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Symptom Self-Treatment Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Heart Disease
No full textBACKGROUND: Among older adults, chronic illness is a common issue. More
importantly, chronic illnesses can have an impact on factors such as sleep, pain, itch, and overall
physical functioning. There is a limited amount of research describing and comparing selfreported
treatment methods for heart disease to symptom control. PURPOSE: The purpose of
this study is to explore self-treatment methods used by community-dwelling older adults with
heart disease to control symptoms. METHODS: For this prospective study a convenience
sample of 39 community-dwelling older adults ages 60 years and older were recruited from
senior centers in urban, rural, and suburban areas in Southeastern Michigan. Participants
completed a one-time paper and pencil survey. RESULTS: Thirty-nine community-dwelling
older adults met inclusion criteria and stated they were diagnosed with heart disease. The mean
number of symptoms reported by these older adults was 2.35 (SD=1.399) with symptom
category frequencies as follows: pain (n=33), itch (n=6), sleep problems (n=14), anxiety (n= 8),
depression (n=5), memory problems (n=9), and wounds/injuries (n=15). In terms of quality of
life, significant differences were found in role limitation due to physical health, role limitation
due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, and social functioning. IMPLICATIONS:
The self-treatment methods of symptom control utilized by community-dwelling older adults
resulted in improvements in their reported quality of life, specifically those related to the
physical, emotional, and social functioning of community-dwelling older adults
Contributing Factors to Surgical Decision-Making in Patients with Osteoarthritis
No full textOsteoarthritis is a joint disease that can lead to severe pain for the millions of people that it affects. Osteoarthritis is the wear and tear of cartilage in the joints that happens due to everyday life. Persons with osteoarthritis decide from many treatment options such as medications, therapy, injections, or joint replacement surgery. Depending on many factors, joint replacement surgery may or may not be the preferred treatment option. Using clinical surveys, this study aggregates determining factors for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis with respect to surgical decision-making. With the use of a biopsychosocial model-based approach to surgical disposition, determinants will be investigated. Findings from this study will provide significant indicators for physicians, and could possibly serve as decision aids during conversations about surgical treatment. Suggestions of future directions for this study will be provided, proposing ways in which components of this model could be analyzed. This work ultimately aims to bring new clarity to understanding the factors that go into optimizing health outcomes for persons with osteoarthritis. A well established decision aid may be beneficial in aiding patients to determine their most viable option and help mitigate the extreme costs of suboptimal disease progression and management
Benzodiazepine Coordination Chemistry And Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds From Reactions Of Carbonyl Alkynes With O-Phenylenediamines
No full textThe presence of heterocyclic compounds in active pharmaceutical ingredients and natural products implicates their importance to synthetic chemistry. Moreover, their inherent structures offer potential as metal-chelators. This work involved the design of simple methods for the construction of new nitrogen-containing heterocycles and to explore examples of coordination complexes. Benzodiazepines and their derivatives are biologically active heterocycles often prescribed as a treatment for anxiety, epilepsy, and insomnia. In addition, benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines are another class of biologically active heterocycles that are composed of moieties inherent to a wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Herein, the microwave-assisted reaction in ethanol of o-phenylenediamines with either alk-2-ynones or 2-ethynyl benzaldehydes was found to yield 1,5-benzodiazepines and benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, respectively. To facilitate selective coordination of benzodiazepines, new pyridine containing 1,5-benzodiazepine chelators were synthesized and combined with metal reagents to form new benzodiazepine metal complexes characterized by X-ray crystallography
A Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for the Coupled Stokes-Darcy Flow and Transport
No full textThe main focus of this thesis is on finding highly accurate and robust numerical methods to solve a complex flow and transport problem governed by the fully-coupled time-dependent Stokes-Darcy-transport equations. This problem has many applications one of which is groundwater contamination by pollutants transported via surface/subsurface flow. It consists of two main ingredients; the time-dependent Stokes-Darcy equations describing the flow, and the time-dependent advection-diffusion equation for the transport of chemicals via this flow. Therefore, the first part of this thesis is dedicated to studying the time-dependent Stokes-Darcy problem that describes the free flow and porous media flow on two different parts of a domain and their interaction at the common interface. We introduce a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method which provides exact mass conservation and pressure robustness and handles the interface conditions via facet unknowns. We prove well-posedness and a priori error estimates in the energy norm, and provide numerical experiments that show optimal convergence and robustness of the method with respect to the problem parameters. The second part deals with the time-dependent advection-diffusion equation where we again use an HDG method for the spatial discretization. We show the existence and uniqueness of the semi-discrete transport problem and prove a priori error estimates in the energy norm. A number of numerical experiments are presented for different boundary conditions and we observe optimal rates of convergence in each case. Combining the two parts by a sequential algorithm, we solve the fully coupled time-dependent Stokes-Darcy-transport problem. The coupling of the flow and transport is introduced by the dependence of the fluid viscosity and source/sink terms on the concentration and by the dependence of the dispersion/diffusion tensor in the porous media domain on the advective fluid velocity. Our sequential algorithm employs a linearizing decoupling strategy based on the backward Euler time-stepping where the Stokes-Darcy and the transport equations are solved sequentially by time-lagging the concentration. The well-posedness results and a priori error estimates for the velocity and the concentration in the energy norm are presented and numerical examples demonstrating optimal convergence and mass conservation are provided
How Physical Therapy Improves Functioning and Assists in the Recovery Process for COVID-19 Survivors
No full textPhysical therapy (PT) is the treatment of disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise, rather than by drugs or surgery (Physical Therapy, 2017). PT has been used in the recovery process from surgeries, to prevent surgery, and to regain or maintain mobility in the body (Physical Therapy, 2017). There have been many uses, applications, and benefits of PT and there are still more ways it can be implemented today, such as with COVID-19 survivors. The COVID-19 pandemic has been an ongoing outbreak since December 2019 when it was first identified in China (WHO, 2020). COVID-19 has a wide range of symptoms and effects on those diagnosed with it, including loss of taste and smell, fever, dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (WHO, 2021). Those who survive may be burdened with several lasting effects, such as prolonged fatigue and shortness of breath, and face a very long road to recovery. In this comprehensive literature review, the functions and benefits of PT will be explored in regard to COVID-19 survivors through the analysis of past implementations of PT following other serious illnesses. With the implementation of PT, it is hypothesized that the recovery process can be shortened, and the lasting effects lessened. Anyone who has survived COVID-19 and suffers from lasting effects may benefit from the results of this project. This is because positive results may indicate that PT is a viable option, as it could improve mobility after the illness or hospital stay as well as aid in improving some of the lasting effects, such as breathing problems