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The Extent of Medical Student Stigma in Healthcare Delivery to Populations Experiencing Homelessness or with Substance Use Disorders
Get PDFEvaluating the significance of medical student bias towards people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and people who use drugs (PWUD) in Detroit, Michigan.
Of the estimated 30,000 Michiganders experiencing homelessness, 5,000+ of PEH in Michigan reside in Detroit1,2. PEH suffered from a quadrupled rate of hospital readmission demonstrating the stark disparity in health outcomes among this population3. Additionally, 6% of the PEH in the state of Michigan engage in substance use1. PWUD have been historically stigmatized and subject to bias both within the healthcare system and otherwise, contributing to adverse health outcomes. Based on current literature, PWUD experiencing stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings have drastically negatively impacted recovery outcomes5. This “provider-based stigma” that PEH/PWUD experience is associated with internalization of biases leading to poorer health outcomes, increasing health comorbidities, reduction in treatment frequency, and lower quality of care4,5,6
This is an IRB-approved study (n=47) with medical student volunteers from a street medicine clinic in Detroit, Michigan. The survey recorded anonymized information about volunteers’ demographics, experiences, and attitudes toward providing care to PEH or PWUD on a 5-point and 7-point Likert scale.
Subjects were stratified into two groups, individuals who volunteered 1-3 times and more than 3 times. Students who volunteered more than 3 times were significantly more likely to agree with the statement “Individuals who are experiencing homelessness and/or housing instability retain autonomy in their decision-making that should be respected”.
This study was conducted at an urban medical campus where students are more likely to interact with PEH or PWUD compared to other medical schools.
Survey responses of students from both categories did not indicate significant evidence of stigma towards PEH and PWUD. However, respondents’ volunteer status may indicate increased exposure and thus increased empathy and support toward PEH and PWUD
The Origin and Dispersal of Austroasiatic Languages from the Perspectives of Linguistics, Archeology, and Genetics
No full textThe Austroasiatic (AA) languages comprise a large language family in mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and South Asia. Theoretical, methodological, and material constraints have limited research on the origin and dispersal of AA-speaking populations within historical-comparative linguistics. With the deepening of archaeological and genetic studies, interdisciplinary collaboration has become key to solving this problem. We review the latest hypotheses in linguistics, archaeology, and molecular anthropology and propose insights on the origin and dispersal of AA languages. The ancestors of the AA-speaking populations were suggested to be rice farmers living in the Neolithic Age in southern China. Between 3,000 and 4,500 BP, some of these ancestors who spoke Proto-AA migrated from southern China to northern Vietnam, together with shouldered stone tools and domesticated rice. They mixed with local hunter-gatherers and expanded to the south of MSEA, giving rise to the Mon-Khmer, Aslian, and Nicobarese populations. They also spread to the northeast of India to form the Munda-speaking populations. Another group arrived near Dian Lake in Yunnan about 2,500 BP, where they created the Bronze Drum culture with the Proto- Tai-Kadai (TK)–speaking populations and later spread eastward to northern Vietnam via Guangxi. Finally, the Proto-AA–speaking people who remained in southern China mixed with the Proto-TK–speaking groups from Fujian and Guangdong, leading to a language shift, which we hypothesize was one of the main reasons for the “disappearance” of AA in southern China
Practices and Challenges in Digital Holocaust and Genocide Education: The Case Study of the Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre ( JHGC)
No full textThe move toward digitization is certainly not a new phenomenon, however in 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 health pandemic and its several lockdowns, many museums, education centers, and institutions globally were forced to migrate fully to digital and online practices in order to continue their educational work and connection to the public at large. This presented numerous challenges as well as opportunities
Media Coverage of COVID-19 Mobile Phone Surveillance as a Non-Commemorative Site of Nazi Germany and Holocaust Remembrance
No full textAs part of its efforts to battle the spread of COVID-19, the Israel Security Agency (ISA, or the Shin Bet) has been authorized under Israeli Defense Emergency Regulations to track citizens’ mobile phone geolocations. This case became a fertile ground for multiple stakeholders negotiating the image and role of digital technologies within socio-political exigencies. One important arena in which these discussions took place was Israeli news outlets. A thematic analysis of 155 news items from Ynet, Ha’aretz, Walla, and Mako revealed competing frames that legitimized or criticized ISA mobile phone surveillance. One of these frames employed the memory of the Holocaust as an interpretive locus for unpacking surveillance practices and their outcomes. In this article, we show how invoking the collective memory of the Holocaust became a journalistic tool for unpacking current events (and specifically those related to digital media), enhancing their value, and stressing their weight where a national persona is imagined in times of a global crisis
On Friedman’s Citizen Spielberg
No full textCitizen Spielberg (2nd edition). By Lester D. Friedman. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2022. 416 pp., ISBN 978–0252044137 (hc), 24.95, 978–0252053078 (eb), $14.95
From Affective Schemata to Authentic Becoming: How Reading about Bodies Can Shape Our Mental Landscape and Philosophical Outlook; Postcritique and A. S. Byatt’s “A Stone Woman”
No full textFully crediting the “brain-body-narrative nexus” (Wojciehowski and Gallese 62) that shapes readers’ reception, perception, and processing, this article examines A. S. Byatt’s “A Stone Woman,” in conjunction with current research on the “extended mind.” I explore (1) how Byatt’s use of sensory-motor cues agitates readers’ affective schemata, (2) how this affective stimulation can influence mental responses and the reading experience, and (3) how Byatt thereby also influences attitudes toward the thematic content of the story, extending the wonder tale genre’s preoccupation with personal development and aligning with philosophical traditions that encourage readers to undertake their own process of authentic becoming