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論從上古到中古的字調流變現象
Get PDF字調流變是指從上古到中古的語音演變過程中個别字的調類轉移。要確定某字的上古調類，可資利用的材料有上古韻文及通假字。周祖謨先生據上古韻文考證出了若干中古爲上、去聲，上古惟讀平聲的古今異調字。本文據簡帛通假補苴周説，同時結合經籍舊注、漢魏六朝韻文嘗試勾勒這些字聲調流變的過程。關於字調流變的原因，有些可能與變調構詞有關，有些尚需深入研究。聲調源於韻尾假説，其後置韻尾的構擬與中古調類一一對應，難以解釋字調流變現象。
Sporadic tonal conversion refers to the phenomenon that a small amount of characters belonging to one tone in Old Chinese evolved into another tone in Middle Chinese. There are two kinds of documents which can be used for the identification of the tone of a character in Old Chinese, i.e., verse and phonetic loan characters. In this paper, we made in-depth exploration of the phonetic loan characters from the inscriptions on bamboo slips, old annotations of classics and verse to outline the process of sporadic tonal conversion. And the reasons why this conversion happened were also discussed
Being an employee and an entrepreneur simultaneously : two essays on hybrid entrepreneurs’ wage work and entrepreneurial work outcomes
Get PDFIn this dissertation, I examine the effects of venturing activities on hybrid entrepreneurs’ wage work and venture work outcomes through the development of two inter-related empirical essays. In Essay 1, I examine how different levels and congruence of hybrid entrepreneurs’ wage work and entrepreneurial identities influence their effort and subsequent performance in both wage work and entrepreneurial work roles. Specifically, I examine how wage work and entrepreneurial work effort are affected when one identity is higher than the other as well as how they are affected when both wage work and entrepreneurial identities are high versus when they are low. How these congruence and incongruence are conveyed to wage work and entrepreneurial performance through work effort were also investigated. To do this, I draw on the role identity theory and utilized polynomial regression and response surface methodology. Using a multi-wave and multi-source data, I found that when wage work identity is higher than entrepreneurial identity, wage work effort is high and when entrepreneurial identity is higher than wage work identity, entrepreneurial effort is high. Moreover, the results also show that effort in both roles is better when both identities are low than when they are high. Further, wage work and entrepreneurial work effort served as explanatory mechanisms and carried the (in)congruence effects to wage work and entrepreneurial performance. In Essay 2, I shift my attention to how hybrid entrepreneurs’ involvement in venture activities facilitates or harms team members’ social exchange behaviors with them at wage work and how such exchanges affect their venture and wage work outcomes. I take a crossover perspective and distinguish between two experiences that hybrid entrepreneurs can transfer from their venture to their wage work team members. Specifically, I differentiate between when hybrid entrepreneurs’ involvement in venture activities enriches versus when it conflicts with teamwork. I draw on relational identity theory and examine how such enrichment or conflict affects the quality of exchange relations between the team members and the focal hybrid entrepreneurs. I further examine how these exchange relations affect hybrid entrepreneurs’ wage work, entrepreneurial work, and identity outcomes. Using data collected from four sources over five waves, I found that team members’ relational identification with hybrid entrepreneurs is stronger when they receive enriching venturing experiences. This leads team members to exhibit more psychosocial support and less social undermining toward their hybrid entrepreneurial coworkers. However, receiving conflicting venturing experiences harms team members’ relational identification with hybrid entrepreneurs. This leads team members to exhibit more social undermining and less psychosocial support toward their hybrid entrepreneurial coworkers. I also found that receiving psychosocial support positively impacted hybrid entrepreneurs’ wage work, entrepreneurial work, and identity outcomes. In contrast, being socially undermined had negative consequences on their wage work, entrepreneurial work, and identity outcomes. Together, these two essays shed light on the double-edged effect of the dual-work context of hybrid entrepreneurs on venturing and wage work roles. By highlighting the pivotal roles played by role identity and resource transfers, the results provide evidence that although being a hybrid entrepreneur has its merits, there are also some associated demerits that must be noted
Practical perspective of market efficiency and comparison of empirical efficiency tests
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic outbreak caused huge impact on global financial markets. This paper uses Hurst exponent as methodology to revisit the traditional concept of market efficiency including stock markets and cybercurrency markets which becomes increasingly popular these years like Bitcoin and Ethereum. The empirical tests are based on two following hypotheses: 1. The inefficiency level of cybercurrency markets will be higher than stock markets. 2. The inefficiency level of cybercurrency markets and stock markets will both go up after the pandemic outbreak.
