University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Controversially uncontroversial? Swedish pre-service history teachers’ relations to their national pasts
No full textAbstract
This article presents a study of how Swedish pre-service history teachers narrated their nation’s past. Previous research on national history education has generally focused on the treatment of conflicts in national history and what challenges that poses for history education. The present study seeks to complement and broaden this research through its focus on a country where national history is generally perceived as uncontroversial and the debate on national history is generally characterised by consensus, and on what strategies future history teachers use when recounting the national history of Sweden. Using a qualitative approach, we asked our respondents to “Tell us the history of Sweden in your own words” in writing. The study finds that the vast majority of the respondents approach their national history in a way that reinforces a traditional view of Swedish national history. These narratives are generally presented in a way that does not engage with or show how perspective and position affects our rendering of history, which has often been regarded as problematic in history educational research. At the same time, these results also show that our respondents are well familiar with the dominant way of perceiving the Swedish past, something that could also be argued to be valuable in history education, depending on how we choose to approach national history.
Keywords: national history, history education, historical consciousness, uses of history
Kontroversiellt okontroversiellt? Om svenska historielärarstudenters relation till deras nationella förflutna
Sammandrag
Artikeln presenterar en studie av hur svenska historielärarstudenter skildrade Sveriges historia. Tidigare forskning om nationell historieundervisning har främst närmat sig ämnet från ett konfliktperspektiv och undersökt vilka utmaningar detta innebär för historieundervisningen. Föreliggande studie söker att komplementera tidigare forskning genom att fokusera på ett land vars nationella historia generellt uppfattas som okontroversiell och där debatten om den nationella historieskrivningen i stor utsträckning präglas av konsensus, samt på vilka strategier historielärarstudenter använder när de skildrar Sveriges historia. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsansats bad vi våra respondenter att skriftligen”Berätta Sveriges historia med dina egna ord”. Studien visar att majoriteten av respondenterna skildrar den svenska historien på ett sätt som återger en traditionell syn på Sveriges historia. Dessa narrativ är generellt skrivna på ett sådant sätt att de inte visar hur perspektiv och positionering påverkar hur vi skildrar det förflutna, något som ofta ansetts vara problematiskt i historiedidaktisk forskning. Samtidigt visar studiens resultat att respondenterna är välbekanta med det dominerande sättet att skildra den svenska historien, något som även kan vara värdefullt för historieundervisningen, beroende på hur vi väljer att närma oss den nationella historien.
Nyckelord: nationell historia, historiedidaktik, historiemedvetande, historiebru
Religion of the past or living heritage? Dissemination of knowledge on Sámi religion in museums in Northern Finland
No full textIn recent years we have witnessed a growing contemporary use of Sámi offering places by various actors, for example tourists, the local population and contemporary pagans. Hence, sites that the heritage authorities and researchers have seen as belonging to the past have gained new relevance. Nevertheless, Sámi religion is often presented in museums in relation to history and prehistory. Sámi culture has been presented in museums and exhibitions since the nineteenth century. In pointing out that this long history of museum displays affects how Sámi culture is presented in contemporary museums, Nika Potinkara (2015:41) suggests that we can renew, comment on or question the old presentations. This article explores the representations of Sámi religion in four museums and exhibitions in Northern Finland, and will answer the following research question: How is Sámi religion presented and what kind of themes are present? Here museums are studied as arenas for the dissemination of results of knowledge production. What kind of image of Sámi religion do they share?
In recent years we have witnessed a growing contemporary use of Sámi offering places by various actors, for example tourists, the local population and contemporary pagans. Hence, sites that the heritage authorities and researchers have seen as belonging to the past have gained new relevance. Nevertheless, Sámi religion is often presented in museums in relation to history and prehistory. Sámi culture has been presented in museums and exhibitions since the nineteenth century. In pointing out that this long history of museum displays affects how Sámi culture is presented in contemporary museums, Nika Potinkara (2015:41) suggests that we can renew, comment on or question the old presentations. This article explores the representations of Sámi religion in four museums and exhibitions in Northern Finland, and will answer the following research question: How is Sámi religion presented and what kind of themes are present? Here museums are studied as arenas for the dissemination of results of knowledge production. What kind of image of Sámi religion do they share?
