University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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An Explorative Journey Through Hadith Collections: Connecting Early Islamic Arabia with the World
No full textThe article offers insight into a fresh way to utilise hadith collections beyond criticising their material in terms of their authenticity or discussing their implications for Islamic law. It builds on a digital corpus of collections to represent the wealth of canonical Sunni, Shia and Ibadite traditions. In this first exploration of this corpus, the interconnectedness of early Islamic Arabia with other parts of world is highlighted through an analysis of travelling words, proper names, and concrete objects in a few case studies organised into five sections by geographical area. These include translation, a Wanderwort, and contact through commerce and trade. The methods applied to analyse the material are those of historical and comparative linguistics. The results indicate that exploring linguistic aspects of hadith collections—notwithstanding editorial revision and their canonisation—can inform studies of language change in Arabic and set the course to research the standardisation of Arabic.
Key words: Hadith Studies, historical linguistics, corpus linguistics, Middle Persian, Southern Arabia, Late Antiquit
Is the concept of culture a blind angle in the school subject Danish? : A policy and case study perspective on understandings of culture in Danish and Danish as a second language
No full textIn its declaration of purpose, a central aim of the L1 subject Danish is “to develop the pupils’ personal and cultural identity”. However, the variable and changing use of the term ‘cultural’ in the curriculum raises important questions of whose cultural identity the L1 subject Danish is supposed to develop and how. The answers to these questions play a central role, especially for pupils with a minority background. Based on the code theory of Basil Bernstein and a critical approach to literacy, this article studies the use of the concept of culture in the subject Danish and the supplementary subject Danish as a foreign language. On a macro level, the article examines the use of terms referring to culture and cultural identity in the national curricula. On a micro level, we use a case study to unravel two upper primary pupils’ attempts to understand and navigate the often implicit cultural norms of the Danish language classroom. The article concludes that the concept of culture in Danish is a tension-filled floating signifier pointing to both Danish national identity, aesthetic norms and linguistic variation. Regarding the case study, we show how the minority boys we have studied consider their primary languages, experiences and backgrounds irrelevant to the subject of Danish and how they adopt different strategies in order to strengthen their position in the classroom. Overall, the article calls for more didactic reflection on the significance of the cultural dimension for students with minority backgrounds and argues that critical literacy theory has interesting perspectives to offer.Ifølge fagets formålsparagraf er en af kerneopgaverne i dansk »at udvikle elevernes personlige og kulturelle identitet«. Det står imidlertid ikke klart, hvad det mere præcist er, dette kulturbegreb dækker over. Spørgsmålet om, hvordan danskfagets kulturbegreb skal forstås, og hvilke kulturelle identiteter danskfaget skal udvikle, har især betydning for elever med sproglig og kulturel minoritetsbaggrund. Med afsæt i Basil Bernsteins uddannelsessociologi og en kritisk forståelse af literacybegrebet stiller vi derfor i artiklen skarpt på kulturbegrebets brug og betydninger i fagene dansk og dansk som andetsprog. Analysen er struktureret i to dele. I makroanalysen undersøger vi, hvilke forståelser af kultur og kulturelle identiteter der kommer til udtryk i de gældende læreplaner. I mikroanalysen søger vi gennem et casestudie af to dansk-tyrkiske elever i en 6. klasse viden om, hvordan og på hvilke måder elevernes sproglige og kulturelle baggrunde får betydning for såvel lærerens didaktiske valg som elevernes egne aflæsninger af deres muligheder i danskundervisningen. Artiklen konkluderer, at danskfagets kulturbegreb er et åbent tegn med indbyggede spændinger, idet kulturbetegnelsen både peger tilbage mod en nationalkulturel forståelse og ind i sprogvidenskabelige teorier om sproglig variabilitet. De to caseelever oplever på deres side en stærk grænsedragning mellem deres primære kulturelle erfaringer og forudsætninger og skolens danskfag. Analysen viser også, hvordan de to elever anlægger forskellige strategier, der skal styrke deres position i undervisningen ud fra forsøg på henholdsvis tilpasning og modstand. Artiklen efterlyser et didaktisk sprog om kulturdimensionen i dansk og viser, hvordan den kritiske literacyforskning kan tilbyde relevante perspektiver
Folkeopplysning som ledd i en selvmordsforebyggende flernivåintervensjon
No full textEtter mange år med stabile selvmordsrater er det behov for økt fokus på tiltak som når lengre ut ibefolkningen. Målet er å gi kunnskap som kan øke evnen til å søke støtte og hjelp ved selvmordsfare ogpsykiske vansker som øker selvmordsfaren. Studier viser at folkeopplysningskampanjer kan ha effekt påbevissthet og kunnskap om og holdninger til selvmord og psykiske lidelser. Effekten av opplysningskampanjer på hjelpsøking eller forekomst av selvmord og selvmordsforsøk ser ut til å være sterkest når kampanjen inngår som del av flere tiltak som iverksettes på samme tid, en såkalt flernivåintervensjon. I denne artikkelen presenteres prosjektet «Folkeopplysningmot selvmord» som bygger på kunnskap om folkeopplysningskampanjer som ledd i selvmordsforebyggendeflernivåintervensjoner
