University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Ny rapport om selvmord i spesialisthelsetjenestene
No full textVurdering av selvmordsrisiko er langt fra nok. Flere grep må gjøres for å få ned selvmordsratene i psykisk helsevern og rusbehandling, ifølge årets rapport fra Kartleggingssystemet
Philosophy in the Narrative Mode: Alexander the Great as an ethical character from Roman to medieval Islamicate literature
No full textHistories of Arabic and Islamic philosophy tend to focus on texts which are systematic in nature and conventionally classified as philosophy or related scholarly disciplines. Philosophical principles, however, are also defining features of texts associated with other genres. Within the larger field of philosophy, this might be especially true of ethics and within the larger body of literature this might be especially the case for stories. Indeed, it is sometimes argued that the very purpose of storytelling is to reinforce and disseminate moral conventions. Likewise, the moral philosopher can be conceptualized as a homo narrans.The aim of this contribution is to apply the approach to narratives as a mode of debating ethical or moral principles to biographies of Alexander the Great. More than any other figure of the classical world, Alexander was religiously validated in the Islamic tradition due to his quasi-prophetic status as the ‘man with the two horns’ in the Qur’an. He appears prominently in the larger orbit of Arabic and Islamic philosophy as interlocutor and disciple of Aristotle and is adduced anecdotally in philosophical literature as an example to teach larger lessons of life. As a world conqueror, he provided an attractive model for those who sought to reconcile philosophical insight with worldly ambition.Focusing on biographies of Alexander, this article explores ethical principles which are inscribed in this body of literature and thus reads the texts as a narrativized form of philosophy. The analysis is comparative in two ways. Biographies of different periods and regions of the Islamicate world will be discussed, but comparisons with pre-Islamic biographies of Alexander (notably Roman biographies and the Alexander Romance) are included as well
From Norm Evaluation to Norm Construction: The Metaethical Origin of al-Ghazālī’s Radical Infallibilism
No full textThis study examines the issue of norm construction in al-Ghazālī’s thought focusing on the grounds advanced to support his radical infallibilist position. To fulfill such end, al-Ghazālī, I explain, relies on two types of arguments, the first one relates to the presumptive nature of legal texts in order to highlight their fundamental indeterminacy and the second links to the interpreter to show the impossibility to fall into error. To buttress these arguments, al-Ghazālī both draws on epistemological principles and metaethical ones. As it will be shown in the study, al-Ghazālī ultimately explains the divergence in interpretation of norms using the concept of ṭabʿ (nature, disposition or appetitive self) drawing on his well-known relativist ethical theory concerning norm evaluation and therefore brings in a unique way this typical feature of Ashʿarism within his own radical infallibilist theory of norm construction. The concept of ṭabʿ allows to bridge the gap between the ambiguity in the revealed text and the mujtahid’s interpretation in the norm construction process, and ultimately serves to justify ex post the choices made by the mujtahid. In doing so, al-Ghazālī assigns to theology a critical role in revealing the origin of the illusion of the jurists who naively think that licit and illicit are qualities of things themselves
Representations of Organic Production and Consumption in Customer Magazines. About Animals, Plants and People in Written and Visual Discourse
No full textDenna artikel tar avstamp i den socialsemiotiska multimodalitetsforskningen som utgår från att betydelser skapas i samspel mellan olika semiotiska system, som skrift och bild. I artikeln besvarar jag frågan hur djur, växter och människans relation till dem representeras i texter som handlar om ekologisk produktion och konsumtion inom den finska dagligvaru- och alkoholhandeln. Jag diskuterar även likheter och skillnader mellan representationerna i skrift och bild. Mitt material består av multimodala texter från tre svenspråkiga kundtidningar i Finland: Etiketten, K-Mat och Samarbete. I analysen redogör jag för olika semiotiska resurser och deras betydelsepotentialer i representationerna. Resultaten visar att representationer av det lyckliga livet av korna har en framträdande roll i marknadsföringen. Dessutom framkallar representationerna minnen från det förflutna och väcker konnotationer av den äkta och traditionella, finska matkulturen. I texterna betonas även den ömsesidiga relationen mellan människor och djur och människor och växter. Min analys visar att kundtidningarnas texter som helhet orienterar sig mot en verklighet där känslor och det sinnliga har betydelse.Denna artikel tar avstamp i kritiska diskursstudier och den socialsemiotiska multimodalitetsforskningen som utgår från att betydelser skapas i samspel mellan olika semiotiska system, som skrift och bild. I artikeln besvarar jag frågan hur djur, växter och människans relation till dem, representeras i texter som handlar om ekologisk produktion och konsumtion inom den finska dagligvaru- och alkoholhandeln. Mitt material består av multimodala texter från tre svenskspråkiga kundtidningar i Finland: Etiketten, K-Mat och Samarbete. Resultaten visar att kornas lyckliga liv har en framträdande roll i texter som handlar om ekologisk produktion och konsumtion. I representationerna framhävs även människans nära relation till djur och växter. Analysen av samspelet mellan skrift och bild visar hur läsaren ges en konsumerande position när representationer av idylliska gårdar förknippas med specifika produkter genom multimodala, relationella processer. Således bidrar artikeln till förståelsen om hur informerande och marknadsförande syften samverkar i kundtidningarnas texter.This paper is based on a critical discourse analysis and a multimodal approach to social semiotics that builds upon the idea that any act of meaning making integrates several semiotic systems, such as written words and images. The study explores how animals, plants, and human relations to them, are represented in texts relating to organic production and consumption in Finland Swedish customer magazines. The material consists of articles from three Finland Swedish customer magazines, published in 2016 by leading companies in the grocery and alcohol trade in Finland. The results show that the happy life of cows has a prominent role in the texts that deal with organic production and consumption. The representations also emphasize the close relationship of humans with animals and plants. The analysis of the interplay between two different representational moods shows how the reader is placed in a consuming position in the customer magazines when the representations of idyllic farms are associated, by multimodal relational processes, with specific products. Thus, the paper contributes to an understanding of how informative and marketing purposes interplay in customer magazines
Does the responsibility patients exert determine their opportunities for best clinical practice in the healthcare system?