 
Challenges and tensions in collaborative planning of a student-led course on sustainability education
No full textAbstractStudent-led courses have been described as a promising approach to improve sustainability education. However, there is a lack of systematic studies about the benefits and challenges of such courses. This qualitative case study examines the challenges and tensions that arose in the planning of a student-led higher education course on sustainability education. The challenges were identified from the student course designers’ conversations and interviews using discourse analysis, focusing on their disagreements during planning. The identified challenges concerned sustainability and sustainability education, the course designers’ roles, and collaborative decision-making. To relate the challenges to wider discourses on these topics, five underlying tensions were recognized. These include the tension between participatory action and critical discussion approaches for sustainability education, and the tension between drive towards unanimity and agreeing to disagree in collaborative educational planning. Finally, it is discussed how, and to what degree, the challenges and tensions can and should be mitigated.
 
Border Militias: Experience, Narrative, and the Moral Imperative to Act
No full textNarratives of security and threat are continually used to justify morally contentious activities. In the past three years, the United States’ government has increasingly promoted narratives of “criminal migrants” and “immigrant invasions.” In response to perceived threats, the US-Mexico border has undergone a process of militarization. During this time, various border militias have continued to operate along the southern US border. My research was conducted over 11 months with two militias operating on the US-Mexico border I have labeled Border Watch. This militia provides a snippet of how morality is operationalized in the legitimization of actions and how morality is intrinsically linked to security in the lived experiences of its volunteers. In this article, I argue that the volunteers make sense of their experiences away from the border through the narrative espoused by the US government. The resonance between experience and narrative defines the latter as truth and the ability to dismiss counter-narratives. For the volunteers of Border Watch who adhere to a notion of citizenship through the lens of the citizen-soldier ideal, the narrative delivers a moral imperative to act in defense of the nation. Within the nexus of danger, security, and morality, the volunteers of Border Watch conceptualize their project as one in which moral citizens protect the nation and its citizens from an evil Other
On the Sensory Policing of Vices: Morality at Work in a German Vice Squad
No full textThis paper explores the policing of vices and offers a critical inquiry into the affective politics of policing practices seen through police and state ethnography, political anthropology, and the ‘affective turn’ in social and cultural theory. It shows how the moral worlds of policing sex work and performing raids in the red-light ‘milieu’ are constituted in the making of boundaries through visual, olfactory, somatosensory, and auditory sensations, which can be understood as normative performances in the realm of morality. Police officers do not engage in a neutral gaze but transform the sensuous into sensations that enact these normative distinctions between the ‘normal’ and the ‘abnormal’ – the morally questionable red-light ‘milieu.’ These practices can be read in regard to a morality that is conveyed in and through the officers’ sensational performances in an observingly affective and somatic manner. Morality not simply is but is being done—and performing affects and sensations plays a significant role in the making of moral worlds in the realm of policing. Raiding the red-light ‘milieu’ is a performance on disorder and order, on what is normal and what is not, and thus a deeply political practice that reveals how order- and boundary-making operates through basic sensations and feelings, of the sensuous, the aesthetic, and the somatic
Den digitale hverdagen i et finsk klasserom etter læreplanreformen i 2014
No full textArtikkelen presenterer funn fra en kasusstudie som ser på hvordan lærerne på en finsk barneskole praktisk realiserte den nye IKT-strategien i den finske læreplanen fra 2014. De sentralt gitte målene for strategien er felles for hele landet, men lokale handlingsplaner kan variere mellom kommunene. Utført i et finsktalende klasserom i Helsinki i løpet av et 3-måneders forskningsopphold høsten 2017, viser studien at den sentralt gitte IKT-strategien ble iverksatt i et pedagogisk og teknologisk miljø som var mangelfullt forberedt på de sentralt gitte kravene. Studien indikerer videre at læringen i den gitte situasjonen til syvende og sist ikke skjedde gjennom tilgangen på datamaskiner, men at den snarere var en funksjon av lærerens erfaring, ferdigheter og evne til å velge en didaktikk som er uavhengig av mulige begrensninger satt av teknologien
Nøkkelord: digital didaktikk, finsk læreplan 2014, IKT-strategi, grunnskole
English title: The digital everyday life in a Finnish classroom after the new core curriculum reform in 2014
AbstractThis study focuses on how teachers at a Finnish primary school handled the implementation of the new ICT-strategy in Finland’s core curriculum for basic education (2014). The core curriculum provides the common ground for the municipalities varying local curricula. Undertaken in a Finnish-language primary school class in Helsinki during a three-month internship in the fall 2017, the study indicates that the central ICT-strategy is realized and completed in a technological and pedagogical environment that was not sufficiently prepared for the reform. Moreover, the study shows, learning outcome is in the final account often less a function of available computers than of the teacher’s experience, improvational skills and ability to select a didactic approach independently of possible limitations imposed by new digital learning tools.
