素，旨在加深对二语学习者在网络环境下使用汉语进行交际时的语言特征的理解。本研究一方面依托自建的网络交际语料库，探讨汉语二语学习者在网络交际中普遍面临的困难，并系统分析其交际能力及语言使用特征。另一方面，本研究丰富了汉语二语习得领域在网络交际方面的研究内容。通过语料库的话语分析方法，收集并分析社交平台上大量具有即时性、互动性和交际性的语料，不仅提升了数据与结论的可信度，还克服了传统语言学研究中对语篇社会属性关注不足的局限性，从而确保研究结果的广度与深度。还为汉语二语学习者在网络环境下的语言运用和交际模式研究提供了新的视角和方法，进一步补充和完善现有的二语习得理论体系，有助于学界更全面地理解汉语二语学习者在不同交际场景下的语言发展规律
An exploration of the native speaker construct through the narratives of two Singapore English language teachers
No full textThe native speaker construct (or native-nonnative speaker dichotomy), especially surrounding the English language, is a pervasive ideology that has earned considerable scholarly attention in the realm of sociolinguistics research spanning several decades. This notion represents several untruths, encourages exclusivity, and others other variants of English not accepted as the so-called ‘standard’. Singapore English is one such variety othered by the native speaker construct (Davies, 2003). Singapore is a multicultural society that emphasizes ‘mother tongue’ over the ‘native speaker’ as the country’s language policies are constructed around the languages of major ethnic groups present in the Singaporean demographic. Though the language of administration and officiation has been English for many years, it has yet to be afforded the status of mother tongue. Singaporeans are also statistically highly proficient users of English, leading scholars to argue for English to be officially instated as a mother tongue in Singapore (Wee, 2002, 2013; Tan, 2014) to better suit the growing needs of the nation. This dissertation aims to understand through the lenses of two Singapore English teachers, if they consider themselves native speakers of the English language and the role it plays in their lives. This paper does this by adapting Tan’s (2014) four conditions for a language to be considered a mother tongue – language inheritance, language expertise, language function, and language identification - to answer the research questions of 1) What role does English play in the participants’ linguistic repertoire? What does it mean to be a speaker of English in the Singapore context from the perspective of the participants? 2) Do the participants consider themselves native speakers of English? If yes, why? If no, why? 3) Based on the narratives, how can the concept of a native speaker be reconceptualized in Singapore in a globalization era?Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data, and a narrative inquiry method was employed for the analysis of the narratives obtained during the interview sessions. Open and In Vivo coding were used to organize data into categories for reconstruction of the participants’ narratives into comprehensible stories. This dissertation finds that both of the participants fulfill the conditions for English to be considered their mother tongue but lack the confidence in calling themselves native speakers due to linguistic insecurity, even though English plays an integral role, both personal and functional, in their lives. A reconfiguration of the ‘native speaker’ is suggested so that it allows for multilingual speakers in a globalizing world to be considered native speakers of multiple languages, including English
A ladder-type organic molecule with pseudocapacitive properties enabling superior electrochemical desalination
No full textThe availability of clean water is fundamental for maintaining sustainable environments and human ecosystems. Capacitive deionization offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient solution to meet the rising demand for clean water. Electrode materials based on pseudocapacitive adsorption have attracted significant attention in capacitive deionization due to their relatively high desalination capacity. In this study, a novel organic compound, PTQN, is introduced, featuring a ladder-type structure enriched with imine-based active sites, specifically designed for capacitive deionization. This advanced molecular design imparts the PTQN compound with exceptional pseudocapacitive properties, enhanced electron delocalization, and superior structural stability, which are supported by both experimental results and theoretical analyses. As an electrode, PTQN exhibits a high pseudocapacitive capacitance of 238.26 F g−1 and demonstrates excellent long-term stability, retaining approximately 100 percent of its capacitance after 5000 cycles in NaCl solution. The involvement of PTQN active sites in the Na+ electrosorption process was further elucidated using theoretical calculations and ex situ characterization. Moreover, a hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) device employing the PTQN electrode exhibited an impressive salt removal capacity of 61.55 mg g−1, a rapid average removal rate of 2.05 mg g−1 min−1, and consistent regeneration performance (∼97.04 percent after 50 cycles), demonstrating its potential for capacitive deionization systems. Furthermore, the PTQN electrode displayed superior removal efficiency for tetracycline. This work contributes to the rational design of organic materials for the development of advanced electrochemical desalination systems.Accepted versionRP 1/22 EAHRP 5/23 EAHRI 1/21 EAHRI 3/23 EA
Grandparents’ and domestic helpers’ childcare support: Implications for well‐being in Asian families
