University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Hyper-ideal Sociality: Rushing Activities as Extreme Rituals of Learning Professional Conduct
No full textWithin the literature on ‘rushing rituals’ at institutions of higher education, there is a dominant focus on the creation of cohesion or communitas (Turner 1969) between students. This focus causes these rituals to be treated analytically as disjointed from the broader context of the institutional setting. Rushing is often treated as 1) something that figures purely on the level of students and 2) something extraordinary that is opposed to or the opposite of the ordinary life at institutions. Building on extensive fieldwork among students at the Danish Technical University, this article challenges the treatment of rushing as disjointed from the institutional setting. Through empirical examples, the article shows that students’ conduct in rushing is strongly informed by the professional ideals at educational institutions and it is argued that rushing activities can be understood as extreme enactments of these institutional ideals. Rushing activities are conceptualized as rituals of hyper-ideal sociality, that is, social scenarios where institutional ideals become grotesquely clear enactments that legitimize and teach students the social order of institutional life. Through a close analysis of rushing activities at the Danish Technical University the article exemplifies how activities such as partying, fancy dressing, games and competitions come to reflect the professional ideal of the institution and serve as ways to teach and rehearse specific preferable behaviour
The Video as a Canonization Channel for Contemporary Arabic Fiction
No full textWith the media transition from the paper to the digital, Arab writers’ interaction on the social media and book-related videos have become a central strategy of promotion. Besides book trailers produced by the publishers and the readers, the international literary prizes produce their own videos. One of the most important examples is the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) which releases videos with English subtitles for the shortlisted authors every year. Moreover, some writers and journalists have started TV programs or YouTube channels recommending books and interviewing their fellow authors. Engaging with literary history, politics of translation, and media studies, this paper discusses the contribution of videos to the contemporary Arabic novel’s canonization: how do the videos make the canon and its mechanisms visible? Which image of the intellectual do they shape globally and locally? Which linguistic varieties do they adopt?
This paper compares two kinds of videos to encompass the global and local scale, with their respective canonizing institutions and mechanisms. On the one hand, it examines how IPAF videos (2012-2019) promote a very recent canon of novels on the global scale through the representation of space, language, and the Arab intellectual. On the other hand, it looks at two book-related TV programs by the Egyptian writers Bilāl Faḍl and ʿUmar Ṭāhir, selecting three episodes (Faḍl 2011, Faḍl 2018, and Ṭāhir 2018) featuring or devoted to Aḥmad Khālid Tawfīq (1962-2018), a successful author of science-fiction and thrillers. Debating non-canonical writings, these TV programs contribute to redefine the national canon focusing on the reading practices and literary criticism.
Keywords: Canon building, contemporary Arabic literature, literary prizes, IPAF, TV programs, Aḥmad Khālid Tawfī
Vilkår for fleirspråklegheit i norskfaget – Ein analyse av læreplanar og lærebøker med fokus på fleirspråklege kompetansemål
No full textArtikkelen fokuserer på korleis fleirspråklegheit trer fram i læreplan- og lærebokdiskursar knytt til norskfaget. Korleis tematiserer lærebøkene fleirspråklegheit ut frå dei føringane læreplanen gir forfattarane, og er diskursen mynta på alle elevar? I eit kritisk diskursanalytisk perspektiv er det sentrale å sjå korleis ideologiske forhold vert reproduserte gjennom språk, og korleis makt skjuler seg i det usagte. Dersom fleirspråklegheit ikkje vert verdsett og anerkjent som ein ressurs for alle elevar i lærebokdiskursen, vil det vera eit utilsikta utfall som kan verka ekskluderande på nokre elevar. Analysen viser at det føreligg diskursar som kan verka ekskluderande i lærebøkene. Dette vert halde fram som døme på at det finst ein «skjult» læreplan når det gjeld handsaminga av fleirspråklegheit og fleirspråklege elevar i dagens norskfag. Manglande definisjon av nøkkelomgrepet «fleirspråklegheit» er ei hovudforklaring, men også at eit problemorientert og einspråkleg syn på fleirspråklegheit er rådande i norskfaget. Som andre læreverkanalysar konkluderer med, viser også denne studien at fleirspråklegheit er presentert som spesialtilfelle og ikkje som ein normalsituasjon (Loftsdóttir, 2009; Marx, 2014; Andersson-Bakken & Bakken, 2017; Niehaus, 2018; Kulbrandstad, 2020). Alt i alt er det fortsatt lite diskusjon og merksemd rundt lærebøkenes innhald og den rolla dei spelar som formidlarar av det som vert oppfatta som nasjonale verdiar og normer (Røthing, 2015b).
