OSU Libraries Digital Journal Publishing (Ohio State University)
Not a member yet
5423 research outputs found
Sort by
Editors’ Introduction, Volume 8, Issue 4 (Special Issue) Rural Victimization: A Trauma-Informed Approach from a Global Perspective
No full textNo abstract available
A Likelihood Ratio Test for Hybridization Under the Multispecies Coalescent
No full textSeveral methods have been developed to carry out a statistical test for hybridization at the species level, including the ABBA-BABA test and HyDe. Here, we propose a new method for detecting hybridization and quantifying the extent of hybridization. Our test computes the likelihood of a species tree that is possibly subject to hybridization using site pattern frequencies from genomic-scale datasets under the multispecies coalescent. To do this, we extend the calculation of the likelihood for site pattern frequency data for the 4-taxon symmetric and asymmetric species trees proposed in Chifman and Kubatko (2015) by incorporating an inheritance parameter, resulting in efficient computation of the likelihood under a scenario of hybridization. We use this likelihood computation to construct a likelihood ratio test that a given species is a hybrid of two parental species. Simulations demonstrate that our test is more powerful than existing tests of hybridization, including HyDe, and that it achieves the desired type I error rate. We apply the method to two empirical data sets, one for which hybridization is believed to have occurred and one for which previous methods have failed to detect hybridization
Conceptualizing Peer Support to Mitigate the Rural-Urban Divide
No full textThe ‘urban-rural’ divide is often used in research to analyze political, social, cultural, economic, and other differences between urban and rural areas in the United States. There is also an urban-rural divide within criminological research. Most existing research on reentry experiences centers on individuals and programs located in urban areas. Thus, there is a knowledge gap regarding how reentry experiences are impacted by an individual residing in a rural community. Rural inhabitants may have less access to resources, social support, and trauma-informed care than their urban counterparts. They are also more susceptible to trauma and incarceration. There is limited research on the urban-rural divide, trauma, and co-occurring disorders among individuals with criminal justice involvement. However, the available research indicates that rural residents encounter unique barriers to care access and that creative responses are required. Utilizing data from a larger study of reentry in Indiana and Kentucky, we explore the reentry experiences of individuals released to rural counties and those geographically relocated to urban areas by the criminal legal system. Moreover, we explore how peer support can address the gaps in traditional reentry programming. Peer Support is an empirical evidence-based practice that can aid in the recovery from trauma and the surmounting obstacles posed by intersectional identities and the criminal legal system. The article examines the conceptualization of peer support as a means of mitigating the urban-rural divide's effects on individuals battling intersectionality disparities, co-occurring disorders, trauma, and criminal justice system impacts
Bayesian Total-Evidence Dating Reshapes the Age and Historical Biogeography of Parnassiinae
No full textAlthough incomplete, the fossil record offers direct evidence for the existence of a lineage, providing insights into its age and geographic location. Reconstructing time-calibrated phylogenies, including both extant and fossil taxa as lineages (total-evidence dating) under the fossilized birth-death process, can provide new information about the phylogenetic position of fossil specimens, the time at which they diverged from closely related species, and can impact inferences of clades’ historical biogeography. Here, we focus on the origin and radiation of Apollo butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae), whose origin has been estimated in the late Eocene in Central Asia. The two fossil taxa recovered in the subfamily Parnassiinae, dated to the late Oligocene (†Thaites ruminiana Scudder) and late Miocene (†Doritites bosniaskii Rebel) in the Western Palearctic, thus challenge the Central Asian origin. We performed a Bayesian total-evidence dating approach to explore the impact of dating analyses and past fossil distributions on the estimation of the evolutionary history of the group. We obtained a more credible dating and historical biogeography for the group, placing its origin in the late Paleocene (ca. 57 Ma) in the Western Palearctic + Western Asia and Caucasus regions, followed by dispersals to Central Asia and the Himalayas. This study also highlights the importance of investigating fossil position in addition to clock partitioning and models for molecular dating. Furthermore, we confirm that a few fossils are sufficient to cast doubt on the origin and biogeographic history of a group, especially when those fossils were dispersed outside of the current center of diversity
