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On the Catenary Degree of a Numerical Monoid of Embedding Dimension Three
Get PDFThe study of numerical monoids is often done through the study of invariants. One such invariant is the catenary degree which is a measure between the different factorizations of - where is a numerical monoid. For embedding dimension three, we determine the set of catenary degreees obtained by the elements of . Additionally, we provide an upper bound for the fundamental period length of the catenary sequence - which is known to be eventually periodic - as well as an upper bound on the start of this periodic behavior. We conclude with several examples demonstrating these results
Latent Profiles of Psychopathology Among Hispanic/Latine Immigrants Involved in Immigration Proceedings in Texas
Get PDFDespite the growing population of Hispanic/Latine immigrants in the U.S., little is known concerning the potential impact of involvement in immigration proceedings on mental health outcomes (Congressional Budget Office, 2023; Garcini et al., 2016; Ryan et al., 2009). Gaining a better understanding of the mental health needs of individuals undergoing immigration proceedings is essential in informing clinical practice with these individuals. Using archival data from a study of 336 community members involved in immigration proceedings (Tellez, 2014), the aim of the current study was to use latent profile analysis to determine if individuals facing immigration court proceedings fell into different subgroups based on their psychological symptoms, as measured by the ten Personality Assessment Screener (PAS; Morey, 1997) element scores. After using latent profile analysis to identify subgroups, we examined how they differed on demographic characteristics (i.e., age of arrival, duration of time spent in the U.S., and immigration status), acculturation (as measured by scores on the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics [BAS]; Marin & Gamba, 1996), and PTSD symptomology (as measured by scores on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version [PCL-C]; Weathers et al., 1994). We identified a four-class model based on severity and type of psychopathology—Moderate to Marked Risk (class 1), Marked Suicidal Thinking (class 2), High Alienation and Withdrawal (class 3), and Mild Risk (class 4). There were significant differences between the four profile subgroups in terms of PTSD symptomology, but no differences for acculturation or background variables. Our findings provide novel insight into the mental health needs of Hispanic/Latine immigrants involved in immigration proceedings and highlight the need for further research to inform intervention strategies
The Importance of a Mental Health Interdisciplinary Team in Rural Jurisdictions
No full textMental health is an ever-growing social issue, not only in urban areas but in rural jurisdictions as well. Rural law enforcement generally does not have the same mental health resources that more populated places do. Because of the benefits, rural law enforcement agencies should hire and employ a Mental Health Interdisciplinary Team (MHIT) to help with mental health issues in the smaller communities as well. The MHIT gives mental health patients an improved experience with better resources, it can divert mental health patients from jails and the criminal justice system, and reduce calls for service time and repeat calls. The cost to start up an MHIT may be prohibitive, but there are external funding sources, and the cost will be defrayed in the long run. With a MHIT, case management can stop the revolving door appearance. A MHIT would be a benefit, even in a rural area.LEMI
EMPOWERING BLACK GIRLS THROUGH HIP HOP PEDAGOGY IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW TO SUPPORT CULTURALLY RELEVANT AND INNOVATIVE CURRICULUM
No full textThis systematic literature review provides a critical examination of the role of Hip Hop and Hip Hop Pedagogy (HHP) in shaping the educational experiences of African American female students within secondary social studies classrooms (grades 6-12). Drawing from an extensive body of qualitative research spanning 1999 to 2024, this study applies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to identify, analyze, and synthesize scholarly insights on the subject. The findings underscore the pedagogical efficacy of HHP in cultivating student engagement, fostering critical consciousness, and affirming cultural identity. Additionally, this review highlights HHP’s potential as a transformative and emancipatory educational tool that empowers students to navigate and critique systemic inequities. The study also looks into institutional barriers to the integration of HHP, identifying gaps in educator training and resistance within traditional curricular structures. Ultimately, the review advocates for the strategic incorporation of HHP into secondary social studies instruction as a means of fostering culturally sustaining pedagogies and enhancing educational equity
Implementation of Law Enforcement Programs in Schools
No full textSchool districts across the United States have increasingly implemented law enforcement programs and partnerships to improve school safety and provide positive interactions between students and police officers. Programs like the Dream Makers initiative in Spring Independent School District (ISD) allow students interested in law enforcement careers to be sworn in as junior officers and interact with police. While these programs aim to foster positive relationships, provide mentorship, and enhance school safety, they have also faced criticism for potentially contributing to the criminalization of student behavior and exacerbating the school-to-prison pipeline, particularly for marginalized students. This paper explores the benefits and drawbacks of law enforcement programs in schools, drawing on examples from Spring ISD and peer-reviewed research. It emphasizes the importance of carefully designing, implementing, and evaluating these programs, focusing on collaboration, data-driven decision-making, and continuous improvement. The paper also highlights the need to address broader systemic issues and invest in evidence-based practices to promote positive school climates and student well-being. Ultimately, law enforcement programs in schools should aim to create safe, supportive, and equitable learning environments that enable all students to thrive. This requires acknowledging these programs' potential benefits and criticisms and working to maximize the former while mitigating the latter through ongoing dialogue, evaluation, and adjustment.LEMI
Criminal Justice Land and the Involvement of 'System Misfits'
No full textResearch reports mental health disorders are 3 to 12 times higher among the criminally-legally-involved population compared to the general public. There are several potential explanations for this overrepresentation of mental health problems including the common co-occurrence of substance use among individuals living with mental health problems. Understanding the relationship between co-occurring conditions and criminal legal involvement is essential for prevention, management, and treatment. The current dissertation explores co-occurring disorder types, co-occurrence severity, and co-occurrence onset in relation to experiencing incarceration and incarceration length before and after the age of 18
Policing and Public Relations
