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Openness to World Music Predicts Adaptation to a New Culture among Student Sojourners
No full textStudent sojourners temporarily live in a foreign country to pursue higher education. Research has shown that student sojourners’ openness to new experience and cultural values predict their adaptation to the host culture. However, it is unclear whether music – a major medium of cultural communication – also plays a role in adaptation to a host culture. This study examined whether student sojourners’ world music open-earedness (a willingness to explore, listen to, tolerate, and learn about music from diverse cultures) and functions of music in intercultural settings (the psychosocial reasons people engage with music) predict psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Seventy-six student sojourners in Australia reported their musical inclinations and adaptation to Australian society. World music open-earedness was significantly correlated with psychological and sociocultural adaptation. However, multiple regression modelling revealed that after statistically controlling for personal characteristics (e.g., age, musical training), personality traits (e.g., openness), and acculturation strategies, psychological adaptation was predicted by the music functions ‘arousal and activation’ and ‘self-reflection’, whereas sociocultural adaptation was predicted by world music open-earedness and the music function ‘arousal and activation’. Mechanisms that account for these associations and implications for identifying at-risk international students are discussed
Efficacy and Attitudes Towards Online Homework Systems in First-Semester Calculus
No full textIn this study, the author compares the academic performance and attitudes of two groups of first-semester calculus students at a small, private university. A control group completed traditional paper-and-pencil homework, while an experimental group completed homework using an online system. Results show an improvement in performance on quizzes and final exams of the experimental group. Furthermore, student survey responses indicate higher satisfaction with the online system
Uptake of the COVID-2019 Vaccines Among College Students: Assessing Health Beliefs and Reasons for Vaccine Uptake
No full textBackground: College students are susceptible to airborne infectious diseases due to a communal living or learning environment. Adherence to vaccine regimens could safeguard population health in college communities.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine uptake and health beliefs among university students using the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. The secondary objectives were to identify sources of health information on COVID-19 and reasons for vaccine uptake.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented among students at a university in the Northeastern region of the United States. The online survey assessed perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Data analyses include qualitative, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression.
Results: Of the 385 participants, 266 (69.1%) were within the age range of 20-29 years old. Three HBM constructs predicted vaccine uptake: (1) perceived benefits (aOR 5.02, 95% CI [2.86, 8.82], p = < 0.001), (2) perceived barriers (aOR 0.24, 95% CI [0.14, 0.42], p = <0.001), and (3) cues to action (aOR 4.36, 95% CI [1.92, 9.93], p = <0.001). The reason for vaccine uptake included protecting themselves and the community. A primary source of information varied in the study population.
Conclusion: The study findings may inform college administ rators' decision-making to incorporate effective health promotion methods for vaccine uptake
The Well-Being of Student Veterans: A Feasibility Study Using the Well-Being Inventory in the Academic Setting
No full textBackground: Veterans are using the Post 9/11 GI Bill benefits for post-secondary education more than ever. Military life experiences, including combat deployments and the visible and invisible wounds from their time in the service, affect Student Veterans’ (SV) well-being and may complicate their transition to a student role and the road to academic success.
Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the educational well-being among SV. A secondary aim was to determine the feasibility of measuring well-being in SV with the Well-Being Inventory (WBI), a validated tool that measures four domains of well-being in veterans: (1) vocation, (2) health, (3) financial, and (4) social well-being.
Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study, the WBI was completed by SV (N = 58) via an electronic survey platform. The status, functioning, and satisfaction of the domains of well-being were scored. Correlational statistics were calculated to detect relationships of educational well-being with vocation, work, health, financial, and social well-being domains.
Results: Educational well-being was associated with vocation, work, health, and social well-being. SV exhibited the least well-being in the financial and health domains.
Conclusions: Academic settings that offer support to SV in relation to their vocation, work, health, and social well-being may enhance SV academic success
Opiate Use Disorder and Exercise: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: The opiate epidemic continues to cause hardship to American communities, including in all counties in Ohio, and resulted in 100 000 drug overdoses in 2021. Medications such as buprenorphine have helped people affected by opiate use disorder (OUD) to continue through recovery, although medication assisted therapy (MAT) has shown limited retention rates, calling for complimentary interventions to be implemented. Exercise has potential to reduce cardiovascular risk, lower obesity, and improve mental health. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature on OUD and exercise as an adjunct to MAT. The authors hypothesize that there is a gap in the knowledge as to whether this modality has been thoroughly researched to aid in OUD recovery.Methods: A database literature search of PubMed, CINHAL, and PsychInfo returned a total of 458 abstracts. Four sets of exclusion criteria were implemented resulting in a total of 26 articles. After further review, 8 more articles were excluded by the authors.Results: Eighteen articles including participants with OUD were systematically reviewed. Only 1 article solely fo-cused on participants with OUD and exercise as an adjunct to treatment.Conclusion: Exercise as an adjunct to treatment for OUD is an area of addiction treatment that warrants further investigation. Incorporating exercise into a recovery program for people with substance use disorders (SUD) specifically has been touted as a promising modality, however, limitations in OUD only studies and lack of control groups make it difficult to draw a conclusion to support our hypothesis
Key-Specific Structure in Mozart's Music: A Peek into his Creative Process?
