University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Museums as arenas for the production and circulation of knowledge on Sámi cultures, societies and identities
No full textNew Burushaski etymologies and the origin of the ethnonym Burúśo, Burúśaski, Brugaski and Miśáski
No full textThe etymological analysis of fourty-five new lexical correspondences between Burushaski and Indo-European that have come to light since the publication of the Burushaski etymological dictionary of the inherited Indo-European lexicon in 2017 (with 507 entries and as many derivatives) confirms the earlier stratification of the Burushaski Indo-European vocabulary. Most of the Burushaski correlations are with stems with wider IE representation, but a significant number constitute unique isoglosses with Slavic, South Slavic and the Balkan languages. The etymologies involve words that belong to the core and basic vocabulary that could not be borrowings. It is significant that there are 10 basic independent verbs. The phonematic correspondences are fully consistent with the material in the 2017 dictionary and the semantics is precise and direct. The correlation with 30 unique Phrygian isoglosses and 32 unique Slavic isoglosses and the Balkan material is explained tentatively as the result of a symbiosis between these two groups in deep antiquity in the make up of the likely Balkan ancestor of Burushaski
Caturviṃśati-Mūrti forms of Viṣṇu: Additional notes on Daśāvatāra and Dvādaśa
No full textThe Acta Orientalia (2012, 2015) in the recent volumes has published blue-ribbon articles on the Daśāvatāra-10 and the Dvādaśa-12 with special reference to the Tamil bhakti literature. An elaborate codification of the assemblage of iconographical forms of Viṣṇu is perfected in the Caturviṃśati-24. Philosophies, āgamas and [śilpa/vāstu]-śāstras may speculate on concepts of coagulated (cf. Stietencron 1977: 127, 137) forms of the gods (e.g. Ekādaśa-Rudras) and the goddesses (Sapta Mātṛkās and Yoginīs-64). Are they represented in the pictorial arts (Jeyapriya 2015: 101)? Daśāvatāra and Dvādaśa, the Mātṛkas and the Yoginīs have been supported by archaeological and art historical evidences. Do we find any visual corroboration for Caturviṃśati? The present article is an eye-opener. I am not concerned with Śiva and Devī
Zu einigen Beispielen für den Wegfall von „H“ in der ägyptischen Sprache
No full textIn this contribution, attention is drawn to the Egyptian elision of “H“. This phenomenon has been noted early on in research. Here, this basis is extended by 30 new examples. The material stems from writings of single words on the one hand and from plays on words on the other
Ski lifts, bowling balls, pipe system or waterfall? Lower secondary students’ understanding of analogies for electric circuits.
No full textElectric circuits are challenging for students to understand, and a wide range of analogies are developed in order to support their learning. This article investigates how lower secondary students understand four analogies presented in teaching material for science for Norwegian schools. The analogies compare electric circuits to a ski lift, a water pipe system, a waterfall and moving bowling balls, respectively. Data in the study consist of group interviews with 12 students in lower secondary school, about how they understand the analogies. Results show that students are able to reason about continuity and the concept of current in circuits based on all the analogies, but that the concept of voltage remains a challenge. It seems from the results that analogies relating voltage to energy transfer as an effect of height difference in a gravitational field are constructive, despite the need for the more abstract concept of field. In addition, the results demonstrate that weaknesses in how the analogies are presented may cause major problems for students in building a fruitful understanding. This kind of weaknesses are prevalent in the teaching material studied
Mestringsorientert klima – veien til høy innsats, indre motivasjon og karakter i kroppsøving
No full textDenne studien er basert på målorienteringsteorien (Achievement Goal Theory - AGT) og selvbestemmelsesteorien (Self-Determination Theory – SDT) som en teoretisk ramme. Hensikten med studien er å se på sammenhengen mellom oppfattet motivasjonsklima og de tre grunnleggende psykologiske behovene for autonomi, kompetanse og sosiale relasjoner i kroppsøving. Videre vil vi se på sammenhengen mellom, tilfredsstillelse eller frustrasjon av behovene og innsats, indre motivasjon og karakter. Undersøkelsen er gjennomført som en spørreundersøkelse på fire videregående skoler i Trøndelag med 231 respondenter. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) ble brukt til å analysere dataene. Resultatene viser at et mestringsorientert klima hadde en positiv sammenheng med tilfredsstillelse av de tre grunnleggende behovene, og at et prestasjonsorientert klima hadde en positiv sammenheng med frustrasjon av de tre grunnleggende behovene. Resultatene viser også at tilfredsstillelse av de tre grunnleggende behovene hadde en positiv sammenheng med innsats, indre motivasjon og karakterer, mens frustrasjon av behovene hadde en negativ sammenheng med innsats. Analyser viser at et mestringsorientert klima har en indirekte positiv sammenheng med indre motivasjon, innsats og karakterer via tilfredsstillelse av behovene, og at et prestasjonsorientert klima har en indirekte negativ sammenheng med innsats via frustrasjon av behov, og en negativ sammenheng med indre motivasjon via dekking av behov. Å sette mestring og utvikling foran prestasjoner og sosial sammenligning trekkes fram som et viktig element i lærerarbeidet. Det er også viktig å legge til rette for gode relasjoner, at elevene får valgmuligheter i undervisningen og at aktiviteter gir mulighet for mestring. Denne studien tar for seg forskning som forhåpentligvis vil bidra til økt bevissthet rundt motivasjonsklima, grunnleggende behov og innsats, indre motivasjon og karakterer på videregående skoler.
