University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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La identidad heteroglósica como herramienta verbal-ideológica de análisis del discurso dialógico
No full textEl artículo propone una herramienta conceptual de análisis discursivo, denominada identidad heteroglósica, a partir de los postulados del Círculo Bajtín (Mijail Bajtín, Valentín Voloshinov y Pavel Medvedev). En primer lugar, se expone el debate acerca del concepto bajtiano de la heteroglosia y sus distintas lecturas interpretativas consecuentes. En segundo lugar, se elabora un contrapunto entre la identidad heteroglósica y el concepto de identidad lingüística predominante en las escuelas occidentales de estudios del lenguaje a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En tercer lugar, se construye la categoría para la aplicación discursiva de la identidad heteroglósica en contextos plurilingües partiendo de la teoría del dialogismo del propio Círculo Bajtín. Por último, se reflexiona acerca de las posibles vertientes de aplicación, en especial vinculadas con la reivindicación de los usos de las lenguas originarias en el continente latinoamericano.Abstract: The article presents the heteroglossic identity, a conceptual tool for discourse analysis based on the postulates of the Bakhtin Circle (Mikhail Bakhtin, Valentin Voloshinov and Pavel Medvedev). In the first place, the debate about the Bakhtinian concept of heteroglossia and its various consequent interpretative readings is exposed. Secondly, a counterpoint between heteroglossic identity and the predominant concept of linguistic identity in western schools of language studies from the second half of the 20th century is elaborated. Thirdly, the category for the discourse analysis of heteroglossic identity in plurilingual contexts is built based on the theory of dialogism of the Bakhtin Circle itself. Finally, it reflects on the possible fields of study, especially related to the recognition for the use of the indigenous languages in Latin America
Automatic Polyp and InstrumentSegmentation in MedAI-2021
No full textPolyp and instrument segmentation plays a vital role in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in that physicians visually inspect the bowel with an endoscope to identify polyps. However, recent works only focus on the accuracy of prediction in the positive samples while omitting the False-Positive (FP) predictions in the negative samples that might mislead the physicians. Here, we propose a novel Dual Model Filtering (DMF) strategy, which efficiently removes FP predictions in negative samples with metrics based threshold setting. To better adapt high-resolution input with various distributions, we embed the PVTv2 backbone to the framework SINetV2 as our model since the polyp segmentation is one of the downstream tasks of camouflaged object detection (COD). Experiments on challenging MedAI datasets demonstrate our method achieves excellent performance. We also conduct extensive experiments to study the effectiveness of the DMF.Polyp and instrument segmentation plays a vital role in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in that physicians visually inspect the bowel with an endoscope to identify polyps. However, recent works only focus on the accuracy of prediction in the positive samples while omitting the False-Positive (FP) predictions in the negative samples that might mislead the physicians. Here, we propose a novel Dual Model Filtering (DMF) strategy, which efficiently removes FP predictions in negative samples with metrics based threshold setting. To better adapting high-resolution input with various distributions, we embed the PVTv2~\cite{wang2021pvtv2} backbone to the framework SINetV2~\cite{fan2021concealed} as our model since the polyp segmentation is one of the downstream tasks of camouflaged object detection (COD). Experiments on challenging MedAI~\cite{MediAI2021} datasets demonstrate our method achieves excellent performance. We also conduct extensive experiments to study the effectiveness of the DMF
The Four Petty Kingdoms of Upplǫnd: Equestrian Graves and the Political Integration of the Norwegian Highlands in Late Viking Age Norway
No full textIn continental and north-western Europe armed cavalry – aided by the introduction of the stirrup – was closely linked to the emergence of feudalism but was this also the case in Scandinavia? Were the resulting military specialists linked to the growing national kingdoms, or to local and regional power spheres ruled by petty kings? I will investigate this in the historical region of Upplǫnd – the last Norse area to be integrated into the Kingdom of Norway by Óláfr Haraldsson around AD 1020. Two thirds of Norway’s 51 known equestrian graves are located in this inland area and I will employ a novel way of investigating their relationship to local administrative units, such as þriðjungar (thirds), herǫð (hundreds), and not least fjórðungar (fourths), as well as travel routes and settlements. There is little that suggests that these graves were linked to an early national aristocracy, and its ruling Scandinavian dynasty – Ynglingene – as has been argued in previous research. Equestrian grave traditions survived longer in Upplǫnd than elsewhere in Scandinavia, which was not Christianised until the 11th century, and it is unlikely that the buried had served the uniting and converting King Óláfr. It is also difficult to establish links between historically known lendr menn (the most prominent retainers of the king) families, and such graves. However, a new revelation is that the farms where such graves were located, were situated along the boundaries between local fjórðungar, which were judicial districts, as well as subsidiaries of local military administration in the herǫð. This suggests that these locations had important warning and supervision roles in local military systems.