The three sufficient conditions raised by Eugene F. Fama for market efficiency are: (i) there are no transactions costs in trading securities, (ii) all available information is costlessly available to all market participants, and (iii) all agree on the implications of current information for the current price and distributions of future prices of each security. However, for investments in real financial markets, interactions between investors could be complicated and all the three above conditions are often violated. To gain insights from practical investments in the markets, this paper will also provide a perspective on how investors may think about payoffs of the various assets based on conditional information! Given the personal available conditional information and valuation function of an investor, the rational investment choice of the investor will be on his estimated mean-variance-time line. This perspective offers pragmatic understanding of investments in real financial markets
Design thinking x space innovation
No full textDesign thinking x space innovation explores how a bespoke design thinking process can effectively represent innovation culture in space technology organisations. As an industry of the future with enormous potential for growth and a vast area for new inventions and exploration, space inspires all generations all the time. With the Space Sector Deal of the UK Government’s Industrial Strategy the ‘new space age’ has taken off (Satellite Applications Catapult, 2018) and productivity is increased where space collaborates across sectors (Space Growth Partnership, 2018). Five projects conducted for this research explore how visual design and creative techniques can contribute to growth and prosperity, fostering impact in the region, fuelling the imagination of prospective audiences, communicating new ideas to a world that constantly adapts and adjusts itself.
Design is increasingly recognised as a driver for user-centred innovation (The European Design Leadership Board, 2012) and organisations are advancing by embedding design into their innovation processes (Bason, 2015). The hybrid character, that is the combination of future technologies and creative design, serves as a pioneering instrument and concurrently as a consistent quality asset. Design can enhance productivity and visually communicate future technology (Author’s Cohort, 2018).
By using a tailored design thinking model, this research explores the creation and development of brands to communicate innovation in the field of satellite and space technologies. It examines the potential that collaboration has across disciplines, the positive effect of creativity in the space industry and the increased productivity when non-designers engage in design thinking
The implementation of service learning in civic engagement: A middle school interdisciplinary course project
No full textAs one of the new education innovations, service-learning is a bridge that connects students with community needs in real world while achieving both academic goals and personal inner development. However, there is very few systematic service learning courses and existing research towards to middle school students in mainland China. With this significant concern, this study aims to implement a systematic service learning course project middle school students in Shenzhen and measure the students’ development on civic engagement. Based on service learning pedagogy, the course focuses on research-based method that encourages students to propose their findings and suggestions to local government in Shenzhen. Shenzhen was the first Mainland city applied child-friendly city in United Nations Children\u27s Fund. This course will start with designing an interdisciplinary term service course project for a middle school’s students. This course includes twenty-one hours lecturing and counseling on six different academic domains; social science, data analysis, professional writing, public speaking, urban planning, art design. Eventually, students will write their policy proposals to the local government on childfriendly community and present their research results in public. This research will use a mixed method. For the qualitative part, researchers will collect students’ reflections in journals and discussed with them once a week. In the end of this project, students will report their final reflection about this service learning experience on civic Responsibility. For the quantitative part, participants will complete questionnaires on civic responsibility before and after this course
Inter‐generational differences in house ownership: A epitome of Hong Kong\u27s housing problems
No full textMetaphors in political discourse: A corpus research
No full textThe study of metaphor has long been considered as pertaining solely, or mostly, to the realm of literature, and, more recently, of linguistics. During the past decades, nevertheless, it has become clear that this field of studies is deeply connected to many other disciplines, such as Cognitive and Neurological Sciences, Social Studies, Statistics or, due to the wide range of fields where metaphor can play a significant role, even Economy, Politics, Theological Studies or Health Care. In this presentation, I will focus on the role of metaphor in the political discourse, with implications reaching Social Studies and Psychology. The corpus of the research is based on the traditional New Year speeches of the former Italian president Giorgio Napolitano, delivered between 2006 and 2013. I will identify the conceptual metaphors offered by the corpus, following the line of research proposed by Lakoff and Johnson, aiming to go beyond the strictly linguistic analysis to catch the political, social, psychological and cognitive implications of the identified metaphors, in an attempt at showing that all these apparently different fields of research are in fact interconnected, and together they can shed some light on the structure and characteristics of today’s society. Moreover, I will use statistical methods and visual support, such as graphs and diagrams, to present the quantitative conclusions of the research, which, I think, will allow for a clearer understanding of the overall results