Nøkkelord: målorienteringsteorien, selvbestemmelsesteorien, innsats, indre motivasjon, kroppsøving
A mastery-oriented climate – the way to high effort, intrinsic motivation and performance in physical education
AbstractThis study is based on the Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a theoretical framework. The purpose of the study is to look at the relationship between perceived motivational climate and the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relationships in PE. Furthermore, we will look at the relationship between, satisfaction or frustration of the needs, and key learning indicators (effort, inner motivation and grade). The survey has been conducted at four high schools in Trøndelag with 231 respondents. SEM analyses were performed in Mplus. The results show that a mastering climate had a positive connection to satisfaction of the three basic needs, and that a performance-oriented climate had a positive connection to the frustration of the three basic needs. The results also show that satisfaction of the three basic needs had a positive connection to intrinsic motivation and grades, while the frustration of the needs had a negative relation to effort. Further, we have indirect effect from mastery climate to effort, intrinsic motivation and performance through need satisfaction, and an indirect effect from performance climate to effort through both need frustration and need satisfaction. Highlighting mastery and development instead of achievement and social comparison is emphasized as an important element in the teaching work. It is also important to facilitate good relationships, and that activities provide the opportunity for coping. This research will hopefully contribute to increased awareness of the motivation climate, basic needs and learning indicators of upper secondary schools in Norway.
Keywords: achievement goal theory, Self-determination theory, effort, intrinsic motivation, physical education
Humanitarian Aid, Security and Ethics: The Rise of a New Humanitarian Governance at Home
No full textThe article examines the relationship between humanitarianism, security, and ethics in the case of the provision of medical humanitarian aid by Israel to casualties from the Syrian civil war, between 2013 and 2018. We argue that this humanitarian project differs from the type of humanitarian intervention commonly seen in conflict zones and can be identified as a new form of humanitarian governance. Our case study deals with humanitarian care provided in the country of origin of the medical and security forces involved, rather than in the country of the injured. In this articulation of humanitarianism at home a new nature of life governance and new subjects of security, emerge. We argue that the politics of life shifts and is subordinated to two different ethical frameworks founded on two different logics: that of the human (as in the type of medical treatment seen in traditional humanitarian aid provision, which is often related to short-term immediate treatment) and that of the citizen (the standard of care provided to all official residents of Israel. The conflict between these two moralities, the shifting standard of medical treatment, and the new medical-security space – together, raise a new set of ethical and political questions
Setting the Stage, Framing the Picture; the Gilding and Polychromy of Late Medieval Altarpiece Structures in the North
No full textThe gilding and polychromy of the structural parts of altarpieces have largely been overlooked in art historical studies. However, these specific designs were important elements in the framing of the sculptural and painted content of the altarpiece complex. This article provides a detailed art technological overview of the gilding and polychromy of the supporting elements of the whole corpus of Northern German altarpieces in Norway. It highlights the medieval craftsman’s use of sophisticated materials and techniques, and proves that, in addition to being secondary props, the shrine decorations bore important meanings in their own right, containing intrinsic material and aesthetical values. Furthermore, the study found both change and continuity in the specific craftmanship throughout the late medieval period. Changes in the layering and three-dimensional effects have been especially useful tools in the correction of previously assumed dates of origin of several of the altarpieces. It is hoped that the results presented in this study, together with a new perspective, encourages further close analyses of the ‘backdrop’ of medieval altarpieces in future studies
Hva kommuniseres i forfattermuseer?
No full textWriters’ museums often privilege the biographical person of the author rather than their literary works. Here we present a model which can be used not only as a method of analysis, but also as as an inspiration that can help create productive tensions in the exhibition of biography and works in author museums. Our departure point is that the writer’s museum is a double act of communication, or more precisely a museal act of communication about a literary act of communication. Using Roman Jakobson’s model of the communicative act, we show how museums make visible or hide different parts of the communications network, as well as what complicates this network. We use examples from the Strindberg Museum in Stockholm throughout to make an abstract argument more concrete, referring to other museums and exhibitions to provide breadth where solutions and traditions are concerned. Writers’ museums often privilege the biographical person of the author rather than their literary works. Here we present a model which can be used not only as a method of analysis, but also as as an inspiration that can help create productive tensions in the exhibition of biography and works in author museums. Our departure point is that the writer’s museum is a double act of communication, or more precisely a museal act of communication about a literary act of communication. Using Roman Jakobson’s model of the communicative act, we show how museums make visible or hide different parts of the communications network, as well as what complicates this network. We use examples from the Strindberg Museum in Stockholm throughout to make an abstract argument more concrete, referring to other museums and exhibitions to provide breadth where solutions and traditions are concerned