Open Science Journal (OSJ)
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Irregular Antibodies Identified Previously In Blood Transfusions: A Review Of The 21st Century
Get PDFIntroduction: In the blood transfusion patients may be exposed or are stimulated to produce red cell antibodies that cause immediate and delayed transfusion reactions. Antibodies that agglutinate the red blood cells are called signifiers. Already insignificant antibodies that agglutinate red blood cells "in vitro", and which do not promote changes in the body can be sub-categorized into Rh and Kell system, MNSs, Lewis, Duffy and Kidd. Objectives: Identify the types of irregular antibodies. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through a wide reading-based research papers published from 2000 to 2014 available on the websites: Scielo - Scientific Electronic Library Online, LILLACS - Latin American and Caribbean Sciences WWII Health and PubMed - US National Library of Medicine and BIREME - Regional Library of Medicine. Inclusion criteria were: articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish and exclusion criteria: review articles that do not directly addressed the issue of irregular antibodies and blood transfusion. Results and Discussion: We identified 51 articles on alternate sites: 43 in Scielo, 02 in BIREME, 01 in LILLACS and 05 found in PubMed. Only 22 articles met the inclusion criteria proposed for the study and were distributed in several categories: descriptive, quantitative and qualitative research. Conclusion: Common antibodies are Rh and Kell system. Erythrocyte sensitizations occur to each unit of transfused red blood cells. Therefore, phenotyping and genotyping for Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd and MNSs antibodies to patients undergoing blood transfusion is recommended for safe and quality therapy
Diagnostic and prognostic value of cancer stem cell marker CD44 and soluble CD44 in the peripheral Blood of patients with oral Squamous cell carcinoma
Get PDFBackgroundHead and neck cancer is a major health problem. Recent studies on the pathobiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have led to the discovery of a small population of cancer cells with a consistent behavior with the features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are required and responsible for initiation, maintenance and recurrence of disease. Molecular markers are commonly used for the identification of CSCs. CD44 is the most reported CSC marker in OSCC.The aim of the study was to evaluate and correlate the expression of CD44 in different histopathological grades of OSCC, as well as to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of soluble CD44 (CD44sol) in peripheral blood of patients.Materials and methodsFifteen patients with OSCC were included; biopsies were histologically evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin. Serial sections were immunohistochemically stained by monoclonal antibody to CD44. The intensity of immunostaining of CD44 was calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to determine the concentration of CD44sol in the blood serum.ResultsAll grades of OSCC showed membranous immunosignaling of CD44. The well, moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC cases showed weak, moderate and intense positive membranous immunosignaling of CD44 respectively.CD44sol levels were significantly higher in OSCC patients than they were in control groups. Soluble CD44 serum levels were significantly higher in poorly differentiated than they were in moderately and well differentiated.ConclusionCSCs detection in fixed human tissue and CD44sol detection in peripheral blood using ELISA seemed to be a promising method and may have a diagnostic and prognostic value in management of OSCC
Transport chain choice modelling in freight transport demand models
Get PDFModelling (intermodal) transport chains is of major relevance in order to support public sector decision-making regarding transport planning and policy measures assessment. However, the systematic and comprehensive analysis of freight transport models shows that only few existing models integrate transport chain choice in their modelling framework. These models, furthermore, differ in consideration of relevant aspects – such as actors, processes, transport market interactions or shipment and system related characteristics. The analysis reveals that there are several gaps in integrating transport chains in modelling in today’s modelling approaches and that there is no model that integrates all relevant aspects of transport chain choice properly. Future research and model development should therefore focus on closing the revealed gaps
Effective Leadership Style in Extractive Industry: A Case Study of Emerging Companies in Mozambique