Weapons in Legal Rituals: Between Myth and Reality
No full textThis article seeks to explore the significance of weapons in legal rituals mentioned insources, such as sagas and laws. Similarities in the phrasing of various types of sources givereason to believe that it is possible to determine certain uses of weapons in Viking Age legalrituals. Such rituals, which shared essential features with legal procedure, consisted ofsequences of activities involving phrasing, objects, and gestures to mark a transition fromone legal status to another, and they could also convey, and act as preservers of, legal meaning.Examples show that oaths were sworn on weapons, and that they conferred legal validityat the assembly (vápnatak). Old Norse mythology explained and legitimised key valuesin society, and through it everyday people found a template for how to use weapons in legalrituals. Rituals are however dynamic, and hence the ritual objects may change over time. Inthe Viking Age weapons were objects laden with meaning, and it was probably the introductionof Christianity that led to them being banned from further use in legal ritual.This article seeks to explore the significance of weapons in legal rituals mentioned in sources, such as sagas and laws. Similarities in the phrasing of various types of sources give reason to believe that it is possible to determine certain uses of weapons in Viking Age legal rituals. Such rituals, which shared essential features with legal procedure, consisted of sequences of activities involving phrasing, objects, and gestures to mark a transition from one legal status to another, and they could also convey, and act as preservers of, legal meaning. Examples show that oaths were sworn on weapons, and that they conferred legal validity at the assembly (vápnatak). Old Norse mythology explained and legitimised key values in society, and through it everyday people found a template for how to use weapons in legal rituals. Rituals are however dynamic, and hence the ritual objects may change over time. In the Viking Age weapons were objects laden with meaning, and it was probably the introduction of Christianity that led to them being banned from further use in legal ritual
Vin og ekstase i svart og rødt. Attiske vaser med Dionysos og menader i norske antikksamlinger (580–430 f.Kr.)
No full textWine and Ecstasy in Black and Red. Attic vases with Dionysos and Meanads in Norwegian collections. Depictions of Dionysus and his followers the Meanads are the most common images used in Greek Attic vase paintings. Wine-drinking is seen in relationship with the ecstasy of the Maenads and as part of becoming ecstatic. New theoretical perspectives give a fresh understanding of these scenes - suggesting that they portrayed and played an important role in Dionysian ritual and ecstasy. The Meanads achieved ecstasy by drinking wine, seen as a metaphor of the wine god Dionysus, and thus become a part of the god in moments of ecstasy. According to Van Gennep´s rites de passage, the liminal phase was an essential part of religious rituals, and the article concludes that it is the liminal phase of reaching a higher level - being at one with the divine - that is depicted in the selected vases. It is also suggested that, while drunk, the men of the symposium felt the same connection with the divine as the Maenads did during their ecstatic experiences. Ethnographic parallels show how these rituals were carried out, and indicate the symbolic role of Maenads in the rituals of the symposium. Pieces from Norwegian collections are revealed as relevant and representative examples of Dionysian iconography
How relationships between views, understandings, and implementations of inquiry-based teaching in biology contribute to science teacher identity
No full textThis study examines the relationships between preservice primary teachers’ (PSTs) views, understandings, and implementations of inquiry-based teaching (IBT) in primary biology education. In earlier studies, these relationships have been researched separately. Exploring them simultaneously allows a greater insight into the process of teacher change and science teacher identity development. Drawing on the narrative method, data included learning diaries, lesson plans, and interviews during a two year research period. Our findings reveal the complex relationships between three aspects of IBT. For example, embracing views of IBT were sometimes accompanied by a significant understanding of IBT and other times by a weak understanding. Whereas, hesitant views of IBT also went together with significant understanding. We discuss these relationships in the light of their impact on science teacher identity and provide suggestions for teacher education
Kindergarten Teacher Students’ Knowledge Regarding Crucial Environmental Challenges
