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Sportisation and values of competition : the case of yo-yoing
Get PDFYo-yoing was a popular pastime in the 90s. It has now developed as a sport with standard rules. This research locates competitive yo-yoing within the sociology of sports, specifically, it builds on the lifestyle sports literature. I understand yo-yoing as a lifestyle sport, serious leisure, and subculture. I argue that competition is a site of meaning-making in competitive yo-yoing and delineate the community’s response to sportisation through interviews with 15 yo-yo players in Hong Kong and an examination of a Netflix documentary on yo-yo. The findings suggest 2 implications: a re-visit to the anti-competition discourse among lifestyle sports, and, a hierarchical understanding of the serious leisure practitioners. It presents competitive yo-yoing as an interesting case for the study of lifestyle sports
Ecological civilization and South-South Cooperation
No full textModerator: SONG Xiaoli (China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation, China)
Speaker: ZHOU Jinfeng (China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation, China)
Discussants: WEN Tiejun (Southwest University, China) Hernán José VARGAS PÉREZ (Communes and Social Movements Ministry, Venezuela
Our America current perspectives : democracy, integration, financialization and environmental crisis
No full textModerator: Hernán José VARGAS PÉREZ (Communes and Social Movements Ministry, Venezuela)
Speakers: Laura CAPOTE (ALBA Movements, Colombia) Llanisca LUGO (Memorial Centre of Martin Luther King Jr, Cuba) Emiliano LÓPEZ (Tricontinental Institute for Social Research, Argentina
湖湘派與同光體之離合
Get PDF本文試圖展示湖湘派與同光體作爲晚清政治立場接近的最大的兩個古典詩派，在詩學與交往方面的種種離合。湖湘派可以追溯到明末清初王夫之論詩重緣情綺靡。嘉道間湖湘詩人鄧顯鶴與宋詩派多有交往，但並無意稱雄詩壇。以王闓運爲代表的湖湘派，是界於宋詩派與同光體之間的最大的一個詩派。同光體詩人中，如陳三立等，與湖湘派詩人多有交往。湖湘派詩人中，較早如鄧繹，晚學如陳銳、程頌萬等，作詩亦多受宋詩派影響。在新文化運動的洪流面前，這兩個古典詩派由於文化命運的相似，共鳴多於異見。
This article shows the various divergence in poetics and the interaction between the Huxiang School 湖湘派 and the Tongguang School 同光體, the two largest schools of classical poetry in the late Qing dynasty that took similar political stances. The Huxiang School can be traced back to Wang Fuzhi\u27s 王夫之 poetics of emotion in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Despite his frequent associations with the Song Poetry School 宋詩派，Deng Xianhe 鄧顯鶴, a Huxiang School poet during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of Qing had no intention to dominate the circle. The Huxiang School, of which Wang Kaiyun 王闓運 was the representative, was the largest school caught between the Song Poetry School and the Tongguang School. Tongguang School poets, such as Chen Sanli 陳三立, often interacted with its counterpart. Early Huxiang School poets such as Deng Yi 鄧繹 and the later Chen Rui 陳銳 and Cheng Songwan 程頌萬 received influence from the Song Poetry School. Upon the New Cultural Movement the two schools were faced with a fate more similar than different
庾信的生平創作及其意義 : 《中國中古文學史》的一個片段
Get PDF庾信（513—581）前半生在南朝梁爲宫廷文人，所作詩賦皆爲“宫體”；後半生不得已而在北，儘管北周的高層人士對他非常尊重客氣，但他内心深處總是有些矛盾和痛苦，並融化而進入其詩賦和文章之中。作爲使節他在被扣留之初，曾遭軟禁三年，其時的作品《傷心賦》《小園賦》《枯樹賦》飽含痛苦的心情，也流露了行將轉身的意向。後來作於天和四年（569）的《哀江南賦》，則深刻地總結了蕭梁王朝由盛而衰以至於滅亡的歷史教訓，文辭曲折典雅，歷來得到很高的評價。他詩和文也都達到很高的水準，其中同樣隱含了他對自己轉身的解釋和哀歎。當年的時代主潮在於民族融合，庾信認同鮮卑族主導的北周政權，肯同他們合作，是正常的；而不斷抒發其鄉關故國之思，則表現了對華夏文化大流的熱愛與眷念，深刻地符合中古歷史發展的大方向。要瞭解其時歷史發展過程中的波瀾與漩渦，庾信的作品包括那些諛墓諸文都具有很高的價值。
Yu Xin 庾信 (513 - 581 CE) had been a court official in the Southern Liang dynasty and wrote palace style poetry before he was confined to the non-Sinitic Norther Zhou dynasty. Despite the respect he received from its officials and nobles, he wrote his internal conflict, distress, and forthcoming resign into his poetry and prose, including “Shangxin fu” 傷心賦 (Rhapsody on a Broken Heart), “Xiaoyuan fu” 小園賦 (Rhapsody on a Small Garden) , and “Kushu fu” 枯樹賦 (Rhapsody on a Withered Tree) which he wrote during the first three years of his confinement as a diplomatic envoy. Yu’s masterpiece written in 569 CE, “Ai Jiangnan fu” 哀江南賦 (Rhapsody Lamenting the South) chronicles the Southern Liang dynasty from prosperity to decline, and its literary elegance and intricacy has received high praise. Despite his resign, ethnic amalgamation was the mainstream at the time. Yu acknowledged the Northern Zhou dynasty ruled by the Xianbei people and was willing to collaborate with its ruling class. However, the nostalgia and reminiscence in his works show his ardent love for the culture in China proper. Yu’s works, including the epitaphs he wrote, are of great value in understanding the grand historical development in the Chinese medieval time
