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Tree composition and structure in relation to urban park history and land-use in Hong Kong, China
Urban parks serve as the major ecologically functional urban green infrastructure in densely populated and concrete-dominated cities. Trees in urban parks play an important role in fully performing the function of urban parks. However, the dynamic of tree composition and diversity remained largely unknown. This study assessed the tree composition and diversity in 32 urban parks with different ages of the highly urbanized city, Hong Kong. In total, 2800 trees belonging to 181 species were survey in 319 plots across all parks. The tree species were highly dominated by 75.7% exotic species. Broadleaved tree species were more common than conifers and palms. Park history has an impact on the species composition and diversity. The trend of decrease of larger tree and the increase of smaller trees were found in newly estalbished parks, especially for some large native trees. The most common and dominant trees in urban parks have changed, with more ornamental trees planted in new parks. The species richness and diversity has also decreased in new parks due to frequently use of a few species in urban parks. Great attention should be paid to the change of species composition and diversity to avoid the abuse of exotic species and homogenization in urban parks
Molecular dynamics simulation on LiCl-H2O interfacial phenomenon for liquid desiccant dehumidification
In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to analyze the air-solution interface phenomenon of LiCl-H2O for liquid desiccant air dehumidification. Density profiles of ions in liquid desiccant aqueous solutions were plotted along the z axis, and distribution preferences of ions on the air-solution interface were studied. Besides, vapor pressure profiles above the solution surface were plotted, and the saturated vapor pressure was predicted and compared with the empirical data. It was found that water density remained stable in the bulk, and there was a sharp decrease on the air-solution interface. For the ions (Li+ and Cl-), a density peak was observed on the interface, which indicated that ions preferred to appear on the interface rather than in the bulk. When the system temperature was relatively lower, the chloride ions had more preference to exist on the interface than lithium ions. However, when the system temperature reached as high as 350 K, chloride ions and lithium ions had almost the same preference. When the system temperature was 300 K, simulation data of vapor pressure matched well with the empirical data. With the increase of the system temperature, the deviations became larger while the variation tendencies were the same
Plat Du Jour 名菜解構
Simply perfection
簡單成就完美
Chef Ringo Chan never underestimates what could be considered the simplest of dishes
陳永雄師傅從不看輕被視為簡單的美
Portrait of an artist 廚藝家
Notorious for eschewing meat and fish at his Paris restaurant Arpège, visionary chef Alain Passard is equally renowned for his inspirational role as a mentor.
因突然宣布其巴黎餐廳Arpège停止供應魚類和肉類菜式而名噪一時的Alain Passard,不僅自己擁有遠大的目光,在培育人才方面也成績斐然,麾下人才輩出