Stereotypes on the Small Screen: Applying a Media Rating Tool to Portrayals of Autism in Television Series 2010 – 2019
No full textImages of disability in media, both accurate and stereotypical, have a powerful effect on the opinions and actions of individuals. Although researchers have noted and categorized ways that disability has been portrayed in movies and on television over many decades, little research has focused on more recent media. Furthermore, extant research has focused on physical, sensory, and psychiatric disabilities, leaving autism spectrum disorder (ASD) under-researched. This paper describes and analyzes portrayals of ASD in the past decade (2010–2019) in television series produced primarily in the United States and marketed for popular audiences. This media content analysis utilized a movie rating tool designed to assess the presence or absence of previously researched disability stereotypes (Safran, 2000). Using this tool, trained undergraduate students rated twelve television series spanning eight genres. Numerical and narrative data were used to categorize series as more positive/realistic or more negative/stereotypical. Results revealed ten of the twelve to be overall positive/realistic, although stereotypes of disability persisted throughout all series. ASD is increasingly visible on the small screen; it is imperative that images in media consumed by the general public present disability, and specifically ASD, in accurate, positive, realistic, and non-stereotyped ways. The paper concludes with recommendations toward this goal
Prioritizing Crip Futures: Applying Crip Theory to Create Accessible Academic Experiences in Higher Education
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to explore how crip theory can be applied in higher education to resist ableism and create accessible academic experiences for disabled college students. Using personal narratives about psychological and learning disabilities as our anchors, we describe how ableism shapes college students' academic experiences, such as the fast pace of academic rigor and faculty perceptions of accommodations providing an unfair advantage for disabled students. We then review crip theory tenets, including fluidity, interdependence, and crip time, and offer possibilities for applying those tenets in practice. Some of these possibilities include collaborative conversations between students and disability services providers, embracing imperfection, co-constructing course access options, and de-stigmatizing non-normative academic timelines. We frame our thoughts about practice through the notion of crip manifestos (Kafer, 2017), which suggest both practical considerations grounded in current ableist realities and radical practices that envision crip futures
A Disability Studies Analysis of Alcohol Use: Understanding Personal Experiences through Dominant Discourses on Addiction
No full textThis paper describes my experiences with coming to understand my own relationship with alcohol dependency and addiction. Disability studies has offered me a lens and guide through which I have critically interrogated discourses about addiction, while examining the ways dominant and counter-narratives have impacted my own recovery process. In this paper, I review historical information about the emergence of culturally accepted recovery ideologies in the United States that have led to a dominant disease model perspective. Then, I explain the disability studies-informed theoretical underpinnings of this paper, which include discourse theory and disability studies as applied to alcohol addiction. Using disability studies and autoethnography as a guide, the body of the paper uses examples from my own journals to elucidate salient themes that emerged about my experiences in early recovery. The paper uncovers the ways I came to understand my own identity related to addiction, how I navigated feelings of stigma and shame, the ways I found recovery spaces that embraced empowering frameworks aligned to a disability studies ethos, and how I discovered community and pride through this experience
Melodic Pattern Repetition and Efficient Encoding: A Corpus Study
No full textMelodies are full of repeated patterns of pitch, interval, and rhythm. It has been suggested that these repeated patterns aid the listener in creating an efficient encoding; this raises the possibility that compositional practice might have evolved to facilitate this process. I propose three specific hypotheses about compositional practice: 1) Repeated intervallic patterns tend to be metrically parallel, with each instance of the pattern falling at the same position in relation to the metrical structure; 2) Purely intervallic repetitions tend to be confined to short distances (longer-distance repetitions tend to involve repetition of scale-degrees as well); 3) Repeated intervallic patterns tend to involve multiple intervals rather than single ones. In each case, I explain how such a compositional strategy might facilitate efficient encoding. Corpus analyses of classical themes and European folk songs find support for all three hypotheses