No full textMany consider inequality in health unfair if it is caused by inequality within the healthcare system but less unfair when caused by individuals’ health behaviour. However, healthcare systems are challenged when it comes to ensuring equal care for equal need. In Roemer’s equality of opportunity theory, people have equal opportunity for obtaining something if obtaining it reflects their effort instead of their circumstances. Very little is known about how responsibility exerted by patients prior to illness affects the healthcare they are provided by the healthcare system. We aimed to apply Roemer’s theory to an acute care setting where healthcare is most directly in the hands of the healthcare system in order to study the role of patient-exerted responsibility for their opportunities in the healthcare system. We operationalised the responsibility patients exert as Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking and alcohol habits, and their circumstances as demographics, socioeconomics, prognostic factors and year of discharge. Opportunity in healthcare was defined as patients’ attainment of clinical guideline-recommended acute hospital care. In Roemer’s theory, we detected inequality of opportunity as restricted attainment of healthcare was mainly associated with patients’ circumstances, such as lower education, old age or living alone. We also identified a strong association with BMI; being underweight negatively affected patients’ opportunities as it led to suboptimal healthcare, while the opposite was found for being overweight and, in particular, obese. Hence, patient-exerted responsibility affected patients’ opportunities in healthcare, though perhaps in an unexpected way. This improved understanding of inequality may help to focus future research and, in the long term, support clinical and political efforts to achieve equal care for equal needs.
Published: Online March 2021
Lärares kontextualisering av ämnesinnehåll -Hybrida kontexter i NO-undervisningen: Teachers contextualization of science in schools - hybrid contexts in science teaching
No full textPrevious research has shown an increased student interest and enhanced learning when the school sciencecontent is related to other familiar contexts. This is particularly evident in intervention studies, whichaim to integrate the school science content with students’ everyday life. In this article, we analyse howteachers, in authentic situations, relate science content presented in lesson introductions to other contextssuch as everyday life or other school subjects. The data consists of observations of lesson introductionsin grade nine, from six different schools, in all eight hours of video recordings. The results point tothat teachers adopt a variety of ways in order to integrate the science content to other contexts, such asrelating to students’ everyday life, to different language perspectives or to other school subjects and therebyinitiate hybrid contexts. However, the results indicate that the teachers in this study initiate hybridcontexts to a low extent and seemingly ad hoc, in the moment. It is likely to believe that if students are tobenefit from contextualization as a means for enhancing interest and learning, learning activities need torelate science content to other relevant contexts in a more comprehensive way
Argument placement in Faroese
No full textThis article gives a summary of the Faroese data concerning argument placement in the Nordic Word order Database (NWD). Special emphasis is put on carefully describing the different conditions tested in the argument placement experiment, the experimental set-up, and the demographic information of the participants. An overview of relevant parts of Faroese grammar is also given, as well as a summary of the word order patterns found in the Faroese data present in the database. Finally, we discuss how the data in the database provides new insights to the grammar of Faroese, and how the data patterns in Faroese differ from the patterns observed in the other North Germanic languages
Museums as agents and settings for climate hope
No full textDespite the uneven distribution of the impacts of climate change, much of the World’s population commonly encounters climate change evidence either directly or indirectly. For many, the dread of a slow-onset disaster of such proportions can be overwhelming. As the emotional effects of climate change appear across society, some people are driven to action, some to inaction or paralysis. Museums could be key agents in turning these emotions into action and hope, but the work is new and the research uneven. The author describes her experience of the intersection of museum work and public emotions on climate change by exploring climate change psychology, museum-public engagement through exhibits, suitability of museums for climate-emotion work, and the potential for alternative museum approaches such as programming partnerships to create hope and foster action. She recommends research questions for the museum sector, and programmatic approaches for museums exploring support services for a public moving from grief and anxiety or despair, to hope.Despite the uneven distribution of the impacts of climate change, much of the World’s population commonly encounters climate change evidence either directly or indirectly. For many, the dread of a slow-onset disaster of such proportions can be overwhelming. As the emotional effects of climate change appear across society, some people are driven to action, some to inaction or paralysis. Museums could be key agents in turning these emotions into action and hope, but the work is new and the research uneven. The author describes her experience of the intersection of museum work and public emotions on climate change by exploring climate change psychology, museum-public engagement through exhibits, suitability of museums for climate-emotion work, and the potential for alternative museum approaches such as programming partnerships to create hope and foster action. She recommends research questions for the museum sector, and programmatic approaches for museums exploring support services for a public moving from grief and anxiety or despair, to hope