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Examining the Textual Content of the Second Volume of Fukuro-zōshi
Full text link『袋草紙』は、平安後期、藤原清輔によって編まれた上下二巻から成る歌学書で、保元二（一一五七）年八月から同三年八月ごろに成立したとされる。平安時代の歌会や歌合について具体的に述べ、歌集編纂、歌人逸話等、和歌にまつわる事柄を広範囲に収録した書である。本稿ではこのうち下巻について、新たに確認された本を紹介し、下巻の本文について考察を試みる。下巻は、冒頭に「清輔袋雙紙」と記し「証歌」部分まで備える体裁の唯一の完本である陽明文庫本が「草稿本的性格」を持つ本とされる。これに対して流布本諸本は末尾を欠き、両者は別系統の本文である。本稿では、この流布本に近時確認された二本が加わり、うち陽明文庫蔵「歌合」は「証歌」部分は脱落するが「証歌」前の文章は完備している本であることを述べた。ただしこれによって従来の伝本関係に変動はない。なお完本である陽明文庫本は注の状況等から早い時期の本文と判断される。が、書写過程で発生した誤記や注文の本文化を含む。流布本と比較すると、著者清輔の主張である「予案」の書き出しで始まる箇所等に書き換えに類する記事はなく、著者の草案の残存や手控え本的なさまは見られないことを再確認した。Fukuro-zōshi is a two-volume treatise on waka poetics compiled by Fujiwara no Kiyosuke in the late Heian period. Based on internal references, its compilation is believed to have taken place between August of Hōgen 2 (1157) and August of Hōgen 3. The work offers detailed accounts of poetry gatherings (uta-kai) and poetry contests (uta-awase) during the Heian era, and serves as a veritable treasury of knowledge related to waka, including anthology compilation practices and anecdotes about poets. This paper focuses on the second volume
of Fukuro-zōshi, introducing two newly identified manuscripts and offering a textual analysis of their contents. The Yōmei Bunko manuscript, which begins with the title “Kiyosuke Fukuro-zōshi” and preserves the text up to the “shōka” (a waka poem serving as evidence), is the only extant complete copy of the second volume and is positioned as having the characteristics of a draft version. In contrast, the widely circulated texts lack the final section, and the two are considered to represent distinct textual lineages. Two additional manuscripts belonging to the widely circulated texts have been newly identified in recent years.departmental bulletin pape
Policy Trends in China’s Ecological Protection Compensation: An Analysis of the Ecological Protection Compensation Regulations
Full text link本稿は、2024年に公布された「生態保護補償条例」を対象に、「生態保護補償」制度の政策的動向を中心に検討したものである。「生態保護補償」は、国際的に知られる「生態系サービスへの支払い」（Payment for Ecosystem Services, PES）と類似しながらも、中国では政府主導のもとで独自に発展し、多様な制度的展開を遂げてきた。2000年代後半以降、「生態文明」建設の理念のもとで重要性を増し、2014年の『環境保護法』改正を経て、2024年の「条例」公布によって制度的成熟段階に至ったと位置づけられる。
まず、「条例」は、政府主導の枠組みを維持しつつ、中央から地方への垂直型財政移転や地方間の水平型財政移転を主要な補償手段とし、県レベル以下の基層社会への浸透を意図している。次に、賠償概念を切り離し、インセンティブとしての機能を前面に押し出している点も特徴である。さらに、「補償」の市場化・多元化が進展し、取引制度や民間主体の参画拡大も図られている。他方で、「条例」の制度的分析を通じて、生態保護の公益性との乖離や政策体系の整合性不足などの課題も浮き彫りになった。This study investigates the evolving policy framework of the Ecological Protection Compensation system in China, focusing on the Ecological Protection Compensation Regulations promulgated in 2024. While Ecological Protection Compensation resembles the internationally recognized concept of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), it owes its unique development to strong government leadership in China and has undergone diverse institutional transformations. Since the late 2000s, under the guiding vision of “ecological civilization” construction, eco-compensation has gained strategic importance. Building on the 2014 revision of the Environmental Protection Law, the 2024 Regulations signal the system’s institutional maturation.
The Regulations retain a government-centered framework, emphasizing vertical fiscal transfers from the central to local governments and horizontal transfers across regions while extending their reach to grassroots communities below the county level. They highlight the role of incentives and downplay the notion of damages. Furthermore, the Regulations advance marketization and diversification by fostering transaction mechanisms and broadening private-sector participation. Nevertheless, the analysis reveals persistent challenges, including tensions with the public-interest nature of ecological protection and insufficient coherence within the broader policy framework.departmental bulletin pape
高校生友人間で LINE の返信が無い場面の受け止めについての検討 ― ネガティブ感情と想起内容を切り口に ―
Full text link本研究では、高校生を対象に、友人間での LINE のやりとりに関する仮想の3場面を設定し、友
人から返信が無い場合に気になるか否か、気になり始める時間、その時点で感じるネガティブ感情と、返信が無い場合に想起する内容について、友人関係の特徴との関連を検討した。その結果、男女ともに友人と深く関わろうとする群が、返信を早く求め、返信が無い際にネガティブ感情を感じる傾向があった。友人と深く関わろうとする人ほど、相手からの返信が無い事が気になり、友人との繋がりを求める気持ちが裏切られたように感じてネガティブ感情を感じるのではないかと考えられた。返信が無い事に対する想起内容については、友人と約束していた予定を確認する場面では、友人にネガティブな感情を向ける反応もみられたが、自身の気持ちや内面を表現する場面では、既読後に友人の返信が無い事について、自分が友人に嫌われたと受け止めたり自責的に受け止める人がみられ、反応が返ってこない事を否定的に捉えている可能性が窺えた。「返信が無い事を気にしない」と回答した人も、様々に思いを巡らし返信が無い理由や、自分が納得する理由を考えていた。This study examined the relationship between characteristics of friendships and responses to unanswered LINE messages among high school students. Participants were presented with three hypothetical scenarios involving LINE exchanges with friends. The study investigated whether they became concerned when they did not receive a reply, how long it took for them to start feeling concerned, the negative emotions experienced at that point, and the thoughts that came to mind in the absence of a reply. The results showed that both male and female participants who were more inclined to engage deeply with their friends tended to expect quicker replies and were more likely to experience negative emotions when they did not receive a response. This suggests that individuals who seek deeper connections with their friends are more sensitive to the absence of a reply and are more prone to negative emotions in such situations. It is likely that their strong desire for connection leads them to feel as if their expectations have been betrayed, resulting in negative emotions. Regarding the thoughts that arose in response to unanswered messages, different patterns were observed depending on the context. In situations where participants were confirming plans they had made with a friend, some expressed negative emotions toward the friend. However, in scenarios where they were sharing their own feelings or personal matters, some participants felt disliked and reacted with self-blame when their friend did not respond after reading the message. This suggests that they may have interpreted the lack of a reply in a negative way. Even those who stated that they were “not concerned” about not receiving a reply still engaged in various thoughts, contemplating possible reasons for the lack of response or trying to come up with explanations that they found acceptable.departmental bulletin pape
