University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Bærekraft i lærerutdanningen – å gi mening til frustrasjon og kompleksitet
No full textBarn og unge vokser i dag opp til et liv med klimakrise og miljøkrise. Dette må skolen forholde seg til, og lærerutdannere må reflektere over hvorvidt vi forbereder våre studenter godt nok til denne oppgaven. Denne artikkelen er en studie av innføringen av bærekraftdidaktikk i en større lærerutdanningsinstitusjon i Norge. Intervensjonen varte én uke og ble gjennomført innenfor rammene av eksisterende strukturer, prosesser og lokale ressurser. Vi utforsker hvilke muligheter, spenninger og hindringer som viser seg i intervensjonen med henblikk på å videreutvikle lærerutdanningen i møte med bærekraftutfordringene. Analysene er særlig orientert mot å få fram studentstemmer, med et empirisk materiale som består av gruppeintervjuer, spørreundersøkelser og videopptak av gruppearbeid. Lærerstudentene som deltok måtte forholde seg til kompleksitet med hensyn til både tverrfaglighet og bærekraft. Autentisitet var også et anliggende som trådte fram. Noen av studentene stilte spørsmål ved hvorvidt det tverrfaglige arbeidet i intervensjonen reflekterte bærekraftundervisningen i dagens skole. Studien indikerer at i lærerutdanningsprogrammer som vil romme både tverrfaglighet og bærekraft, er det nødvendig med strukturelle endringer. Hvis lærerstudentene er blitt fortrolige med tverrfaglige tilnærminger, vil de også bedre være i stand til å møte kompleksiteten forbundet med bærekraft som et ontologisk, normativt og politiske anliggende. Vårt forsøk på å innføre bærekraftdidaktikk i våre lærerutdanningsprogrammer har ikke ført til betydelige endringer, og bærekraftdidaktikk er fortsatt et begrenset perspektiv i disse programmene. Men gitt utfordringene som global oppvarming og tap av biologisk mangfold representerer, er det behov for raskt å få på plass større endringer.Abstract
Teacher educators must question whether we are sufficiently preparing student teachers to educate children and young people who will have to cope with climate and environmental crises. This article reports on the introduction of environmental and sustainability education (ESE) in a large Norwegian teacher education institution and is framed by the institution’s existing formal structures, practices, and local resources. We explore what opportunities, tensions, and obstacles emerged during a one-week intervention to reorient teacher education toward sustainability, drawing on several data sources, such as group interviews, surveys, and video recordings of student teacher group work. Our analyses emphasize the voices of student teachers in the analyses of this intervention. The participating student teachers had to recognize and negotiate complexity along both institutional and thematic dimensions. This complexity was related to both interdisciplinarity and sustainability. Authenticity also surfaced as an important concern because some of the student teachers questioned whether ESE in schools would contain similar interdisciplinary processes. The study indicates that structural transformations are needed in order for teacher education programs to accommodate both sustainability and interdisciplinarity as the student teachers are introduced to tools and resources that support their inquiries into complexity. If student teachers become familiar with interdisciplinary approaches, they will be better equipped to meet the complexity of sustainability, which involves ontological, normative and political concerns. Our attempt to introduce ESE to our institution’s teacher education programs has not led to large-scale change, and ESE remains a limited perspective in these programs. However, given the challenges of global warming and the loss of biodiversity, we contend that more significant interventions are urgently needed
Iterative deep learning for improved segmentation of endoscopic images
No full textIterative segmentation is a unique way to prune the segmentation maps initialized by faster inference techniques or even unsupervised traditional thresholding methods. We used our previous feedback attention-based method for this work and demonstrate that with optimal iterative procedure our method can reach competitive accuracies in endoscopic imaging. For this work, we have applied this segmentation strategy for polyps and instruments.Iterative segmentation is a unique way to prune the segmentation maps initialized by faster inference techniques or even unsupervised traditional thresholding methods. We used our previous feedback attention-based method for this work and demonstrate that with optimal iterative procedure our method can reach competitive accuracies in endoscopic imaging. For this work, we have applied this segmentation strategy for polyps and instruments
Regard enthousiaste sur "Ny fransk grammatikk - morfologi, syntaks og semantikk" (NFG) par Hans Petter Helland
