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Building a Foundational Understanding of Systems of Equations
No full textThe teaching of systems of equations has often been reduced to a series of procedures and steps, often boiling off the context that is inherent with each individual system. Delivering learning opportunities around systems requires teachers to present students with opportunities to engage with the Standards of Mathematical Practice, where students reason, model, and persevere. In this article, classroom teachers are provided with ideas for practice that center around the use of problems to introduce the various methods for solving simultaneous equations
A Mental Health Self-Screening Tool for Graduate Students
No full textBackground: Excessive perceived stress and mental health crises are escalating among college students. About 50% meet mental health disorder criteria, and half of them receive inadequate treatment.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a 15-20 minute online, anonymous, mental health self-screening survey and resource tool for graduate students across a large midwestern university campus.
Methods: A descriptive, correlational design addressed the study's aims. Recruitment occurred through multiple campus communication mechanisms and included a brief study description, quick reference (QR) code, and weblink to access the tool and survey. Data collected with the tool included demographic items and scores from standardized screening instruments measuring burnout, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol misuse, and health behavior practices. Descriptive and correlational statistics were computed.
Results: Among 778 graduate students who accessed and completed the survey, nearly 60% met the burnout threshold, 58% scored 8 (of 16) on the stress scale, 32% met the depression threshold, 47% met the anxiety threshold, 54% reported one or more symptoms of PTSD, and 38% reported poor health behaviors. Significant positive correlations (r = 0.184 to 0.615) were found between burnout, perceived stress, depression, and anxiety. Health behavior scores were significantly negatively correlated (r = -0.151 to -0.283) with burnout, perceived stress, depression, and anxiety. Scores differed by gender, race, and graduate student status (part-time vs. full-time). Female identifying students, age, and hours worked per week were associated with various outcome scores. Students commented that the tool needed more specific resources tailored to their scores.
Conclusions: The data support the need for tailored coping resources based on student self-reported data. Video-based micromodules guiding individuals through coping skills (breathing, mindfulness, identifying negative thoughts, gratitude exercises) have since been developed and will be studied as a tailored resource for students
A Survey of Behaviors, Beliefs, and Perceptions of COVID-19 in Rural Appalachian Ohio
No full textBackground: Preventing the spread of COVID-19 comes with many challenges. Considering the sociobehavioral effects of social distancing in rural communities specifically is incredibly important. No previous studies have been published about adherence to COVID-19 preventative measures and viewpoints on vaccination/other prevention measures in the rural Appalachian region of Ohio specifically. This present study will describe the results of a survey regarding perceptions of COVID-19 in rural communities.Methods: A 20-question cross-sectional survey was administered over a 6-week period from February to April 2021. Survey distribution was completed via flyers with QR codes hung at 4 medical offices in Columbiana and Tuscarawas counties. The survey was adapted from the standardized FluTEST survey. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used for comparison.Results: We had 23 respondents after removing incomplete/nonconsenting responses. Our data showed that contracting COVID-19 was associated with vaccine distrust. Females and those with health risk factors were found to be more cautious when compared to males and those without risk factors, respectively. Respondents under age 65 years were more likely to trust government health agencies. Those with emotional distress were more likely to take precautions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: To prevent widening health inequalities in the particularly vulnerable population of Appalachia, further study with larger sample size should be conducted. This information can be used by health care providers to tailor patient education regarding COVID-19 vaccine administration, treatment, and prevention measures
Local Health Departments are Not Using Enough Public Health Research
No full textNo abstract available
Coevolution With Host Fishes Shapes Parasitic Life Histories in a Group of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae: Quadrulini).