中國古代士人的離散—回歸意識與文學書寫 : 以唐宋貶謫文學爲例
Get PDF從生存狀態和生存體認出發，“離散”概念的外延，可以延伸到“離散意識”，以及與它相對的“回歸意識”這一層面。而離散的主體，則可以延伸到中國古代士人這一群體。自故鄉—政治文化中心離散，期盼回歸到故鄉—政治文化中心，構成了中國古代士人離散—回歸意識的核心内涵。這裡的“故鄉”，除了故土家園之外，還具有理想、歸宿或者精神家園的含義：所謂“此心安處是吾鄉”。古代中國士人“離散—回歸”意識的獨特内涵，及其文學書寫的獨特風貌，便是由上述質素構成、影響和造就的。從貶謫文學的視角看，貶謫帶來的離散，具有不可忽視的文化價值。
From the living state and survival awareness, the extension of the concept of ‘‘diaspora” can be extended to ‘‘diaspora consciousness” and its relative “regression consciousness”. Meanwhile, the subject of diaspora can be extended to the group of Chinese ancient intellectuals. Leaving from hometown-political cultural center and looking forward to return to hometown-political cultural center constitutes the Chinese ancient intellectual’s core connotation of the diaspora-regression consciousness. Here the “hometown” is not only the meaning of homeland but also includes the connotation of the ideal, destination or spiritual home: the so-called “Wherever my heart is at peace is my home”. The characteristic connotation of the “diaspora-regression” consciousness of the Chinese ancient intellectual and the unique style of their literature writing are composed, influenced and created by the above factors. From the perspective of relegation literature, the diaspora which brought by the relegation has the cultural value that can not be ignored
Married working women and work-family interface in Urban Ghana : a holistic approach
Get PDFThe intersection of work and family has gained traction across various disciplines in an attempt to study how work and family life affect individuals, families, organisations and societies. Nonetheless, most studies on work-family interface (WFI) remain dominated by theories, concepts and experiences rooted in white, middle class and homogenous individuals in Western societies. Owing to these concerns, there have been widespread calls for more cross-cultural studies that capture the plurality of work-family realities and conceptualisation, especially from the Global South. Emphasis has also been made on the need to expand workfamily research beyond the often-studied professional workers and their families to enhance the universal applicability of work-family concepts, promote diversity of work-family experiences and to adopt decolonial and inclusive methodologies relevant for contextual knowledge production. This thesis responds to these concerns using a holistic approach that incorporates the work-family experiences of both formal and informal married working mothers in urban Ghana. Specifically, the study seeks to examine the multiple sources of workfamily conflict (WFC) and work-family enrichment (WFE) among working mothers, the consequences of WFC/WFE on their satisfaction with job, family and marriage and the moderating effect of employment type as pertains to their perceived work demands and WFC/WFE. In doing so, I draw on role conflict theory, work-family enrichment theory, symbolic interactionism/source attribution, gender structure theory and a socio-materialist interaction framework. The study adopts a mixed method approach including a cross-sectional survey involving 1194 respondents out of which 42 were selected for in-depth interviews in Ghana’s 3 major cities (Accra, Kumasi and Tamale). From the quantitative results, age, monthly income, education and employment type had a negative association with WFC suggesting that women who are younger, less-educated, have low incomes and self-employed experienced higher levels of WFC. Again, perceived family and work demands, vehicular traffic issues and water access challenges were associated with greater levels of WFC among the sample. Concerning WFE, monthly income negatively predicted WFE while educational level, number of children, perceived work demands (PWD) and water access challenges positively predicted working women’s WFE. Concerning