Nøkkelord: fleirspråklegheit, mangfald, norskfaget, læreplanstudiar lærebøker
Conditions for multilingualism in the Norwegian L1 education – An analysis of curricula and textbooks with a focus on multilingual competence goals
Abstract
The article focuses on how multilingualism is addressed in curriculum and textbook discourses related to the Norwegian L1 subject. How is multilingualism thematised in the textbooks according to the guidelines the curriculum gives the authors, and do the discourses seem to be aimed at all students? Within a critical discourse analysis, it is of main interest to look at how ideological conditions are reproduced through language, and how power is hidden in the unspoken. If multilingualism is not valued and recognised as a resource for all students within the textbook discourses, it will be an unintended outcome of the curriculum that may exclude some students. The analysis shows that there are excluding discourses in the textbooks. This is pointed out as an example of a “hidden” curriculum when it comes to how the L1 subject treats multilingualism and multilingual students. Lack of definition of the key concept “multilingualism” is a major explanation. Another cause is that a problem-oriented and monolingual approach to multilingualism is prevalent in the Norwegian L1 subject. This study also concludes that multilingualism is presented as special cases and not as a normal situation in school textbooks as other research has found (Loftsdóttir, 2009; Marx, 2014; Andersson-Bakken & Bakken, 2017; Niehaus, 2018; Kulbrandstad, 2020). In sum, there is still little discussion about textbooks’ content and the important role that they play as mediators of what is perceived as national norms and values (Røthing, 2015b).
Keywords: multilingualism, diversity, Norwegian L1, curriculum studies, textbook
- For 25 år siden trodde også jeg at vi gjorde det rette
No full textDen australske professoren Robert Goldney er djevelens advokat når han stiller spørsmål ved om nasjonale selvmordsforebyggingsprogrammer egentlig virker
Barn som mistar foreldre brått er ekstra utsette for psykisk sjukdom
No full textBarna som mistar foreldra brått i ulykke, drap eller sjølvmord må få ei betre oppfølging enni dag, meiner forskar Lisa Victoria Burrell. – Dei er ekstra sårbare på ei rekke felt, seier ho
Moral Value and Commercial Gain: Three Classical Islamic Approaches
No full textThis paper presents three theoretical accounts developed to assess the moral value and legal status of acts designed to promote commercial gain in the thought of major classical Muslim scholars. There has been an increased interest in Islamic commercial law and ethics in recent years. Much of the recent scholarship consists of practically inclined studies that tend to lump the Islamic tradition of evaluation of commerce under the principles of social justice and avoidance of harm. Our study of three selected scholars will reveal distinct approaches that are characteristic of classical Islamic ethical discussions: anchoring moral value in this world, attributing moral goodness to salvation in the next world, and finding a balance between these two approaches. Counterintuitively, we will see that the naturalistic view that ascribes moral values to things and actions was the most restrictive, whereas the dualistic model that focuses on salvation in the next world was markedly more permissive of commercial transactions
The Interplay of Religion and Philosophy in al-Tawḥīdī’s Political Thought and Practical Ethics
No full textAlthough modern scholars tend to be sceptical of the role of religion in the formation of ethical and political thought in the Būyid period (334/945–440/1048), this article argues that both philosophy and religion, as envisioned by al-Tawḥīdī and his contemporaries, played an integral role in its creation. The analysis shows that modern concepts such as ‘humanism’ and ‘political philosophy,’ as applied to these authors and their texts, are not felicitous to the social and intellectual contexts in which they were produced. Through analysing al-Tawḥīdī’s ethical and political thought, certain modern assumed dichotomies, including scientific enquiry versus religious teaching, theoretical ethics versus practical ethics, and the social versus the personal, are reconsidered. The article argues that a contextual approach to al-Tawḥīdī and his peers should consider the encyclopaedic system of knowledge that shaped their thought and the interdisciplinary nature of their work where religious, philosophical, and literary elements are intertwined. The article highlights al-Tawḥīdī’s political thought, his active role as an intellectual and his attempt to disseminate knowledge based on two main beliefs: the role of knowledge linked to action in social life and reform, and a solid sense of the religious and moral responsibility of the scholar to offer advice to the leaders of the community. The concepts that he uses, such as maḥabba (love) and ṣadāqa (friendship) with its four foundational components, namely the soul (nafs), intellect (ʿaql), nature (ṭabīʿa), and morals (khulq), addressed social and political challenges in Būyid society and produced alternative moral and intellectual responses to sectarianism, social disintegration and the decline in morality, which were characteristic of the Būyid era.
Keywords: Ethical political thought, Būyid, Humanism, Political philosophy, ʿIlm (Knowledge), ʿAmal (action), Ṣadāqa (friendship), al-Tawḥīdī, Ikhwān al-Ṣafā
In 2016 – How it felt to live in the Arab World five years after the "Arab Spring": Full text
No full textArrays, Codes, and Collapsed Codes of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds five years after the so-called "Arab Spring".
Results of a research project, carried out between 2015 and 2018 at the Dept. of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages (IKOS), University of Oslo, Norway, funded by the Research Council of Norway (RCN/NFR).
NB: Preliminary pagination, subject to change due to scheduled additions
“The System” vs. “The People”: A code of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016
No full textA cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries’ “culture” during the In 2016 project’s target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
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ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish | High School Exams | The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | The Policeman Criminal | Pop Music | Prison | Psychiatrists | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above | Zaḥma
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Normality vs. Heroism | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State) | True = False (Life in Limbo
True = False (Life in Limbo): A collapsed code of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016
No full textA collapsed code of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
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ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish | High School Exams | The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | The Policeman Criminal | Pop Music | Prison | Psychiatrists | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above | Zaḥma
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Normality vs. Heroism | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | “The System” vs. “The People” | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State