Kobe College Institutional Repository / 神戸女学院大学機関リポジトリ
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パメラ・コールマン・スミスとJ. M. バリー ― タロットカード「愚者」をめぐって―
Full text link本稿は、ウェイト＝スミス版タロットの画家パメラ・コールマン・スミスを文化・文学史的に位置づける研究の一環として、J. M. バリーとの関係をタロットカード⚐番「愚者」を通して考察する試みである。
まずは、両者を結ぶ接点として重要なのが、シェイクスピア劇の名女優エレン・テリーであり、20世紀初頭イギリスの文化的ネットワークの中で彼女を媒介とした交流に注目する。その上で、バリーとコールマン・スミスの若年期の喪失体験と、それによって形成された類似した気質や精神的傾向が、それぞれの創作活動にどのような影響を与えたかを明らかにする。特にコールマン・スミスの「愚者」には、作画を監修したオカルティスト、アーサー・エドワード・ウェイトの意向以上に、バリーの影響を読み取ることができる点が重要である。
最終的に、本稿は『ピーター・パン』と「愚者」におけるジェンダー表象とその象徴的意味を分析し、コールマン・スミスが社会規範やジェンダー観に対して込めた解釈を明らかにする。あわせて、バリーとの文化的接点を手がかりに、従来占術的に解釈されてきた「愚者」に新たな意味づけの可能性を提示する。This paper forms part of a broader project that situates Pamela Colman Smith, illustrator of the Waite-Smith tarot deck, within cultural and literary history. It examines her relationship with J. M. Barrie, author of Peter Pan, through the lens of the tarot card “The Fool.”
A key figure linking the two is the celebrated Shakespearean actress Ellen Terry, whose role in early twentieth-century cultural networks created a point of contact between Colman Smith and Barrie. By tracing these connections, the study highlights the overlapping artistic circles in which they moved.
The paper further investigates how formative childhood losses shaped both figures and influenced their creative output. Barrie’s brother’s death and Colman Smith’s early loss of her parents left enduring marks on their personalities and imaginations, producing shared themes of arrested growth and retreat into fantasy. Of particular importance is Colman Smith’s “Fool” card, where Barrie’s influence can be discerned even more strongly than that of Arthur Edward Waite, the occultist who supervised her illustrations of the tarot cards.
Finally, the discussion turns to issues of gender and symbolism in both Peter Pan and “The Fool”. The analysis shows how Colman Smith challenged conventional views of gender by reimagining “The Fool” in ways that resist traditional male-centered depictions. At the same time, this paper proposes a new interpretive dimension: “The Fool” can be read not only as a symbol of innocence and new beginnings but also as an invitation to revisit one’s childhood when confronting present challenges. In this way, by considering Colman Smith’s work alongside Barrie’s, the paper positions “The Fool” card within broader cultural debates in literature, theatre, and early twentieth-century thought.departmental bulletin pape
An Attempt to Create a Face-to-Face and SNS Switching Scale of Friendship in Adolescence
Full text link本研究では、青年期の友人関係における「切替」を取り上げ、中でも対面状況とSNS状況においてそれぞれ異なった友人関係を形成したり、付き合い方を替える「対面・SNS間での切替」について着目し、「友人関係における対面・SNS切替尺度」の作成を試みた。その結果、対面よりもSNSの方が気を遣わず本音で付き合うことができる「SNS気楽」、様々な関係性の友人が同じアカウントにいても気になら
ず、対面とSNSで付き合う友人を変化させない「対象切替低」、アカウントによって投稿する内容や話題を変える「自己切替高」の3因子が抽出された。3つの因子の因子得点に基づき、SNSにて本音を出したり自己切替を行う傾向が低い「SNS気楽低・自己切替低群」、SNS上で気を遣わずに本音で付き合い、自分の見せたい部分を見せたい相手に見せている傾向が高い「SNS気楽・自己切替群」、SNSでのアカ
ウント間・対面・SNS間において付き合う友人を変える傾向が高い「対象切替群」の3群が形成された。対面・SNS切替の傾向と、友人との付き合い方との関連について調査したところ、「SNS気楽・自己切替群」は、友人への「不安・懸念」「ライバル意識」「葛藤」「傷つきやすさ」が有意に高く、対面での友人関係において傷つくことを避けようとする傾向が強い一方で、SNS上では気を遣わずに本音で付き
合い、積極的に自分の望む相手に内面を表出することが推測された。「SNS気楽低・自己切替低群」は、友人に対して不安や葛藤などのネガティブな感情を感じずに友人に対して信頼感をもっている可能性が示唆された。このことから、友人に対してネガティブ感情があるために、SNS上で自己切替を行うことが推測された。This study focuses on the concept of "switching" in adolescent friendships, particularly the "switching between face-to-face and SNS contexts," where individuals form different friendships or change their interaction styles depending on whether they are in face-to-face or SNS situations. Thestudy aims to develop a "Face-to-Face and SNS Switching Scale for Friendships." As a result, three factors were identified: "SNS Relaxed," referring to the ability to interact more openly and honestly on SNS than in face-to-face situations without excessive concern; "Low Target Switching," indicating 11 little concern about having friends from various relationships on the same account and not varying the friends they interact with between face-to-face and SNS contexts; and "High Self-Switching," which involves changing the content and topics of posts depending on the account. Based on the factor scores of these three factors, three groups were formed: the "SNS Relaxed Low-Self-Switching Low Group," which tends to be low in expressing their true feelings or switching their person on SNS; the "SNS Relaxed-Self-Switching Group," which tends to interact with friends on SNS without being overly considerate and shows the parts of themselves they want to show to the people they wish to reveal them to; and the "Target Switching Group," which tends to change the friends they interact with across SNS accounts and between face-to-face and SNS interactions.
Subsequent analysis of the relationship between tendencies in face-to-face and SNS switching in friendships and the way individuals interact with friends revealed that the "SNS Relaxed-Self-Switching Group" was higher than other groups in "anxiety/concern," "sense of rivalry," "conflict," and "vulnerability" toward friends. It was considered that, while they are strongly inclined to avoid being hurt in face-to-face friendships, they interact candidly and express their inner selves actively to their desired audience on SNS. The 'Self-Switching Low Group' showed a tendency not to experience negative emotions such as anxiety or conflict, which suggested that they had a sense of trust
towards their friends. Based on these results, it is considered that self-switching on SNS may occur as a response to negative emotions toward friends.departmental bulletin pape