No full textEcological interactions among species often lead to parasitic lineages coevolving with host resources, which is often suggested as the primary driver of parasite diversification. Freshwater mussels are bivalves that possess a parasitic life cycle requiring larval encystment on freshwater vertebrates to complete metamorphosis. The North American freshwater mussel tribe Quadrulini has a suite of life history adaptations including highly specialized patterns of host use, infection strategies, and variable larval morphologies. However, the evolution of life histories has yet to be explored using phylogenetic comparative methods. In this study, we use a holistic approach incorporating biogeographical, ecological, molecular, and morphological datasets to reconstruct the evolution of Quadrulini. Comparative phylogenetic analyses suggested the diversification of Quadrulini has been driven, at least in part, by codiversification with their primary host fishes in Ictaluridae. Major diversification events in both ictalurids and quadrulines were estimated to have occurred in the Mississippi River basin throughout the Miocene. Life history characteristics associated with parasitism were supported to have coevolved with host repertories, supporting the hypothesis that ecological interactions with host fishes have shaped the evolution of highly specialized traits in this group. Our findings demonstrate the importance of ecological interactions with host resources in shaping the evolutionary history of freshwater mussels
An Assessment of In-stream Sampling Activity of Macroinvertebrates and Stream Channelization in Dug Run, Allen County, Ohio, USA
No full textMacroinvertebrates are good indicators of stream quality. Changes in populations of sensitive macroinvertebrates help to show stressors to the stream. Student sampling of a section of Dug Run in northwestern Ohio has occurred since 2015. This work has been to identify how changes on the campus including construction, tree removal, and channelization may be impacting stream macroinvertebrates. Student sampling, however, also causes disturbances that may negatively impact macroinvertebrate populations. A break in student sampling—due first to the use of an adjacent off-site location in 2019 and then to COVID-19 beginning in 2020—was expected to impact the number of mayfly nymphs and caddisfly larvae captured, both considered sensitive macroinvertebrates in the stream. To measure the impact of channelization in Dug Run, the study area was split into a channelized reach, an upstream reach, and a downstream reach. Stream habitat was also studied in each reach with macroinvertebrates collected from riffles, undercuts, and pools. After a break in sampling, caddisfly larvae increased initially but have declined in the 2 following years, while mayfly nymphs increased in the last 2 years of the study. No significant differences were found in stream quality monitoring (SQM) index scores between the channelized reach compared to upstream and downstream reaches (H = 4.15; p = 0.126). There was a significant difference in taxa richness among pools, riffles, and undercuts (H = 14.09; p < 0.001). A significant difference was also found in the moderately sensitive macroinvertebrates captured in riffles between the channelized, upstream, and downstream reaches (H = 6.82; p = 0.033). A break in sampling resulted in an initial increase in mayfly nymph and caddisfly larvae samples, but it appears a variety of factors may be responsible for the numbers captured. The channelized reach had higher numbers of scuds and crayfish in riffles among the 3 reaches, which may be the result of a change in their distribution related to lack of undercuts. Both scuds and crayfishwere found in significantly greater abundance in undercuts compared to pools and riffles
A Message from BHAC Board President: Preventing and Battling Burnout: Tactics That Help
No full textNo abstract available
A Population Profile of the Amish in Michigan
No full textThis article is a review of settlement development and population characteristics of the Amish living in the state of Michigan. After a number of failed attempts to start communities in Michigan prior to 1970, the Amish presence has continued to grow. Today, Michigan is one of five states that host at least 50 settlements. Hostetler’s (1980) theory of limited possibilities is used to interpret both the failed attempts before 1970 and the sustained growth since 1970. Through data collected from the 2019 directory of Amish households, various population characteristics are discussed. These characteristics compare Amish living in Old Order, Swiss, and other conservative settlements. For the most part, there are minor demographic differences among the three groups, with the exception of the occupations of men. Old Order men are less likely to be involved in farming when compared to men from Swiss and other conservative groups. Overall, the Amish in Michigan, like Amish throughout North America, are a high fertility group, which is illustrated both by the completed fertility of women who are 45 years of age and over and by the age-sex population pyramids for the three groups
Cross-Coalitional Anti-Racist and Anti-Ableist Movements? Building on Maroon/Fugitive Knowledges and Global South Epistemologies
No full textThe present essay interrogates cross-coalitional, anti-racist and anti-ableist movement building in the global north and in the global south through the perspectives of fugitive, maroon knowledges and global south epistemologies. The essay builds upon the theoretical grounding offered by LatDisCrit through its integrative bridging work across DisCrit and LatCrit theory and its prioritization of diasporic, sociopolitical engagements with sociohistorical manifestations of trans-Latinidades throughout U.S. imperial territorialities. As such, the essay relies on the use of counterstorytelling as a hermeneutic method which surfaces otherwise hidden dimensions of global south epistemologies that in this essay are operationalized as knowledges born in the struggle, regardless of whether the struggle in question takes place in global north, global south contexts, or both. The essay concludes with critical explorations on the concept of quilombo. This notion is proposed as a possibilitarian space for cross-coalitional resistance, emancipatory learning, radical agency and radical solidarity