Get PDFTheories of tonal music take for granted that all keys of the same mode (i.e., all major and all minor keys) are employed by composers in essentially the same way; however, newer analytical and cognitive research challenges this view by pointing to aspects of transpositional nonequivalence among the keys. The present study offers possibly the first systematic, data-driven investigation of correlations between the choice of absolute key and structure across a composer's body of works. By performing an extensive corpus-based analysis of music by Wolfgang Amadé Mozart (1756–91), we derive 55 prototypes, subsuming phenomena from three independent domains: dynamic-rhetoric gestures that launch orchestral works, digressions to the parallel minor in sonata-allegro movements, and the occurrences of a particular six-note motive across Mozart's complete oeuvre. Ten prototypes display a significant association with a specific key after correction for multiple comparisons, amounting to a statistically significant total. Investigation of key-related musical structure offers fresh insight into Mozart's compositional decisions and the relation between schemata and their instantiations in his works, at the same time suggesting a revised perspective on traditional key characteristics. Mozart's perfect pitch offers one possible explanation for the role of key-related structure in his works; however, we also contemplate other possible explanations
Commentary on "A Computational Approach to the Detection and Prediction of (Ir)Regularity in Children's Folk Songs"
Get PDFThis commentary on "A Computational Approach to the Detection and Prediction of (Ir)Regularity in Children's Folk Songs" by Mihelač, Povoh, and Wiggins reflects on the use of methods of (statistical) expectation to analyze musical structure and regularity, including potential biases of such methods, and provides some perspectives on leveraging information theoretic models of musical expectation to design cognitively plausible computational listeners of music
Student Responses to Switching to Online Nutritional Interventions During Pandemic in a Latin-American University
No full textBackground: Creating positive visions and attitudes in university students through educational interventions is challenging. Gamification-based programs can create an inclusive space where the student and trainer can strengthen learning in a dynamic process, which helps students find a mechanism that facilitates learning, and provides a useful way to comprehend academic content.
Aim: The aim of this study was to document the final experience of first-year university students on the adaptability to transition from in-person to online interventions from a program of nutritional and sustainability education through gamification concept theory.
Methods: This study reviews the results of the transition to online modality, due to COVID-19, of a nutritional education intervention with first-year university students (n = 85) from 16 countries in the Americas.
Results: The findings indicate that most of the students perceived improvement in their eating habits during the confinement period due to the information provided in the different sessions of the educational intervention.
Conclusions: Most students would have preferred that the intervention had been in person; however, they did not feel a sudden change due to the transition from face-to-face to online, demonstrating their resilience to the pandemic
Validation of Rash and Nonspecific Eruption Diagnoses Using ICD-9 and ICD-10 Codes
No full textDespite being common cutaneous findings in the hospital setting, cutaneous drug eruptions have not been thoroughly validated for administrative claims data. The purpose of this study was to validate primary discharge diagnoses for the ICD code rash or other nonspecific eruptions by finding the positive predictive value (PPV) and to determine how often it was used to indicate an eruption that was eventually determined to be a drug eruption. Two dermatologists independently examined each of 39 hospital patient encounters to assess the validity of the ICD code used by stating whether the code used was appropriate or inappropriate, per table 1 criteria. Since in most patients, a drug eruption was suspected, the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale was utilized to externally validate our findings. Our results yielded a PPV for nonspecific rashes of 94.87% (83.11-98.58%) for appropriateness of use. The mean Naranjo score for appropriately versus inappropriately coded cases was 5.7 versus 2.5, respectively, with a mean difference of 3.17568 (0.18833-6.16302), (pooled P-value = 0.0378). Out of the cases analyzed, 29/39 or 74% were confirmed to be drug-related. Our high PPV supports the validity of non-specific eruptions found in national patient databases and the high Naranjo criteria suggest that often, these eruptions are drug related, yet not confirmed at the point of discharge