the bi-directional effects of WFC (W2FC/F2WC) and WFE (W2FE/F2WE) on work-family outcomes, both were found to have statistically significant effects on married working women’s satisfaction with their job, marriage and family, even after controlling for various factors. Moreover, type of employment moderated the relationship between PWD and WFC with self-employed mothers experiencing greater WFC in relation to employee working mothers. The former also demonstrated higher levels of WFE. The qualitative findings have provided contextual insights that complements, converges and diverges with the quantitative results of the study including how WFC/WFE affect working mothers’ family and work life. This study has significant contributions to workfamily scholarship: it incorporates the experiences of informal workers, develops a workfamily socio-materialist interaction framework, extends the within-and-cross domain effects of WFC/WFE on work-family satisfaction outcomes in an understudied African context and situates the discounted roles of intervening factors and mobilities in work-family research and policy. Lastly, mixed methods offered a valuable and integrative approach for studying workfamily intersections
On probabilistic reasoning of actual causation
Get PDFProbabilistic actual causation is a theory about actual causal relations in probabilistic scenarios. Compared with general (or type) causal connections, actual (or token, singular) causation involves specific and actual events occurring in a particular time and space. Halpern and Pearl proposed three mathematical definitions on actual causation via structural equation models (or causal models). Fenton-Glynn extended one of their definitions into a probabilistic version by following the probability-raising principle in the tradition of theorizing about probabilistic causation. The basic idea of this principle is that a cause shall raise the probability of its effect. He adopted interventional probabilities to analyse actual causation in causal Bayesian networks. According to Pearl, interventional probabilities of the form P(Y = yX=x) are used to form type-level causal claims, while it is counterfactual probabilities of the form P(Y = yX=x | X = x1, Y = y1) that help us characterize token-level causal relations as the conditionalization part takes actual situations into account; the more facts we condition upon, the closer we come to actual causation. In this dissertation, we modify Fenton-Glynn’s probabilistic definition of actual causation in probabilistic causal models by employing counterfactual probability raising instead of his interventional probability raising. Our new definitions PAC and PAC’ are capable of dealing with a number of probabilistic versions of causal examples in which Fenton-Glynn’s definition fails, such as voting, overlapping, trumping, etc. Alternatively, we can exploit elaborate and plausible counterfactual definitions of actual causation, once counterfactuals are interpreted probabilistically, essentially we turn the deterministic theories of actual causation into their indeterministic versions. That can be seen as the second or new approach to defining probabilistic actual causation compared with the traditional straightforward probability-raising approach. In order to realize this idea, we propose a probabilistic semantics for causal counterfactuals in probabilistic causal models using counterfactual probabilities. Causal counterfactuals or interventional sentences have the form [X ←x]Y = y with the meaning “if X is manipulated to take value x, Y has value y.” Causation definitions in the causal modeling framework take interventional sentences as counterfactuals. Our proposed semantics for [X ← x]Y = y is its corresponding counterfactual probability being very high (e.g. P(Y = yX=x | e) = 1). For this semantics, we provide a sound and complete axiomatization. Based on this logical result, Halpern’s latest definition of actual causation can be translated as a probabilistic version by interpreting interventional statements in it with our semantics. The difference between definitions from this approach and the traditional one turns out to be the extent of probability increase, namely, slight (traditional approach) or significant (new approach) probability raising. We compare the logical properties of our conception PAC of probabilistic actual causation and the new indeterministic version of Halpern’s latest actual causation by treating these two definitions as the semantics for causal conditionals