The Typology of Representations in Computer Games
No full textThe aim of this paper is to explore how Peirce’s trichotomy of symbolic, indexical and iconic representations can be applied to computer games. I argue that if we use this classification, we gain the ability to make distinctions that game studies often ignore, or do not adequately grasp. To increase the descriptive power of Peirce’s trichotomy, I suggest two additional distinctions: the difference between external and internal representations, and the difference between diegetic and non-diegetic representations. I combine all of these distinctions to construct a typology of representations in computer games. I argue that the application of this typology to particular elements of games (instead of games understood as a whole) enables us to solve some of the problems caused by the relationship of games to the external world. A case study I use to illustrate how my typology helps to improve game studies discourse, is LocoRoco—an abstract game accused of containing racist imagery. I argue that the game publisher’s response to the controversy was inadequate, since the game content, due to the application of representational mechanisms, can be seen as racist even if its developers had no intention of creating such a racist content
Normative principles in newsroom innovation. The case of 360° video adoption by editorial knowledge champions
No full text
Technology innovation adoption is critical for the survival of news organizations in the digital age. However, it has been argued that innovations should not be adopted at any price in journalism. This explorative study investigates drivers and obstacles for innovation adoption of 360° videos in eight news organizations in Switzerland from the perspective of the knowledge champion in the editorial office. Based on interviews, we find that the question of what an innovation will change regarding resources, processes, and the alignment to professional norms is relevant at an early stage of innovation adoption. Potential monetary, audience, and company image benefits of an innovation become relevant for its proficient adoption. Knowledge champions carefully evaluate the new technology against normative journalistic principles and benefits for the organization. We argue that for understanding innovation adoption in newsrooms, the negotiation of professional norms has to be considered as this negotiation can drive or restrain innovation adoption. As journalists do not innovate at any costs but consider journalism’s societal purpose when assessing new technology, models of newsroom innovation adoption need to include the negotiation of normative principles
Experiencing Authenticity at Alvar Aalto’s Experimental House
No full textExperiences of authenticity are studied at Alvar Aalto’s Experimental House – today a modern house museum – which has gone through renovations and changes. Visitors were interviewed to find out how they feel about the authenticity of the place, if the changes affect their experience of authenticity, and if they share the same opinions. A review of the literature on the concept of authenticity is carried out and its implications for museum contexts is considered, and then the research questions are answered by analysing 30 interviews of visitors to the Experimental House.Experiences of authenticity are studied at Alvar Aalto’s Experimental House – today a modern house museum – which has gone through renovations and changes. Visitors were interviewed to find out how they feel about the authenticity of the place, if the changes affect their experience of authenticity, and if they share the same opinions. A review of the literature on the concept of authenticity is carried out and its implications for museum contexts is considered, and then the research questions are answered by analysing 30 interviews of visitors to the Experimental House
Lese- og skriveferdigheter ved oppstart i 1. klasse med vekt på bokstavkunnskap
No full textThis study analyzes the early literacy skills of a sample of Norwegian pupils in grade 1 (6 years old). The aim is to highlight central variables that characterize skills of pupils and what literacy skills they struggle with related to letter knowledge in the beginning of grade 1. The results show great differences between the approximately 20% of the pupils with lowest score in letter knowledge (n = 109) and the rest of the sample (n = 468) in various literacy measures, but specifically large differences are found in the variables of letter recall and phonological analysis. The results highlight some important variables that characterize the literacy skills of pupils with low mastery in reading and writing. This brings knowledge to teachers that can strengthen the teaching for this group of pupils.Studien analyserer de tidlige lese- og skriveferdighetene til et utvalg norske elever ved skolestart på 1. trinn (6 år gamle). Målet er å fremheve noen sentrale variabler som kjennetegner ferdigheter for elever i bokstavkunnskap, og hvilke lese- og skriveferdigheter de strever med i starten av 1. klasse. Resultatene viser store forskjeller mellom de ca. 20 % av elevene med lavest skår i bokstavkunnskap (n = 109) og resten av utvalget (n = 468), når det gjelder ulike lese- og skrivemål, men særlig er forskjellen stor når det gjelder bokstavgjenkalling og fonologisk analyse. Resultatene fremhever variablene som karakteriserer ferdighetene til elever med lav mestring i lesing og skriving, og gir kunnskap for lærere som kan styrke opplæringen for denne elevgruppen
Kartleggingsprøver i lesing: Tid for nytenking?