No full textDans cet hommage à Hans Petter Helland, j’ai examiné deux sujets traités dans sa grammaire, Ny fransk grammatikk – morfologi, syntaks og semantikk (2006). En premier lieu, j’ai étudié la comparaison entre le futur simple et le futur périphrastique, un sujet de sa thèse de doctorat, Sémantique et pragmatique temporelles. Futur simple et futur périphrastique (1994). J’ai pu constater que, depuis 1994, Helland a modifié l’analyse sémantique de la périphrase de façon à rendre celle-ci plus compréhensible pour les étudiants. En second lieu, j’ai abordé les constructions hypothétiques, un de mes sujets favoris en matière verbale. Malgré quelques réserves, je trouve que la présentation qu’il fait est intéressante et très bonne d’un point de vue pédagogique
French
No full textLe point de départ de ce travail est le constat que le français ancien, qui contient des constructions à verbe en seconde position avec sujet postposé comme c’est par exemple le cas en norvégien, a également des sujets postposés à un verbe précédé d’un coordonnant, structure inexistante en norvégien. La construction à inversion du sujet avec coordonnant initial en français ancien est réévaluée ici. Cette construction a tendance à être analysée par les études existantes comme étant une coordination d’un verbe en position
syntaxiquement basse suivie du sujet in situ, et non pas comme une structure à verbe second avec le verbe en position haute. L’analyse est fondée sur l’absence de postposition de sujets clitiques dans les données analysées. Ces données sont cependant essentiellement littéraires, et au regard de l’attestation de sujets clitiques dans d’autres langues romanes comme l’italien, des données alternatives du français sont examinées. Ces données confirment que la construction ne relève pas du verbe en seconde position, parce que le verbe ne figure pas en position syntaxique haute. Elle illustre plutôt une coordination asymétrique, ce qui est courant dans l’ancienne langue, expliquant les divergences d’avec le norvégien et le français actuel
Naturvitenskapelige praksiser og tenkemåter – på vei mot et tolkningsfellesskap: Scientific practices– towards a common understanding
No full textScientific practices are introduced in curricula around the world, replacing the more general concept of inquiry. There are many different definitions of scientific practices, and the purpose of this article is to contribute to a common understanding of what scientific practices are and how they can be implemented and assessed in the classroom. We analyzed the Norwegian curriculum LK20 and found that teachers are mainly left on their own in how to interpret, implement and assess scientific practices. To address the lack of support, we selected a set of central scientific practices based on LK20, the research literature and international curricula and described the practices as explicit and close to teaching practice as possible. Implications for use are discussed, together with a call for other researchers to join the discussion
Rape culture in Classical Athens?
No full textClassical Athens had a culture of widespread sexual violence, where different forms of sexual misconduct were embedded in the normative framework. Numerous products of the city’s ‘popular culture’, such as mythology, literature and art, propagated the normalcy of rape. A large body of modern scholarship has correlated this frequency with the particular Athenian historical context during the Cassical period, underlining that ancient Athenians followed different standards and guidelines than we do for the evaluation of sexual behaviour. This article demonstrates that in Classical Athens the repeated representations of rape in literature and art were means to preserve the fundamental principles of the established male order. The power structure of the Classical Athenian polis fostered attitudes that remind us of the modern concept of ‘rape culture’. This concept, developed by feminist scholars to describe modern realities, reveals how societies can use culture to downgrade the moral wrongness of rape. ‘Rape culture’ will be used in this article as a model, or analytical tool, to reinterpret the Classical literary evidence on Athenian attitudes towards sexual assault. I will argue that this model makes better sense of the evidence than the now prevalent relativistic interpretation
Can Computers Automate Welfare? Norwegian Efforts to Make Welfare Policy More Effective
No full textInformation-driven automated systems that deliver services proactively to citizens in need are heralded as the next level of digital government. There is, however, concern that such systems make welfare services less accessible to some citizens. This study uses the case of Norway’s child benefit system to discuss the general obstacles to having welfare policies implemented by proactive digital systems. Norway’s automated child benefit system uses data from Norway’s national resident register to award this benefit to eligible parents whom the system identifies. As such, it is representative of many government systems that use registry data to perform tasks previously done by caseworkers. While the eligibility rules for child benefits are simple, and the register has sufficient data to automate most cases, many parents are not awarded the benefit automatically. This article argues that when developing automated digital services, public administrators are faced with a trilemma. Ideally, proactive automation should be (1) precise in its delivery, (2) inclusive of all citizens, and (3) still support welfare-oriented policies that are independent of the requirements of the digital system. However, limitations with each requirement prevent all three from being realized at the same time. Only two can be simultaneously realized: a public administrator must decide which of them to forego. Consequently, automated services cannot meet all the expectations of policymakers regarding the benefits of digital government. Instead, governments need to find ways of utilizing the benefits of public digitalisation without infringing on citizens’ right to be treated equally and fairly by the government