No full textIn modern society, the intricate interplay between policing and public relations has emerged as a predominant concern within law enforcement agencies in America as well as other countries. The evolving and growing landscape of community expectations, technological advancements such as social media, and social dynamics to include culture have emphasized the need for law enforcement to pursue robust and positive relationships with the public they serve. This topic holds profound importance as it directly impacts public trust, cooperation, and, ultimately, the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts in maintaining safety and order. This paper aims to explore the multifaceted dimensions of policing public relations dynamics by examining the challenges, strategies, and implications for fostering mutual understanding and collaboration between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. Engaging in an age-old philosophy such as developing relationships between law enforcement and the community is rooted in the basic harmony between the community and authority. This paper revisits this process intending to understand what works and what law enforcement can re-engineer. Law enforcement agencies should focus on developing positive relationships with the community before a tragedy so that trust is already established and does not have to be built. If law enforcement agencies don’t create a positive message in the community about who they are someone else will create their message about who they are. Law enforcement agencies want to ensure the most positive and supportive information is being delivered by all available means and resources to impact the community.LEMI
Annual, Mandatory Mental Health Counseling for All Law Enforcement Officers
No full textThe stigma against seeking mental health help and support for law enforcement officers continues to cause many issues for individuals, their families, and law enforcement agencies. The rates of domestic violence, substance abuse, and suicide continue to rise within the law enforcement population. Many officers fear demotion, unpaid time off, or termination as possible consequences for seeking mental health treatment. Mental health counseling would provide the opportunity for every officer to better gauge their mental health and what further action they may need to take. Police officers lack education in mental health and may be unaware that they are suffering from unprocessed trauma. Law enforcement agencies could shift the culture by showing an understanding of mental health realities. Implementing mandatory annual counseling with a professional mental health counselor, with the clarification that the counselor does not report back to the agency, would be a huge step in reducing stigma and providing support to the individual officer. Confidentiality goes hand in hand with mental health counseling and getting the help a person truly needs to be on a healing journey from Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD) and stress that law enforcement officers see and experience in daily duties. Through this opportunity to get individualized mental health help and support annually, the stigma within the law enforcement community will continue to decrease, creating more opportunities for the well-being of the officers, their families, and the agencies as a whole. It is past time that law enforcement agencies should focus on individual officer’s mental health as a priority for themselves, their families, and the organization in which they work by implementing mandatory counseling sessions, annually for all law enforcement officers.LEMI
Precious Time: Exercising on Duty
No full textPolice officers face several obstacles throughout their careers. These obstacles deeply impact their lives. Unfortunately, the effects these obstacles pose will go unnoticed until sometimes it’s just too late. Several police officers suffer from depression and poor health. The police work factors that cause some of these conditions can be attributed to rotating shift work and the rollercoaster nature of calls for service. Officers, to maintain a personal life, are prone to make bad eating decisions and abandon any attempts to exercise. These decisions will impact the officer’s personal life. This paper argues that police departments should prioritize officer wellness by allowing officers to exercise on duty. By implementing a regular exercise program, police departments will be able to improve their police officer’s mental health, physical health, and decrease use of force incidents. Instead of having to find time to exercise, police departments should allow officers to work out on duty since being physically fit is an important part of the job. This mandate would increase morale, improve police officer’s mental and physical health, and decrease the use of force incidents.LEMI
Predicting Sexual Violence Perpetration and Examining Model Invariance Across Identities
No full textSexual violence refers to the coercion or manipulation of others into engaging in nonconsensual sexual acts. Sexual violence is a prevalent public health concern in the United States, and widespread public concern regarding this type of behavior has yielded scientific study of its characteristics. There are a wide variety of correlates and predictors of sexual violence, including childhood maltreatment, personality psychopathology, and hostile masculinity. Notably, individuals who identify as sexual and/or gender minorities (SGMs) report higher rates of childhood maltreatment, personality psychopathology, and sexual violence victimization, yet there is a dearth of research regarding the relationship between hostile masculinity and sexual violence in SGMs. The primary objective of this study was to establish a structural equation model that utilizes these variables to predict sexual violence perpetration. Secondarily, this study aimed to test invariance of the model between cisgender, heterosexual-identifying individuals and SGMs. Data for this study were obtained from a mid-sized, public, Southern university using completely online questionnaires. Measures of childhood maltreatment, personality psychopathology, hostile masculinity, and sexual violence perpetration were employed as indicators of the variables of interest in both a cisgender, heterosexual-identifying (CH) subsample and a SGM subsample. Preliminary factor analyses were performed to confirm the factor structure of a shortened form of a measure of hostile masculinity as well as a measure of childhood maltreatment. Confirmatory factor analysis also assessed convergent and divergent validity. Following this, the structural model was assembled, and model fit was tested. It was expected that the proposed model would be a good fit, have moderate predictive ability, and exhibit invariance between both subsamples. It was hypothesized that childhood maltreatment and personality psychopathology would predict hostile masculinity, which would predict sexual violence perpetration. Additionally, it was hypothesized hostile masculinity would mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and sexual violence and that the shortened form of the hostile masculinity measure would be validated in the same factor structure as the original. Hypotheses were only partially supported. The model predicted sexual violence perpetration through hostile masculinity in the full sample and SGM subsample, but the CH model was invalid. Additionally, while this study attempted to test model invariance, the models were not structurally identical; thus, the models failed the most basic level of invariance testing, and further analysis could not be conducted. The shortened hostile masculinity measure utilized in the final structural equation model retained its original configuration with the exception of one item. Implications, limitations, and future directions for this line of research are discussed. Results of this study may contribute to the understanding, prediction, and prevention of sexual violence