University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Empirical evaluation of home-based reablement: A review
No full textHome-based reablement (HBR) aims to restore or increase patients’ level of functioning, thereby increasing the patients’ self-reliance and consequently decreasing their dependence on healthcare services. To date, the evidence on whether HBR is an efficient method has not been comprehensively reviewed. The aim of this study was to provide a concise summary of relevant existing findings. In addition, we provide a critical constructive assessment of the publications reflecting the extant research. The relevant literature on this topic was identified through a systematic search of appropriate databases. Thereafter, we screened the studies, first by title, followed by abstract and then by assessing full-text eligibility. A checklist of 15 criteria was developed and used as the basis for the quality assessment. In total, 12 studies from Australia, New Zealand, the USA and Norway were included in the full-text review. The studies reported estimated cost differences between HBR and usual care after the intervention. All the studies indicated lower costs for HBR, but not all of them reported a significant difference. The same pattern was also found for other measures of physical functioning and quality of life. The assessment revealed one specific common pattern: None of the papers scrutinized provided sufficient information about the data or the statistics employed, and all lacked external validity. Some promising results have been reported with respect to HBR reducing the need for specialist or residential care. In short, the existing evidence regarding the effects of HBR is still inconclusive. The findings from the quality assessment should motivate a multidisciplinary approach for future research on HBR.
Published: Online May 2021.
Paradigmatic innovation in European cultural journalism: the pursuit of sustainability
No full textThis article examines paradigmatic innovation (innovations in business models, mindsets and organizational values) in European cultural journalism. I hypothesize that paradigmatic innovation acts as a driver for innovations in product, process and positioning, and address two research questions: 1) How are the media innovating regarding their paradigm, both general and specifically in the culture section? 2) How does paradigmatic innovation affect the overall editorial positioning, including cultural scope and coverage, product and processes? Findings suggest that we are witnessing a paradigm shift in business models in the digital environment, challenging traditional boundaries related to editorial and branded content and expanding the revenue sources beyond the editorial core. I conclude that media innovation is firstly a paradigmatic innovation which impacts sustainability, the editorial products and processes, as well as brand positioning and extensions. The article proposes four types of paradigmatic innovation based on the analysis
“I’m just so scared of how I’m affecting the students.” Challenges and Possibilities of introducing Public Health and Life Mastery in the Norwegian Language Arts:
No full textI den nye læreplanen (LK20) ble folkehelse og livsmestring innført som tverrfaglig tema i norsk skole. Denne studien undersøker begrepsforståelse, skjønnlitteraturens betydning og didaktikk knyttet til temaet. Våren 2019 ble 13 norsklærere fra fem videregående skoler intervjuet ved bruk av en semi-strukturert intervjuguide. Den tematiske analysen av datamaterialet viser følgende resultater: Lærerne formulerte utfordringer ved å skulle operasjonalisere begreper som mangler definisjon i de offentlige dokumentene. Samtidig ga lærerne uttrykk for at livsmestring allerede er en del av norskfaget. Lærerne pekte på at eksamensstyringen vektlegger de tekniske aspektene i norskundervisningen, noe som begrenser muligheten for tematisering. Lærerne anerkjente potensialet for at skjønnlitteraturen kunne brukes for å belyse folkehelse og livsmestring gjennom å veilede elevene mot å finne balansen mellom nærhet og distanse til teksten. Dette berører begrepet den skjønnsomme leseren (Nussbaum, 2016). Lærerne pekte på hvordan skjønnlitteratur kan oppleves som personlig relevant, historisk aktuell og fremme empatisk respons. Bruk av skjønnlitteratur åpner også for å undervise om vanskelige temaer uten å være for personlig, men dette krever pedagogisk intendert didaktikk. Lærerne uttrykte behovet for mer didaktisk kunnskap for å skape denne balansen, særlig i møte med sensitive temaer. I forståelsen og formidlingen av det tverrfaglige temaet folkehelse og livsmestring argumenter vi for at det er behov for å fremme og utvikle norskfagets egen diskurs og didaktikk. Studien er tilknyttet videregående opplæring, men vi mener den har overføringsverdi til alle skoleslag.