Anarchist Criminology: Mark Seis and Stanislav Vysotsky Interviewed by Václav Walach
No full textAnarchist criminology is not a new approach to the critical study of harm, crime, and criminalization, but it has been largely overlooked and gained serious impetus only in recent years. This interview features two scholars who have been at the forefront of this development. Mark Seis co-edited the volumes Contemporary Anarchist Criminology (Nocella, Seis and Shantz 2018) and Classic Writings in Anarchist Criminology (Nocella, Seis, and Shantz 2020), which bring together some of the key texts that utilize anarchist theorizing to challenge the status quo, both in society and in criminology. Stanislav Vysotsky has recently published his book American Antifa (Vysotsky 2021), where he explores, inter alia, militant antifascism as informal policing. The interview emerged somewhat unconventionally. Stanislav was interviewed first on March 22, 2021. The resulting transcript was edited and sent to Mark who was unable to join the online meeting due to technical difficulties. I received his answers on May 24. The following is a slightly shortened and edited version of the interview
L' ultima opera di Malvasia: 'Il Claustro di S. Michele in Bosco' e la decorazione carraccesca tra finzione e verità
No full textThe Carracci's decorative vocabulary (from the early Bolognese friezes to the cycles of the Farnese Gallery in Rome and of the Cloister of San Michele in Bosco in Bologna) made extensive use of anthropomorphic supports, especially telamons and terms. Painted with a monochromatic technique, they deceived the beholder for their effective imitation of marble sculptures that illusively jut from the surface of the wall. While art historical scholarship mainly discussed them in regard to their chronology, attribution, iconography and their relationship with the Cinquecento decoration systems, their early reception still lacks a comprehensive assessment. This essay aims to undertake it through the case study of Il Claustro di S. Michele in Bosco, the last art-historical work by Malvasia. A section of this booklet is dedicated to the chiaroscuro"Termini" flanking the episodes of the life of St. Benedict painted by Ludovico Carracci and his pupils in the cloister of the Bolognese Olivetan monastery. Giacomo Giovannini, the engraver to whom Malvasia commissioned the illustrations included in the volume, also reproduced these painted sculptures in four etchings. By referring to a central couplet from the famous sonnet by Agostino Carracci "in lode di Nicolò Bolognese", he characterized Ludovico's (and Reni's) telamons as Michelangiolesque in their contour and Tizianesque in their naturalezza, as opposed to Annibale's terms frescoed in the Farnese Gallery, whose style Malvasia considered too harsh and dry ("statuino"). In this essay, Malvasia's notes on the cloister's telamons will be compared to his previous critical works and will be contextualized within the seventeenth-century Literature of Art and the coeval reproductive printmaking. As I will demonstrate, Malvasia aimed to restore the central role played by Agostino and Ludovico in the renovation of this decorative style, a role that was obscured by Annibale's growing fame in this genre of painting, particularly driven by the prints after his frescoes in the Farnese Palace published in the second half of the seventeenth century.
On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021
Tales of saviours and iconoclasts. On the provenance of "the Dead Sea Scrolls of Buddhism"
No full textAcademic research on newly discovered ancient Buddhist manuscripts is largely based on objects that come from the antiquities market and to a much lesser degree on objects coming from documented and controlled archaeological excavations. Despite their being unprovenanced, collectors and scholars often present such objects with narratives mimicking provenance. The use of the label "Dead Sea Scrolls" attached to archaeological material without connections to Judaism or early Christianity is a prevalent example of this scholarly praxis. In this article, we deconstruct provenance narratives associated with the undocumented Buddhist manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection and discuss their implications for research on these manuscripts and beyond.
On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021