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香港鄉村地區長者居家養老的需要:錦田例案報告 = The needs of ageing in place in rural Hong Kong: The case of Kam Tin
香港面臨人口高齡化,政府統計處(2020)估計65 歲或以上人口會由2019年的120萬增加至2039年252 萬。長者佔總人口比例亦由18.4%上升至33.3%;而老年撫養比率(65 歲及以上人口相對每千名15 至64 歲人口的比率)將由249大幅上升至508。這意味着社會在撫養和照顧長者, 將會面對更大的壓力。另外,老年家庭人口亦不斷增加, 家庭所有成員均為長者的數目從2006年大約18萬上升至2016年超過30萬(增長67.4%);獨居長者佔長者人口的比例亦由11.6%上升至13.1% (政府統計處,2018)。面對人口老化﹑雙老及獨居家庭等問題,社區需要有更全面的支持配套,才能使長者有良好的生活質素。
香港「社區照顧」(community care)政策源於政府於1977年發佈的《老人服務綠皮書》,強調居家安老為服務原則。該綠皮書(政府社會事務科,1977,頁5)指出,在社會及財政上而言,最可行的辦法就是提供適當的社會服務以幫助老年人能繼續與社會接觸在一起…當一個家庭在照顧老年人方面感到吃力時,政府便提供各種服務作爲對家庭一種的支持和協助。使老年人能繼續在家庭生活。
儘管政府一直強調「居家安老為本,院舍照顧為後援」,但多年來的資源分佈仍是以院舍照顧服務佔較大比例 (香港政策研究所,2017;羅致光,2018)。政府近年開始作出規劃上的調整,安老事務委員會(2017)於2017年發佈《安老服務計劃方案》建議加大社區照顧服務的比例,將社區照顧服務及院舍照顧服務的名額比率 由2016 年的1:1.3 加大至2031年的1:1.1(安老事務委員會,2017;羅致光, 2018)。因此, 加強「居家安老」政策,將會是政府其中一個安老服務規劃方向。
雖然政府及不同的社福機構在「居家安老」方面都有提供長者服務,但服務主要仍集中在城市,居住鄉村的長者因缺乏資源和渠道,較難得到協助。以居於元朗錦田 的長者為例,公營長者日間護理服務單位,全部位於元朗、天水圍或朗屏市區(社會福利署,2021),與他們的住處有一段距離。此外,針對鄉郊長者情況的「居家安老」服務規劃,亦未有在《安老服務計劃方案》中提及。因此, 本研究選取錦田區的長者作為主要訪談對象, 以了解鄉郊長者的「居家安老」情況。
錦田有悠久歷史,為最早來港定居的鄧氏族人居住地,有相當豐富的歷史建築群(陳天權,2016)。錦田面積龐大,近年開始規劃的錦田南和錦田北,佔地約1,400 公頃 (政府新聞公報,2014),佔元朗區14,430 公頃約一成面積,但人口只有 13,489,佔元朗人口約2% (政府統計處,2017;民政事務署,2021)。政府在錦 田規劃大綱中,仍保留不少地帶作「農業」、「自然保育區」或「鄉村式發展」用途(政府新聞公報,2014,2018)。因此,錦田仍然是本港主要的鄉郊地區之一。
本研究希望了解錦田長者的居家養老狀況和需求,為發展鄉郊長者服務的提供參考 資料。研究團隊探討長者於三個範疇的狀況,包括「社交支持」、「居所及社區支援 服務」和「長期護理服務的認識及意見」,並針對這三部分的發現提供相關建議
Practical initiative: Why proactive personality and behavior matter at work
The concept of “active vs passive” plays a significant role in many research traditions in the fields of organizational behavior, strategy, and human resources management. Proactive personality and behavior continue to receive significant research attention in the field of management. This presentation will make a case for the central role that proactive personality and behavior play in management research and in the success of industry leaders. The presentation will review what we know—and don’t know—about these concepts. Particular attention will be paid to research about proactivity with meaningful practical implications for the world of work. A recently published paper will be presented that was authored by the presenter and several Lingnan University scholars about how proactive personality played a role in the success of frontline health care workers in the early days of the COVID-19 crisis in Wuhan, China
Africa Looking East: A Global History of Africa-China Engagement
https://commons.ln.edu.hk/video_photos/1211/thumbnail.jp
Housing as an intergenerational project
Increasingly young people are facing difficult housing challenges across a wide range of societies. High and escalating property prices have combined with reduced rental opportunities, less social housing, less secure employment, and squeezed incomes to reduce opportunities to leave the parental home and form a new household. In this context, the need for substantial deposits rather than just reasonably high and secure incomes has made parental resources increasingly critical. This seminar will discuss about issues of housing opportunities across generations and intergenerational housing assistance to young generation from different housing context, which is relevant to UN Sustainable Development Goals 10 (Reduced inequality) and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) respectively.
In this webinar, we bring together 4 presenters from different housing contexts to share their observations about intergenerational housing and intergenerational housing assistance to young people from their latest projects. Maggie LAU (Lingnan University, Hong Kong) and Ngai Ming YIP (City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong) will share the latest research findings from their recent study on \u27Parental Housing Support in Hong Kong\u27. Richard Ronald (University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands) will present on a topic about \u27Housing Careers, Intergenerational Support and Family Relations\u27. William LI (National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan) will present on a topic about \u27Parental Support and Living Arrangements among Young Adults in Taiwan\u27