University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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«A-skole» eller «B-skole»? Målstyring og lærerprofesjonalitet i Osloskolen
No full textDenne artikkelen analyserer hvordan målstyring gjennom reformen Kunnskapsløftet (KL06) fortolkes og iverksettes av aktører på skolenivå, og drøfter hvorvidt reformen har endret læreres profesjonalitet. I samsvar med en transnasjonal, neoliberal reformtrend de senere tiårene, introduserte KL06 nye styringsmidler i det norske utdanningssystemet: Kompetansemålene i læreplanen, nasjonale prøver som måler elevenes læringsutbytte og ulike rettslige standarder og tilsyn holder skoler og lærere ansvarlige for utdanningskvaliteten. En slik ansvarliggjøring er særlig synlig i Oslo, der blant annet fritt skolevalg og offentliggjøring av elevresultater har bidratt til politisk og offentlig debatt om hvorvidt målstyringen har forsterket ulikheten mellom privilegerte, ressurssterke skoler (såkalte A-skoler) og marginaliserte, ressurssvake skoler (såkalte B-skoler). Artikkelen er en kvalitativ, komparativ casestudie av hvordan målstyring og profesjonsutvikling finner sted i to ungdomsskoler i Oslo, en typisk A-skole og en typisk B-skole. Med utgangspunkt i utdanningssosiologien tar studien i bruk Maroys (2012) perspektiver om den profesjonsbyråkratiske og den postbyråkratiske staten sammen med Evetts’ (2011) rammeverk rundt profesjonaliseringsprosesser i skolen. Det spesifikke forskningsspørsmålet er: Hvordan iverksetter A-skoler og B-skoler målstyring i sin lokale praksis, og hvilke implikasjoner har målstyringen for læreres profesjonalitet?
Empirien viser at politisk likebehandling kan forsterke ulikhet, og at dette former læreres profesjonsforståelse og profesjonsutøvelse på ulike måter i A-skolen og B-skolen. Årsaken er at målstyring som reformstrategi tar opp i seg både gamle og nye styringsformer når den iverksettes, samtidig som den overser lokale forhold når det kommer til hvordan lærerrollen endres med politiske styringsgrep. Artikkelen diskuterer sammenhenger mellom sosioøkonomiske forhold, lederstil og profesjonalitet.This article analyses how goal steering through the Norwegian school reform the Knowledge Promotion (KL06) is interpreted and enacted at the school level, and discusses whether the reform has changed teachers’ professionalism. In accordance with a transnational, neoliberal reform trend in the past decades, KL06 introduced new governance tools into the Norwegian educational system: The competency goals in the curriculum, national tests which measure the pupils’ learning outcome, and various legal standards and inspections that hold schools and teachers accountable for the quality of education. This form of accountability is particularly visible in Oslo, where governance tools such as free school choice and publication of school results have sparked political and public debates about whether goal steering has reinforced the inequality between privileged, resourceful schools (so-called “A-schools”) and marginalised, underprivileged schools (so-called “B-schools”). The article is a qualitative, comparative case study of how goal steering and professionalism is enacted in two lower secondary schools in Oslo, a typical A-school and a typical B-school. With educational sociology as a point of departure, the study combines Maroy’s (2012) perspectives on the professional-bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic state with Evetts’ (2011) framework on professionalism and professionalisation processes in schools. The specific research question is: How do A-schools and B-schools enact goal steering in their local practice, and what implications does this goal steering have for teachers’ professionalism?