Nøkkelord: folkehelse og livsmestring, norsklærere, litteraturdidaktikk, skjønnlitteratur, norskfagetIn the new curriculum for all school levels in Norway, the interdisciplinary topic public health and life mastery was introduced. This study investigates the understanding of the topic, the value of fiction and the didactics. In the spring of 2019, 13 Norwegian language arts teachers from five high schools were interviewed, with the use of a semi-structured guide. Thematic analysis shows the difficulty of operationalizing concepts which lack clear definitions in the white papers. Meanwhile, the interviewed teachers stated life mastery as already existing in the subject and they addressed that the restrictive function of exams could confine the opportunities to thematize the topic. The teachers identified fiction as a tool to highlight life mastery through guiding the students towards finding a balance between closeness and distance while reading, a phenomenon that Nussbaum (1995) describes as the judicious spectator. The teachers suggested that fiction could be personally relevant, historically important and that it could promote empathetic responses. The use of fiction to teach difficult topics inspires conversations that are not private, but this demands pedagogical intention. The teachers expressed the need for more pedagogical and didactic knowledge on how to create this balance, especially concerning sensitive topics. We argue that there is a need to promote and develop the Norwegian language arts’ own discourse and didactics in the understanding and dissemination of the interdisciplinary teaching of public health and life mastery. The study focuses on high school-level teaching, but we consider it relevant for all grades.
Keywords: public health and life mastery, teachers of Norwegian language arts, literature didactics, fiction, Norwegian language art
Skal auke kunnskapen om sjølvmord og rus
No full textI eit nytt doktorgradsprosjekt skal Martin Øverlien Myhre undersøke kva som kjenneteiknar sjølvmord i rusbehandling, og korleis slike sjølvmord skil seg frå dei i psykisk helsevern
‘The brain needs nutrition’: pupils’ connections between organizational levels
No full textPrevious research suggests that connecting organizational levels of biological systems is challenging forpupils. In the present study we investigated 122 pupils’ written responses to a question in a national biologytest concerning how nutrient molecules are adsorbed by the small intestine and transported to thebrain. We aimed to investigate what awareness the pupils have of the connection between the digestiveand circulatory systems. We mapped the pupil’s expressed knowledge by using content analysis whichwas performed in five steps including connection between the systems, organizational levels and scientificexplanations. We found that the most correct descriptions contained the highest number of connectionsbetween the digestive and the circulatory systems and linking of the different organizational levels. Themost correct descriptions included the highest proportion of the meso level. Therefore, knowledge at themeso level seems to be essential for grasping connections between macro- and submicro-level processes,and connections of digestion and circulation systems
Lærerstudenters misoppfatninger og læring om kjemiske reaksjoner: Student teachers’ misconceptions and learning of chemical reactions
No full textThis study has addressed misconceptions and the learning process of chemical reactions. 14 student teachersperformed a written test consisting of 28 multiple choice questions and after participating in fivechemistry classes the students were interviewed individually focusing on misconceptions and experiencedlearning events. Several misconceptions and hindrances for the learning of chemical reactions were identified.Some of these are previously identified, but two were more surprising; Three out of 13 studentswere confused when switching between the terms chemical “reaction” and chemical “change”, a confusiongenerated by a chemistry textbook. In addition, one student mixed up the symbolic meaning of theletter “C” in NaCl to C for the element carbon. Another student learned the profound difference betweentwo states of a substance when the symbols (aq) and (l) were used to differ between “dissolved in water”and “liquid”. Finally, the students identified dialogue and laboratory work as important for their learningof chemical reactions
CLARA Review: Berg, R. & I. Kuivalainen (eds) Domus Pompeiana M. Lucretii IX 3, 5.24. The Inscriptions, Works of Art and Finds from the Old and New Excavations: Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum 136, Societa Scientiarum Fennica. Vantaa 2019, 323 p.