No full textGlobal warming and a decline in pollinating insects are among the most crucial challenges today and a sufficient degree of scientific literacy is required for citizens in order to understand these issues and take action for sustainable development in general. Several studies have investigated knowledge associated with the greenhouse effect and the effect of the ozone layer. These have deduced that despite improvement in teaching tools, a high proportion of pupils and students still confuse these two phenomena. Previous research has also shown that plant biology is a neglected subject and students struggle to differentiate between pollination and seed dispersal. This study investigates the understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying global climate change and pollination by conducting a survey with four classes of Norwegian kindergarten teacher students, at the beginning of the academic year (n = 103), and by asking follow-up questions after completed teaching (n = 111). It was observed that approximately 40 percent of the students confused the greenhouse effect with the effect of the hole in the ozone layer. One fifth of the students mentioned photosynthesis while describing the importance of the Sun for life on Earth. About one third of them connected pollen to plant reproduction and two thirds believed that pollen is seeds. A survey at the end of the academic year showed that a substantial proportion of the students displayed teaching resilience. These results can be interpreted in the light of constructivist learning theory and might partly be explained by the role mass media play in influencing scientific literacy. For future citizens to make informed decisions, ecological issues should be prioritised in education
Pedagogisk arbeid med grunnverdien tilgivelse: Mellom skolens formål og de unges erfaring
No full textForgiveness is one of the core values in the Norwegian Education Act §1 and in the Overarching part of the national curriculum. Empirical research has shown that forgiveness has both mental and physical health benefits. Thus, there are good reasons for working pedagogically with forgiveness in school and teacher education. This article analyzes and compares four examples of respectively psychological and philosophical approaches to such work. Despite differences, all approaches proved to have good effect. However, this does not automatically mean that it is ethically justifiable to apply them on a general level in school and teacher education, because forgiveness can concern children and young people at their most vulnerable. This problem is discussed towards the end of the article, in the effort to answer its main question: What is good pedagogical work with school’s core value forgiveness?
Key words: Aims of education, forgiveness, pedagogical work, pedagogical philosophy, Dialogos, philosophical dialogue, life skill, core valueTilgivelse er en av grunnverdiene i Opplæringslovens §1 (Formålsparagrafen) og Overordnet del av læreplanverket. Empirisk forskning antyder at tilgivelse har både psykiske og fysiske helsemessige gevinster. Det er derfor gode grunner til å arbeide pedagogisk med tilgivelse i skole og lærerutdanning. I denne artikkelen analyseres og sammenliknes derfor fire eksempler på henholdsvis psykologiske og filosofiske tilnærminger til slikt arbeid. Til tross for ulikheter viste alle tilnærmingene god effekt. Det betyr imidlertid ikke at det uten videre er etisk forsvarlig å innføre dem på generelt grunnlag i skole og lærerutdanning, da fenomenet tilgivelse kan berøre barn og unge i deres ytterste sårbarhet. Dette problemet drøftes til slutt i bestrebelsene etter å svare på artikkelens problemstilling: Hva er godt pedagogisk arbeid med skolens grunnverdi tilgivelse?
Nøkkelord: Skolens formål, tilgivelse, pedagogisk arbeid, pedagogisk filosofi, Dialogos, filosofisk dialo
The antiquities market we deserve: 'Royal-Athena Galleries' (1942-2020)
No full textOn September 13, 2020 a quarter of a century had elapsed since the Swiss and Italian authorities raid in the Free Port of Geneva, on the warehouses of Giacomo Medici, later convicted of involvement in cases of trafficked antiquities. Since then, many other raids followed on properties of other notorious antiquities traffickers, thousands of antiquities were confiscated from them and their invaluable archives were discovered and seized. The research on these archives resulted in hundreds of notable repatriations so far, but mainly in the enrichment of our knowledge about the criminal way in which the so-called ‘reputable’ members of the international antiquities market have been acting since the 1970 UNESCO Convention, which they completely ignored in practice. Despite the numerous occasions on which these ‘reputable’ members were identified as involved, even today they continue to act in the same way, some without any (or known) legal sanctions. This chapter reviews the illicit associations of one of these ‘prominent’ members of the international antiquities market, the ‘Royal-Athena Galleries’ in New York, a gallery run by the antiquities dealer Jerome Eisenberg, who has repeatedly been found selling looted, smuggled and stolen antiquities. I then present seven antiquities, most of them identified in October 2019, one in March 2020, soon before the retirement of Jerome Eisenberg and the closure of ‘Royal-Athena Galleries’ on October 31, 2020. This piece lays out all the relevant evidence from the confiscated archives and combines everyone involved to illustrate the network that ‘circulated’ these seven objects. This case study also highlights all the problems that are ongoing in this research field, proving that essentially nothing has changed since 1995, or even 1970, and we indeed deserve the (illicit) antiquities market we still have.
On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021