Get PDFThis research aimed assessing the effective leadership recommended in Extractive Industries (ExI) in Mozambique considering its rapid growth. Primarily the hypothesis was that new entrants which in the case of ExI will preferably perform beyond expectations when subjected to directing and coaching leadership styles. Additionally, the rapid growth of the industry demands a lesser experienced internal workforce as domestic regulation limit the hiring of external workforce, while demanding high productivity. The situational approach is that leadership adapt his style according to the situation of the follower. Based on the results, it was not possible reject the null hypothesis; however, it was possible to prove that coaching style was positively correlated and statistically significant with motivation and motivation with performance. So indirectly, alternative hypothesis was accepted, thus, the leader’s performance in the proposed environment significantly correlates with coaching style. The interaction plot also shows the tendency of positive performance with increased directing and participating. Delegating style, although performs as other styles in small quantities, when increased, leads to both demotivation and deficient performance. The experienced workforce was demotivated; potentially caused by the mismatch between leadership style and the context of the follower; with leaders lacking supportive style when it was needed. The new entrants’ willingness was high, probably because most are derived from low paid environments while ExI are highly attractive. This willingness however depreciated with time due to poor supportive style
Renal Vein Thrombosis secondary to pyelonephritis: Case presentation
Get PDFThe Renal Vein Thrombosis (RVT) is a rare pathology in adults as compared to children. It is usually present as a complication of other conditions as sepsis, hypercoagulable state, and malignancy. We present a male of age of 36 years, who suffered from RVT following pyelonephritis. Following all investigations, including blood tests, Computed Tomography (CT) of abdomen and CT angiogram, the concluding diagnosis of left RVT was made. Subsequent to confirmation of diagnosis, he was commenced an anticoagulation therapy with the low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin. Consequently, the patient was discharged home with regular follow-ups on an outpatient basis with PT/INR checks. After 3 months, a control CT renal angiogram was performed, which revealed complete resolution of the Left RVT. In conclusion of this patient case, it can be stated that RVT is a rare condition which can have a good outcome with early diagnosis and subsequent appropriate anticoagulant therapy. In a view of this case, the review of the topic was made
Variation in Adaptive Traits of an Endemic Meconopsis napaulensis DC. along an Elevation Gradient in Alpine Himalaya, Central Nepal
Get PDFUnderstanding the pattern of variation in adaptive traits of rare and endemic species along environmental gradient can suggest important implications for developing optimal strategies for species conservation and sustainable management. In this studywe aimed to study variation in life-history traits of an endemic species M. napaulensis DC. along an elevation gradient in Langtang National Park, Central Nepal covering three populations. Each population was investigated two times (2013 and 2014) covering different seasons. Population sampling was made to read habitat during the peak growing period (during monsoon) except seed output, which was studied during the late growing period (post monsoon). Entire area of each population was extensively surveyed to record all the individuals, including plants in flowering or fruiting and their detailed vegetative characteristics and traits related to population fitness. Analysis of the habitat features showed that M. napaulensis exhibited high habitat specificity. M. napaulensis was restricted to open and rocky habitats of high altitudes. M. napaulensis growing sites had low vegetation cover indicating decreased interspecific competition. M. napaulensis showed high variation in traits due to altitudinal variation, climatic conditions, and disturbances. Specifically, reproductive traits discriminated the populations. M. napaulensis was suffered from human disturbance mainly from livestock grazing, plant harvesting, and garbage pollution as the study area is an important tourist destination and pilgrimage site. Conservation of rare and endemic species such as M. napaulensis requires strong provisions restricting human activities and minimizing the impact of harvesting and grazing; and implementing habitat restoration and population augmentation programs
Siting Consideration for Nuclear Power Plant: A Review
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to study in detail about the site selection process in nuclear power plant (NPP) construction. There are various factors that contribute to the site selection which involves in-depth investigation and detailed evaluation before the site is being finalized and proposed. There are two main objectives in siting of NPP; ensuring the technical and economic feasibility of the plant and minimising potential adverse impacts on the community and environment. Geographical environment also plays an important role in siting of NPP where the source of water should be abundance. Country requirement for siting of NPP would be different for every country where they are controlled by their own regulatory bodies. About 64 published studies (1967-2017) are reviewed in this paper. It is marked from the literature survey articles that siting process is extremely crucial step in constructing NPP where public acceptance is one of the main factors, that need to be considered. Malaysia is one of the new countries embark in nuclear industry that still is in the planning phase to plan and construct its first NPP