No full textTwenty-five years or so have now slipped by since Piero Guzzo, then Soprintendente of the Archaeological Excavations of Pompei, called on the international community of archaeologists for help. Back then, this incomparable site showed many signs of severe neglect, and large areas were in urgent need of conservation work (more recently, the Grande Progetto Pompei has changed much of that). What made that neglect more reprehensible was the failure to publish adequately what had been excavated. Guzzo instituted a new policy of putting such resources as there were into conservation rather than new excavations, and appealed to the Italian and international academic community to help with the neglected task of study and publication. The initiative turned Pompeii into a beehive of international projects; among those who responded to the call were the Finnish scholars who had a long-standing commitment to the site. As Paavo Castrén explains in his preface, there was a long tradition in Finland going back to the philologist, Veikko Väänänen, carried forward by Heiki Solin and himself; now the University of Helsinki and Institutum Romanum Finlandiae took up the challenge
What if Imagination Were Real? Risk and Potentiality in Copenhagen-based Performance Art Examples
No full textThis article explores extremity in performance art from the perspective of an insider. The article contributes with ethnographic insights on liminality and lived experience in performance art, which is still an unexplored field of anthropological study. It investigates how the Copenhagen-based performance group called Sisters Hope intentionally evoke examples of (and for) a future Sensuous Society. It argues that framing is key to what Sisters Hope examples evoke and whether they ‘work’ as intended; as transformative counterparts to ‘the outside world’. While extremity may take on the appearance of shocking contrasts, it is also emphasized as a matter of blurry boundaries in the selected performance art examples. In this context, extremity is cast as radical risk and potentiality that shake or transform experienced reality. The paper argues that Sisters Hope participants navigate in what if modes where sensations in the present and hopes for the future overlap in utopian performatives here and now. Through engagement with performance art examples over time, pretend play can transform into experienced authenticity, and this may eventually reverse experiences of what is ordinary and extreme for the immersed participant. The paper ends with a contemplation on whether the transformative impact of performance art examples is limited by societal fear of the unknown
La memoria escenificada. Estetización de la memoria y su función
No full textThe present article is a reflection on the literary staging of a memory. Two cases are presented: Marco Denevi’s short story “La historia” and Antonio Ferres’ “El exilio del parque”. The first is installed in the simple fact of making an aesthetic object of memory (historical or personal), producing a confrontation between a ‘true’ discourse by ‘how it is said’ (through the rhetorical elements used) in contrast to another discourse that boasts of being true because it lacks adornments. The art of telling and its narrative and rhetorical strategies finally prevail; it is what the public believes. In the second case, a text presents us with the memorization of a Spanish exile, his childhood space (a park before the Civil War) which today has been transformed. There is a confrontation between the memory of what that space was and what it is today (true and falsified, respectively). The ‘park’ space becomes symbolic-metonymic of the entire Spanish nation, producing a symbolic aestheticization in the figure that the story itself constitutes as a whole.El artículo que sigue es una reflexión sobre la escenificación literaria de una memoria. Se presentan dos casos: el relato de Marco Denevi “La historia” y el relato de Antonio Ferres “El exilio del parque”. El primer relato se instala en el hecho simple de hacer de la memoria (histórica o personal) un objeto estético, produciendo en el texto una confrontación entre un discurso ‘verdadero’ por ‘cómo se dice’ (por elementos retóricos que usa, el de Homero) frente a otro discurso que se jacta de ser verdadero por —precisamente— carecer de adornos (el de Ulises). El arte de relatar y sus estrategias narrativas y retóricas se imponen. Es finalmente lo que el público cree. En el segundo caso un texto nos presenta la memorización de un exiliado español su espacio de infancia (un parque antes de la Guerra Civil) que hoy ha sido cambiado. Hay una confrontación entre la memoria de lo que ese espacio fue y lo que actualmente es (verdadero y falseado, respectivamente). El espacio ‘parque’ se vuelve simbólico-metonímico de toda la nación española, produciéndose una estetización simbólica en la figura que el relato mismo constituye como totalidad
Rettslingvistisk praksis i Norge: Et kritisk blikk på behandlingen av språkmaterialet i Bertheussen-saken
No full textHva er rettslingvistikk, og hvordan praktiseres denne formen for lingvistisk analyse i norsk politiarbeid og i det norske rettssystemet? I denne artikkelen tar vi utgangspunkt i hvordan språkmaterialet i Bertheussen-saken ble behandlet, og diskuterer hvordan kunnskapsbasert praksis innen rettslingvistikk kunne gitt denne behandlingen mer tyngde. Vi undersøker hvilke analysemetoder rettslingvistikken tilbyr, og fokuserer på språklig profilering og opphavsanalyse, og kommer med konkrete forslag til å utarbeide etiske retningslinjer for en rettslingvistisk praksis i Norge. Til slutt diskuterer vi språkets særstilling, i skjæringspunktet mellom kognitiv vitenskap og humaniora, og hvordan denne iboende tverrfagligheten påvirker rettslingvistikken som politimetode.
What is forensic linguistics, and how is this form of linguistic analysis practiced in Norwegian police work and in the Norwegian legal system? In this article, we take as our starting point how the language material in the Bertheussen case was treated, and discuss how knowledge-based practice in forensic linguistics could have given this treatment more weight. We investigate which analytic methods forensic linguistics offers, and focus on linguistic profiling and authorship analysis, and come up with concrete proposals to prepare ethical guidelines for a forensic linguistic practice in Norway. Finally, we discuss the special position of language, at the intersection of cognitive science and the humanities, and how this inherent interdisciplinarity affects forensic linguistics as a police method.
Keywords: applied linguistics; authorship analysis; Bertheussen-case; forensic linguistic; idiolect; profiling; threat