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Are ChatGPT Responses to Urologic Health Inquiries Readable and Supported by American Urological Association Guidelines?
Get PDFIntroduction and Objective:
ChatGPT is widely accessible to patients, but it is unknown if the responses provided by the chatbot are supported by corresponding American Urological Association’s (AUA) guidelines. Our primary objective was to assess if cGPT’s responses to a hypothetical patient’s question regarding their urologic conditions were supported by the AUA guidelines.
Methods:
Thirty prompts, each addressing one or more AUA Guideline, were written from the perspective of a patient. Responses were assessed by 8 evaluators consisting of practicing Urologists and current Urology Residents. Each response was evaluated using a Support Score (SS) and Quality Score (QS) (Table 1). A median SS score of ³3 was considered “Supported” by the AUA Guidelines and a median QS score of ³4 was considered “High Quality”. Each response was analyzed for readability using Flesh-Kincaid Readability Grade Level (FKRGL) scores. The kappa coefficient was calculated to determine interrater agreement.
Results:
Overall, 20/30 (66%) responses were supported by the AUA guidelines. Responses to oncology questions were unlikely to be supported by AUA guidelines (5/12 questions supported) while questions pertaining to infertility (4/4), erectile issues (2/2), and reconstruction (1/1) were uniformly supported by the guidelines. Only 11/30 (37%) responses were deemed high quality. Questions in most domains of urology generally did not have high quality responses, while ¾ infertility questions were deemed high quality. The average FKR Grade Level Score was 18 which is equivalent to a college graduate reading level. Response grade reading levels ranged from 13 (college level) to 23 (professional). There was “slight interrater agreement among SS (k=0.15, p=\u3c0.001) and QS (k=0.06, p=0.004).
Conclusion
While cGPT can provide responses supported by the AUA guidelines, the majority missed minor or nuanced elements which may influence patient care. Most responses lacked quality and accessibility in terms of reading level. Responses from cGPT about urologic conditions are not a suitable alternative to consulting with medical professionals
Simplifying treatment from double-inhaler to single-inhaler triple therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Ferguson GT, Brown N, Compton C, et al. Once-daily single-inhaler versus twice-daily multiple-inhaler triple therapy in patients with COPD: lung function and health status results from two replicate randomized controlled trials. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01360-w
for a patient requesting a simplified therapeutic regimen with equal efficacy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management
Genetic Overview of the Maya Populations: Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups
No full textWe identified mitochondrial DNA haplogroups A, B, C, and D in 75 present-day Maya individuals, 24 Maya individuals of the colonial period, and 1 pre-Columbian Maya individual from Quintana Roo, Mexico. We examined these data together with those of 21 Maya populations reported in the literature, comprising 647 present-day Maya individuals and 71 ancient Maya individuals. A demographic study based on analysis of fertility and endogamy was carried out in two modern Maya populations to identify cultural factors that influence the mitochondrial haplogroup genetic diversity. Most present-day and ancient Maya populations show a distribution pattern of mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies A, C, B, and D in decreasing order, with haplogroup D absent in several populations. Considering only modern Maya populations with at least 50 individuals analyzed, the present-day Tzotzil and Lacandon populations from Chiapas show the highest and lowest genetic diversity, 0.706 and 0.025, respectively. Our results show small genetic differences between the Maya populations, with the exception of the present-day Tojolabal and Lacandon populations from Chiapas. The present-day Lacandon population from Chiapas differs from other Maya populations in showing almost only haplogroup A. This result suggests a long history of isolation and endogamy as well as a possible founder effect inside the Lacandonian rain forest. The contemporary Tojolabal population is the only one with an unusual mitochondrial haplogroup pattern, exhibiting a frequency of haplogroup B higher than A and the absence of haplogroup C. With a small sample size, the pre-Columbian Copán Maya show a high content of haplogroup C and a low frequency of haplogroup D. The genetic homogeneity of the Maya populations is indicative of a common origin and nearly continuous gene flow in the long term within a general isolation of the whole group, in contrast to the Nahua populations that had different origins. Our demographic study showed high fertility rates and high levels of endogamy in the present-day Maya populations from Quintana Roo that are consistent with their general low genetic diversity. We propose that the genetic similarity among ancient and present-day Maya populations persists due to a strong sense of social cohesion and identity that impacts their marriage practices, keeping this cultural group isolated. These factors have constrained gene flow inside the Maya region and have impeded the differentiation among the Maya. Discernment of genetic differentiation within the peninsula is constrained by the lack of sampling documentation in the literature
Lack of alternatives to colonoscopy limits care of patients unable to complete bowel preparation
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Benech N, Vinet O, Gaudin JL, et al.: The ONECC Study Group. Colon capsule endoscopy in clinical practice: lessons from a national 5-year observational prospective cohort. Endosc Int Open. 2021;9(10):E1542-E1548. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1526-09231
for a patient with incomplete bowel preparation and colonoscopy