No full textA Norwegian version of this article has formerly been published in this journal:Walgermo, B. R., Uppstad, P. H., Lundetræ, K., Tønnessen, F. E., & Solheim, O. J. (2018). Kartleggingsprøver i lesing-tid for nytenking?. Acta Didactica Norge, 12(4), art. 7. https://doi.org/10.5617/adno.6499.
Abstract
At present, the national Norwegian quality-assessment system for basic education (NKVS) includes a range of reading tests with different purposes and designs, to be administered at various points during a 13-year period of schooling. In this article, we trace the historical background to the introduction of screening tests of reading in early education and identify a number of circumstances that call for a rethink of the overall test concept. Using data from a longitudinal study, we show that scores on a brief task administered towards the end of grade 1 predict reading-comprehension difficulties in grade 3. Taking that finding as our starting point, we discuss an idea for a possible new test concept that might have the potential to (a) improve the match between reading theory and reading-skill measurements, (b) enable longitudinal prediction, and (c) take less time to administer and be more useful in an educational context. The central elements of this new test concept are a short initial test meeting the primary objective of identifying students at risk of developing reading difficulties, and a follow-up explorative part to be carried out one-on-one, which will provide the teacher with information about the nature of each student’s difficulties.
Keywords: reading assessments, screening for reading difficulties, longitudinal prediction, early efforts, dyslexia, reading and writing difficulties, special-needs educationSammendrag
Som en del av det nasjonale kvalitetsvurderingssystemet for grunnopplæringen (NKVS) i norsk utdanning har vi i dag forskjellige leseprøver med ulike formål og utforminger for bruk i det 13-årige skoleløpet. I denne artikkelen tegner vi opp en historisk bakgrunn for innføringen av kartleggingsprøvene i lesing i begynneropplæringen, og peker på flere forhold som krever at man tenker nytt om dette prøvekonseptet. I artikkelen viser vi ved hjelp av data fra en longitudinell studie hvordan en kort oppgave gjennomført i slutten av 1. klasse forutsier vansker med leseforståelse i 3. klasse. Med utgangspunkt i disse resultatene drøfter vi kimen til et mulig nytt prøvekonsept med potensial for a) bedre samsvar mellom teori om lesing og måling av lesing, b) longitudinell prediksjon, og c) en prøve med forbedret pedagogisk potensial som kan gjennomføres på kortere tid. Sentralt i dette forslaget står tanken om en kort inngangsprøve som oppfyller hovedformålet om å identifisere de elevene som står i fare for å utvikle vansker med lesing. Denne følges av en utforskende del som gjennomføres en-til-en og gir læreren informasjon om hvordan vanskene arter seg.
Nøkkelord: kartleggingsprøver i lesing, longitudinell prediksjon, tidlig innsats, dysleksi, lese- og skrivevansker, intensiv opplærin
Using matching methods to account for selection bias in Norway’s Primary Care Teams (PCT) pilot
No full textNorway is piloting team-based primary care delivery models: Honorarmodellen (HM) and Driftstilskuddsmodellen (DM). In addition to organisational changes, the DM transforms provider payment, which seems to attract specific practices. This, coupled with the small number of DM practices, makes it difficult to produce credible evidence regarding the model and its effects on health system performance. I examine whether matching methods—specifically, coarsened exact matching, propensity score matching, and propensity score weighting—can improve evaluation in this demanding situation. As in previous studies on the small sample performance of matching methods, I find no clear best method. This suggests using propensity score weighting, which does not discard data. In the final section of the article, I offer additional advice to help improve the evaluation in similar situations
Grammatical uses of past participles in sports journalistic notes
No full textEste artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las construcciones en las que se utilizan participios pasados en notas periodísticas deportivas. Más específicamente, nos interesa determinar los usos gramaticales de los participios pasados en este género discursivo. Para ello, conformamos un corpus de veinte notas periodísticas de la sección deportiva de diferentes diarios panhispánicos. En el corpus, encontramos un poco más de doscientos cincuenta participios, a los que les atribuimos seis usos gramaticales que van desde la formación de tiempos compuestos y perífrasis verbales, esto es en su carácter más verbal, hasta participios lexicalizados en sustantivos y conectores discursivos, esto es en su carácter más nominal. Con este artículo pretendemos contribuir a los estudios de interfaz gramática-discurso, en particular en el ámbito deportivo.The objective of this article is to identify the constructions in which past participles are used in sports newspaper articles. More particularly, our purpose is to determine the grammatical uses of past participles in this discourse genre. In order to attain this objective, we consider a corpus of twenty sports newspaper articles of different Spanish-speaking newspapers. In the corpus, we find a little more than two hundred and fifty participles, to which we attribute six main grammatical uses that go from their most verbal character, i.e., compound tenses and verbal periphrases, to their most nominal character, i.e., lexicalized participles that have become nouns and discourse markers. With this article we intend to contribute to the studies of grammar-discourse interface, more particularly regarding sports