Agricultural machinery and technologies (E-Journal) / Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии
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Обоснование параметров искусственной почвенной среды для лабораторного исследования изнашивания лезвия
Get PDFТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ УБОРКИ И СРЕДСТВА ОЧИСТКИ СЕМЯН ЛЮЦЕРНЫ
Get PDFFor development of technological bases of harvesting and equipment of cleaning of lucerne seeds it is necessary to take as a basis the agrotechnical requirements imposed to seeds during their harvesting, processing (rub threshing) and cleaning (sorting). lucerne seeds harvesting has to take place in the period of their wax ripeness. When maturing 70-80 percent of seeds in beans and seeds humidity of 60-65 percent plants are mowed in windrows and dried till humidity of 14-15 percent. The humidity of beans when processing (rub threshing) should not exceed 14 percent. The technology with stationary processing of a harvest (heap) providing the minimum losses of seeds is effective and most perspective. The authors offered the modernized technology of seeds cleaning with use the MB-2.5A thresher winnower, the modernized clover huller K-0.5M and the dielectric seed cleaning device. Seeds heap after processing by MB-2.5A consists of the following components: seeds – 35-44 percent, organic inclusions (leaves, stalks, seeds of foreign cultures) – 49-67 percent, mineral inclusions (dust, clay, small stones) – 1-2 percent. The modernized clover huller K-0.5M provides: completeness of rub threshing – 98.5 percent; purity of seeds – 85.7 percent; damage of seeds – 1.8 percent; losses of seeds – 1.4 percent; heap productivity – 0.5-0.6 t/h and losses reduction by 2-2.5 times. Dielectric apparatus separates lucerne seeds from quarantine inclusions with a triboelectric method. The efficiency of seeds cleaning for the first fraction was 53.1 percent, for the second one – 38.5 percent and for the third one – 11.9 percent. The cost of lucerne seeds cleaning decreases by 1.5 times due to the modernized technology
Магнитно-импульсная обработка семян земляники садовой
Get PDFCurrently, there are many techniques, products, technologies, technical means, etc. for targeted impact on seed crops and the environment their development, with the aim of obtaining stable yields. Along with traditional methods to improve productivity there are alternative, such as low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields. The authors give classification of methods of strawberry seeds preparation for sowing and present the results of a laboratory experiment on the irradiation of Zenga Zengana variety seeds. The effect of pulsed low frequency magnetic field on seed germination and growth of strawberry seedlings at different conditions of treatment (frequency, duty cycle and exposure and exposure time) was established experimentally. The data obtained in the experiment are statistically processed. Confidence intervals for mathematical expectations for each experiment were determined. Germination energy of the seeds treated by a pulsed magnetic field was changed from 29 to 47 percent, germination was from 34 to 48 percent. The maximum of the increment of germination of irradiated seeds compared to control sample was 14 percent. The best germination corresponds to the 16 Hz frequency of exposure and 360 seconds exposure time when 5 mT induction. A further increase time and frequency of exposure reduced germination energy by 5 percent. The pulsed electromagnetic fields affect positively the linear dimensions of sprouts. The average root length in the experimental variant (16 Hz, 360 seconds) compared to the control was greater by 24 percent; sprouts height increased by 28.2 percent and weight by 33.3 percent. The pulsed low frequency electromagnetic fields could be put to good use to improve sowing qualities of the garden strawberry seeds
Особенности работы однопроводных электросетей повышенной частоты
Get PDFIncreasing efficiency of power transmission lines is an important factor for providing agricultural objects with electric power. During the development power transmission systems, lines direct current, lines alternating voltage of industrial frequency and lines of alternating voltage high frequency have appeared. The author considers some features of operation power transmission systems over single-wire transmission lines operating at high frequency in range of 5-20 kHz. The system allows to transmit electrical energy on one wire with return through low-conductivity grounds due to the high frequency. To operate a single-wire power transmission system, it is necessary to arrange grounding. A distinctive feature work of grounding at a high frequency is that in addition to conductivity of soil, dielectric permittivity of soil layers also works. This makes it possible to reduce size of switches earthing or to transmit electrical energy through low-conductivity grounds with small losses. Calculations of efficiency of electric energy transfer are given. Efficiency of transmission electric power of 10 kW at a frequency 10 kHz through dry silica can be 96.5 percent. When the frequency is 50 Hz, so efficiency of transmission electric power will tend toward zero. Corrosion damages of the steel electrodes placed in an electrolyte on currents of various frequency were estimated. Effect of high frequency on circuit of grounding switches was studied. If the high frequency equals 2.6 and 100 kHz, so the corrosion of electrodes decreases by 15-20 percent compared to the frequency of 50 Hz, and by 60 times in comparison with a constant current. Therefore as grounding conductors of a single-wire power line it is possible to use not only special electrodes, but also agricultural objects
УСЛОВИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ И МАНЕВРЕННОСТИ МАЛОТОННАЖНОГО АВТОПОЕЗДА ПРИ КРИТИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯХ ДВИЖЕНИЯ
Get PDFКОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ МАШИН НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗЕРНОУБОРОЧНОГО КОМБАЙНА
Get PDFMonitoring of different ways to increase the productivity of agricultural machinery under development of intelligent agricultural production shown that traditional directions of increasing the concentration of energy, sizes of working elements and running speed almost reached their resources capacity. Besides even power of the existing machines is not fully used because of the influence of the human factor. An operator cannot quickly react to constantly changing agricultural background parameters while the machine is in motion. The authors offered to automate the management of the majority of all technological operations using devices that the machinery is supplied with. Research revealed the real opportunity to establish an automated management and regulatory system. If an operator is excluded then it is possible to increase efficiency of a machine from 10 to 50 percent depending on its type. Some recommendations on the structure of the priority of automatic devices were given and the main vision principles of intelligent combine harvesters were formulated. They are based on three underlying factors which include electric drives for working tools involving transmission; automatic equipment systems; computerization of controlling machine and its operation modes
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПАЛЬМОВОГО МАСЛА В КАЧЕСТВЕ ПРИСАДКИ К ТОПЛИВУ ТРАКТОРНЫХ ДИЗЕЛЬНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ
Get PDFWhen environmental requirements for tractor diesels and changes in the price policy of various fuels of oil origin increase, there is a need to use new alternative flammable substancesfor partially or completely replace traditional fuels. Application of vegetable oils as combustible material for diesel engines is most perspective. One of the most competitive fuel is palm oil which world production exceeds many other vegetable oils, including rape. Advantages of palm oil allow to use it as fuel or as diesel fuel additive. The authors onsidered the main physical properties of palm oil for the purpose of assessment of its influence on the fuel equipment and a further possibility of its use in diesel engines. For assessment of characteristics of operation of the tractor diesel engine bench tests with additives of palm oil to diesel fuel were carried out. Experimental studies were carried out on an electric brake stand in tandem with a D-120 diesel engine. If oil additives reach up to 20 percent then combustion and quality of mixing woul change. The maintenance of CH decreases at low and normal loads to 42 percent, and at high ones – up to 17 percent. Concentration of carbon monoxides CO at the same time increases: at low and normal loads – by 37-49 percent, and in a maximum of loadings it increases by 6- 8 times and makes about 65 ppm. The content of nitrogen oxides NOx in exhaust gases at additive of palm oil significantly differs at high loadings and decreases by 21 percent or up to 4550 ppm. Soot emissions decrease in proportion to increase of content of palm oil in fuel: at 10 percentage additive by 20-30 percent and at 20 percent by 35-45 percent
Совершенствование технологии и средств механизации для борьбы с сорной растительностью
Get PDFWeed vegetation in orchards and vineyards is one of the main reasons of low productivity. The applied technologies and weed control means provide decrease in contamination of orchards and vineyards insufficiently effectively that leads to a fruits harvest redice. Therefore it is necessary to improve the available methods and means, to develop new ones and on this basis to create scientifically-grounded complex of measures on weed control. This problem drequires further studies with the aim of developing the prospective technologies and technical means of mechanization for the weed control. Results of researches on mechanization of weed control, ways and means for realization of it are presented in the paper. Taking into account biological features of weeds the design of a flame cultivator for weed control in orchards and vineyards is developed and science-based. This cultivator will allow to reduce the prime cost, significantly increase quality and minimize the negative impact of herbicide use on crops, to improve yields, product quality and resource efficiency. Use of the offered flame cultivator will eliminate hand-weeding and help for more effective weed control in the rows of orchards and vineyards