Different levels of job satisfaction by educational organization motivators
Get PDFThe aim of this literature review is to recognize the important role of motivators on job satisfaction at educational organizations. The results of this study illustrate that motivators play a considerable role in changing the level of employees’ job satisfaction; additionally, they have influence on employees views and reactions. This study is focused also on job satisfaction as a main factor that improves level of organizational outcomes. Moreover, lack of attention to job satisfaction which is influenced by various motivators can reduce employees well-being as well as management in educational organization. This paper supports employees’ requirements based on different organizational motivators to attain job satisfaction at workplace
Igf2 Gene Expression Levels in Wild-Type and Mutant Mice
Get PDFGenomic imprinting occurs where only one allele of a gene is expressed depending on its parental origin. The imprinted Igf2 gene (Insulin-like growth factor 2) is encoding a growth factor, which play an important role in embryonic development and formation of the placenta. The regulation and expression of Igf2 is carried out by different promoters. Promoter expression is extremely complex in wild-type mice during development and is altered in several mutant mice bearing deletions at the Igf2/H19 locus. In this work, we analyzed the Igf2 RNA expression of the placenta-specific P0 promoter in placental tissue (embryonic day 17) of both wild-type and mutant mice. For all the other promoters, we used RNA extracted from liver tissues (postnatal day 7.5). All these RNAs were reverse transcribed to cDNA before quantifying expression levels of the promoters by quantitative PCR (qPCR).Our results show that transcriptions of Igf2 P2 and P3 promoters are the highest in all mice analyzed, except in ΔU2/Dom mutant mice where P0 and P1 promoters were highly expressed, while they display low expression in all the other mice strains analyzed. Furthermore, all promoters were stably expressed at high levels in wild-type and ΔU2/Dom mutation, but at a low level in Δ3/Do
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice on Contraceptive Use among Women Attending Family Planning Services in Some Health Centers of Muhima District Hospital, Rwanda
Get PDFIntroduction: In developing countries, especially in Africa, reproductive health is a great concern to many stakeholders as maternal mortality and morbidity are very high compared to that in the developed world. Moreover, reproductive health knowledge and access to quality maternal health services in Africa are poor with significant health consequences. Appropriate reproductive health knowledge and attitude can empower women to access quality family planning services (preventive and curative), which are essential for improvement of women’s reproductive health. Objectives: This research aimed to assess reproductive health knowledge, attitude, and practice on contraceptive use among women attending family planning services at Muhima district hospital. Methods and Materials: The study was cross-sectional in nature involving 326 randomly selected respondents among women attending family planning services at Muhima district hospital. The study instrument was a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) statistics software 17.0 version. Hypothesis: Looking at the aforementioned objective, one may wonder if the health education on contraceptive use given by health staff of Muhima district hospital is well done; we may also wonder about reproductive health beliefs and determinants of contraceptive use among women attending the family planning service; and to what extent women in Muhima district hospital have access to health education on contraceptive use. Trying to find an interim response to this question, we have come to realize that the impact of belief in personal and community health practices is strong; but individual beliefs may not be scientifically true and as such, may make one rightly or wrongly access health care. Results: The majority of the respondents knew when pregnancy can occur and believed that having sex even once with a man may result in pregnancy. 90.0% of respondents had knowledge of benefits of family planning. Consideration about personal health (86.0%) and husband’s approval (74.9%) were major determinants of respondents’ use of contraceptives. Conclusions: Though respondents were knowledgeable about the benefits of family planning, there is the need for continuous education of women about reproductive health issues and integration of men’s participation in the family planning program to increase utilization of family planning services at Muhima district hospital.