An Information-theoretic analysis of generative adversarial networks for image restoration in physics-based vision
Get PDFImage restoration in physics-based vision (such as image denoising, dehazing, and deraining) are fundamental tasks in computer vision that attach great significance to the processing of visual data as well as subsequent applications in different fields. Existing methods mainly focus on exploring the physical properties and mechanisms of the imaging process, and tend to use a deconstructive idea in describing how the visual degradations (like noise, haze, and rain) are integrated with the background scenes. This idea, however, relies heavily on manually engineered features and handcrafted composition models, which can be theories only in ideal conditions or hypothetical models that may involve human bias or fail in simulating true situations in actual practices. With the progress of representation learning, generative methods, especially generative adversarial networks (GANs), are considered a more promising solution for image restoration tasks. It directly learns the restorations as end-to-end generation processes using large amounts of data without understanding their physical mechanisms, and it also allows completing missing details damaged information by involving external knowledge and generating plausible results with intelligent-level interpretation and semantics-level understanding of the input images. Nevertheless, existing studies that try to apply GAN models to image restoration tasks dose not achieve satisfactory performances compared with the traditional deconstructive methods. And there is scarcely any study or theory to explain how deep generative models work in relevant tasks.
In this study, we analyzed the learning dynamics of different deep generative models based on the information bottleneck principle and propose an information-theoretic framework to explain the generative methods for image restoration tasks. In which, we study the information flow in the image restoration models and point out three sources of information involved in generating the restoration results: (i) high-level information extracted by the encoder network, (ii) low-level information from the source inputs that retained, or pass directed through the skip connections, and, (iii) external information introduced by the learned parameters of the decoder network during the generation process.
Based on this theory, we pointed out that conventional GAN models may not be directly applicable to the tasks of image restoration, and we identify three key issues leading to their performance gaps in the image restoration tasks: (i) over-invested abstraction processes, (ii) inherent details loss, and (iii) imbalance optimization with vanishing gradient. We formulate these problems with corresponding theoretical analyses and provide empirical evidence to verify our hypotheses and prove the existence of these problems respectively.
To address these problems, we then proposed solutions and suggestions including optimizing network structure, enhancing details extraction and accumulation with network modules, as well as replacing measures of training objectives, to improve the performances of GAN models on the image restoration tasks. Ultimately, we verify our solutions on bench-marking datasets and achieve significant improvement on the baseline models
The Sounds of the Tang Poetry : Mastering tonal patterns of recent-style poetry : Constructing pentasyllabic regulated verse
No full textDear Listeners, This podcast you are listening to is the soundtrack of the third episode of HOW TO READ CHINESE POETRY VIDEOS. This episode shows how easily viewers can construct the regulated verse tonal patterns—simply by doubling the quatrain tonal patterns.
The episode ends by inviting viewers to write out regulated verse tonal patterns on their own. Click the link to watch the video and subscribe to our channel: https://youtu.be/iWXosSaZFpU