No full textThe open access publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13010Objective To investigate whether childcare support from grandparents and domestic helpers is associated with family well-being in Singapore, with a focus on parent and child psychological well-being as well as the quality of interactions and relationships within the family.Background Research on the implications of childcare support from maternal grandparents, paternal grandparents, and domestic helpers for family well-being remains a gap in the literature. This involvement could enhance family well-being through instrumental assistance and emotional encouragement in childcare. However, it could also create a negative emotional climate for families if the relationship of the mother with the grandparents or domestic helper is marked by conflict.Method This study used questionnaire data from 615 mother–child dyads from the birth cohort, Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes. The exposure variable was children's caregiving arrangements assessed at child ages 4.5 and 6 years, and the outcome variables were maternal well-being, maternal parenting, and family functioning measured at concurrent assessments, and child well-being assessed at age 10 years.Results Childcare support from maternal grandparents, but not from paternal grandparents or domestic helpers, showed concurrent associations with warmer parenting by mothers at child ages 4.5 and 6 years. Early childcare support from domestic helpers at child age 6 years predicted higher depressive symptoms in children at age 10 years.Conclusion Our findings suggest that childcare support from maternal grandparents, who are most likely to share a close bond and value system with mothers, could be most beneficial for families in Singapore
An investigation on Singapore PE teachers’ knowledge and practice about teaching and learning from an ecological dynamics perspective
No full textPedagogical approaches such as Nonlinear Pedagogy (NLP), under-pinned by Ecological Dynamics, create a learning environment that encourages exploration and adaptation. However, little is known about how PE teachers perceive their understanding of Nonlinear Pedagogy (NLP). In this study, empirical work was undertaken to examine 200 Primary and Secondary School level Singapore PE teachers’ perception of their understanding and enactment of NLP, focusing on the “What”, “Why” and “How” of NLP. A multimethods approach, using quantitative survey data and qualitative open-ended survey questions revealed that teachers perceive themselves to possess substantial knowledge (“What”) about the exploratory role associated with NLP, with a lesser understanding of the role of task simplification. With regards to the “Why” of NLP, the study underscores teachers’ recognition of how multiple movement solutions can achieve the same outcome and the role of representative learning environments. However, concepts related to task simplification and empirical evidence appear to be less familiar to PE teachers. About the “How” of NLP, PE teachers indicated that constraints manipulation is something they can enact but are less familiar with how to support the acquisition of individualised movement solutions. The teachers also requested professional development programmes to transform their pedagogical practices.OER 16/21 CJ
Enabling highly concentrated tetracycline degradation with tailored FeCo nanocrystals in porous graphitic carbon fiber
No full textEliminating highly concentrated antibiotic wastewater by transition metal catalyst-assisted AOPs is challenging. Herein, by varying the metal precursor composition (Co/Fe ratios of 1/1, 1.5/2/3), alloyed Co7Fe3 nanocrystals or spinel-like CoFe2O4 can be switched and both confined within the porous N-doped graphitic carbon fibers by electrospinning and controlled graphitization. Impressively, iron precursors played a dual role in working as reactive centers and main activators for the creation of porous carbon networks affording improved accessibility to catalytic sites and easy tetracycline (TC) diffusion effect. The catalytic activity of the resulting materials was closely related to surface metal valence and composition. Notably, the CoFe2O4 exhibited a significant improvement in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) adsorption and activation, explained by the present electron-deficient Co and Fe synergetic sites together with the interesting Jahn–Teller effect. Fe1Co2/CNF demonstrated the highest efficiency in degrading TC, achieving a reaction rate constant of 0.4647 min−1 with a low activation energy of 9.3 kJ·mol−1, nearly a 7.5-fold enhancement compared to Fe1Co3/CNF (0.062 min−1). The reaction mechanism and the role of reactive oxidative species revealed a synergy of ·SO4−, ·OH, ·O2− and 1O2. Wherein, ·O2− plays a more dominant role in the degradation of TC than other reactive species. Additionally, a reinforced electron-transfer pathway in the Fe1Co2/CNF system during PMS interaction was demonstrated. Furthermore, the degradation routes of TC were unraveled, and the toxicity of various intermediate by-products was assessed. Importantly, our continuous flow-type TC degradation process and light-driven photothermal strengthened reaction process demonstrated consistent performance, thereby offering a promising approach for tackling highly concentrated antibiotic wastewater.Accepted versio