Keywords: pedagogical practices with ICT, Finnish core curriculum 2014, ICT-strategy, primary schoo
Constantine, the Lateran, and Early Church Building Policy
No full textIt is a common view that Constantine chose to build the Lateran basilica and baptistery in a peripherical position in Rome, far removed from public buildings in the city center, in order not to offend the pagan aristocracy. The aim of this paper is not to answer the question “why”, but rather to discuss categories like “public”, “private” and “temple” in the context of the fourth century church building in Rome, with a special attention to the case of the Lateran complex
The Oratory of the Forty Martyrs: From Imperial Ante-Vestibule to Christian Room of Worship
No full textThe Oratory of the Forty Martyrs occupies a strategic symbolical position between the Forum Romanum and the Palatine complexes. Its interior decoration is dominated by representations of the Forty Martyrs of Sebasteia, soldiers of the legendary Legio XII Fulminata. Would a cult to the Forty Martyrs, obviously prominent in the oratory, share any connotations with the pre-ecclesiastical use of the room as part of the vestibule complexes for the imperial residence on the Palatine hill? Though by no means complete, the information given in the primary sources tells of a continuous imperial virtual presence on the Palatine hill. A corresponding presence of the imperial scholae may well have been part of this continuity. The church complex of S. Maria Antiqua and the Oratory of the Forty Martyrs would have been the natural site for an official cult of the Forty Martyrs, and politically a timing for its introduction to Rome at the beginning of the seventh century would suit best
The Church Basilica
No full textThe debate over whether the early church basilica was “imperial” is bound up with many other questions, including the origins of the building type, and whether building types have fixed or only contingent associations. Krautheimer, for example, maintained that the imperial quality of the early Christian basilica was generally transmitted, as the church basilica was a descendant of the public basilica which it formally resembles, and which itself was in the imperial domain. Deichmann, by contrast, held that no architectural form has inherent meaning, rather buildings are constituted as Christian or imperial through use or posterior interpretation. Recent advances in semiotic theory offer a way around this impasse, by suggesting that the “basilica” is a discursive rather than a formal category, determined neither purely by form nor purely by use, but by a cultural and linguistic understanding; and that the properties of architectural space contribute to this understanding by thematizing culturally meaningful categories. Contrasting the Lateran Basilica to two earlier public basilicas, the Basilica Aemilia and the Basilica Ulpia, demonstrates a fundamental lack of resemblance without denying a possible genetic connection. Semiotic analysis of the Lateran’s interior suggests that it thematized many qualities that were also imperial but not exclusively so, including opulence, visibility, and power. It also thematized privacy – not an imperial attribute – and did not refer to the imperial themes par excellence, victory and military prowess
Lior B. Sternfeld Between Iran and Zion Stanford University Press , 2019.
No full textAnmeldt av Eirik Kvindesland