The empirical findings show that universally applied educational policies may reinforce existing inequalities, and thus shape the teachers’ professionalism in different ways in A-schools and B-schools. The reason is that goal steering as a reform strategy absorbs both old and new forms of governance when it is enacted, but largely ignores local conditions when it comes to how teacher professionalism is changed by policy. The article discusses relations between socio-economic factors, leadership and professionalism
EM-Net: An Efficient M-Net for segmentation of surgical instruments in colonoscopy frames
No full textThis paper addresses the Instrument Segmentation Task, a subtask for the “MedAI: Transparency in Medical Image Segmentation” challenge. To accomplish the subtask, our team “Med_Seg_JU” has proposed a deep learning-based framework,namely “EM-Net: An Efficient M-Net for segmentation of surgical instruments in colonoscopy frames”. The proposedframework is inspired by the M-Net architecture. In this architecture, we have incorporated the EfficientNet B3 module withU-Net as the backbone. Our proposed method obtained a JC of 0.8205, DSC of 0.8632, PRE of 0.8464, REC of 0.9005, F1of 0.8632, and ACC of 0.9799 as evaluated by the challenge organizers on a separate test dataset. These results justify theefficacy of our proposed method in the segmentation of the surgical instruments.This paper addresses the Instrument Segmentation Task, a subtask for the “MedAI: Transparency in Medical Image Segmentation” challenge. To accomplish the subtask, our team “Med_Seg_JU” has proposed a deep learning-based framework, namely “EM-Net: An Efficient M-Net for segmentation of surgical instruments in colonoscopy frames”. The proposed framework is inspired by the M-Net architecture. In this architecture, we have incorporated the EfficientNet B3 module with U-Net as the backbone. Our proposed method obtained a JC of 0.8205, DSC of 0.8632, PRE of 0.8464, REC of 0.9005, F1 of 0.8632, and ACC of 0.9799 as evaluated by the challenge organizers on a separate test dataset. These results justify the efficacy of our proposed method in the segmentation of the surgical instruments
The Moral Obligation to Worship God Alone: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Analysis in the Tafsīr
No full textThis article examines how, in his al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) addresses the problem of the obligation to thank the benefactor (wujūb shukr al-munʿim) within the context of the Quranic command to worship God alone. The obligation to thank one’s benefactor was a contentious problem among classical Islamic thinkers before Rāzī, and it was frequently discussed in fiqh and kalām works in the context of the ontology and epistemology of moral values and legal norms. Rāzī’s analysis in the Tafsīr, however, sheds light on another way in which the “thanking one’s benefactor”-problem was of relevance for classical Islamic thinkers: it is used to frame the rationale for monotheism in terms of the gratitude God deserves for being humans’ provider. This aspect of the “thanking one’s benefactor”-problem has not been highlighted in the secondary literature. This article discusses how Rāzī’s analysis of God’s sole deservedness of worship has theological, legal, and ethical/moral implications. The theological implications are found in the questions it raises about the notorious problem of causality. The legal implications become apparent in Rāzī’s interest in the ratio legis of the Quranic command and in establishing that the obligation arises with God’s sovereign decree. The ethical or moral implications, finally, are seen in his concern with how humans come to know of the goodness of monotheism and the repugnancy of polytheism. The article contextualises Rāzī’s position in the Tafsīr against the background of the fiqh and kalām debates about the “thanking one’s benefactor”-problem
High School Exams: An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016
No full textAn array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
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ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish| The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | The Policeman Criminal | Pop Music | Prison | Psychiatrists | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above | Zaḥma
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Normality vs. Heroism | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | “The System” vs. “The People” | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State) | True = False (Life in Limbo
The Policeman Criminal: An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016
No full textAn array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
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ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish | High School Exams | The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | Pop Music | Prison | Psychiatrists | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above | Zaḥma
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Normality vs. Heroism | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | “The System” vs. “The People” | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State) | True = False (Life in Limbo
Psychiatrists: ...in Egypt
No full textAn array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
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ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish | High School Exams | The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | The Policeman Criminal | Pop Music | Prison | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above | Zaḥma
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Normality vs. Heroism | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | “The System” vs. “The People” | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State) | True = False (Life in Limbo
Zaḥma: ...in Egypt
No full textAn array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
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ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish | High School Exams | The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | The Policeman Criminal | Pop Music | Prison | Psychiatrists | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Normality vs. Heroism | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | “The System” vs. “The People” | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State) | True = False (Life in Limbo
Normality vs. Heroism: A code of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016
No full textA cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries’ “culture” during the In 2016 project’s target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
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ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish | High School Exams | The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | The Policeman Criminal | Pop Music | Prison | Psychiatrists | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above | Zaḥma
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | “The System” vs. “The People” | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State) | True = False (Life in Limbo
