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Eco-feminist philosophy for life and peace
No full textModerators: LAU Kin Chi (Lingnan University, China) DAI Jinhua (Peking University, China)
Speaker: Vandana SHIVA (NAVDANYA, India
《尚書》合刻本中書序、篇目及對應疏文的編排形態考述
Get PDF僞孔本《尚書》篇章正文前保留了篇章對應的書序與篇目。唐代成書的《尚書正義》中也包括對這兩種要素的解釋。自南宋注疏合刻已還，歷史上《尚書》經注疏合刻本的編排形態總體保持穩定。但就部分篇章中書序、篇目及其對應疏文的編連方式，不同版本的《尚書注疏》之間存在差異。針對相關的文本現象以及其牽涉《尚書正義》的解釋模式，清代學者以及日本二十世紀上半葉出版的《尚書正義定本》均有所認識，並提出了調整編排的意見。本文將在考察《尚書正義》對書序、篇目相關解釋的基礎上，結合既有的校勘成果，綜合辨析合刻本的編排形態。
In the pseudo-Confucian version of the Book of Documents 尚書, chapter introductions and titles are retained preceding the main text. The Shangshu Zhengyi 尚書正義, compiled during the Tang Dynasty, also encompasses explanations of these two elements. Since the combined compliation of commentaries and sub-commentaries in the Southern Song Dynasty, the overall layout of the combined versions of the Book of Documents has remained consistent. However, variations can be observed among different versions, particularly in the sequencing of chapter introductions, titles, and their corresponding explanatory texts. Scholars from the Qing dynasty, as well as the Shangshu Zhengyi Dingben 尚書正義定本 published in the first half of the twentieth century in Japan,have acknowledged these textual discrepancies and proposed adjustments in layout. This article, based on the ways in which the sub commentary explains the chapter introductions and titles, and in conjunction with existing collation, offers a comprehensive analysis of the combined edition’s layout
‘More or better?’ : finding the balance between equitable access and quality of higher education in Malaysia
No full textEducation in Malaysia has gone through several different phases since gaining independence in 1957. The National Education Policy, spawned from the Razak Report (1956) and the Rahman Talib Report (1960), aspires for Malaysia to be a developed nation. However, the 13 May 1969 racial riot incident marked an important turning point for education in Malaysia, mainly because it magnified the oppressive poverty, the widening socio-economic gap between different races and ethnicities as well as the urban-rural disparities. Since then, considerable efforts to develop and improve the national education system to eradicate poverty and bridge the gaps between races, ethnicities and urban-rural areas have been a key policy objective in Malaysia. Clearly reflected in significant financial investments in education throughout the years, the agenda to widen access to education further became one of the central aspirations in the Malaysia Education Blueprint (Higher Education) 2015 – 2025. Through this, diverse initiatives and strategies have been provisioned to increase the number of students, particularly from low-income families and underprivileged groups, to access higher education. Despite its commendable success, surprisingly, there is also an increasing trend of secondary school leavers demonstrating low awareness and aspiration to access higher education in Malaysia. Whilst it is certainly crucial to double the effort to widen access to higher education, as several previous studies have indicated, this study focuses on what and how access to higher education is perceived from the individual level. Inspired predominantly by Tomasevski’s 4-A Scheme Framework, the theoretical perspectives for the current study also draw on the extensive works of Bourdieu’s Social Reproduction, and Baker et al.’s Equality of Conditions. Utilising mainly qualitative methods to gather data from multiple stakeholder perspectives, with 73 conveniently selected participants from six public universities across different regions in Malaysia, the current study extends the important work of Tomasevski. The limited reach of the semi-structured qualitative interview further encouraged the adoption of a multi-method qualitative strategy including document analysis, systematic online video review, and secondary data. The findings are threefold. Stemming from the affirmative policies that privilege the Bumiputera (son of soil), the current study reveals the structural rigidity and institutional discrimination in the Malaysian higher education. Regardless of the ‘luxury’ of support to access higher education, the current study reveals the bitter truth of secondary school leavers deciding not to pursue higher education. Furthermore, departing from the 4-A Scheme Framework that has largely concentrated on the national and institutional levels, the findings of this study emphasise the individual level, demonstrating how awareness and aspiration can have a huge impact in accessing higher education, which is often abandoned in the voluminous body of literature. The novel contributions of the 6-A Scheme Framework can provide a holistic and robust framework to better tailor appropriate mechanisms to widen access to higher education, particularly for low-income families and underprivileged groups in Malaysia
Issues on selling products via social media influencers
Get PDFRecent years have witnessed an exponential growth of firms promoting and selling products via social media influencers. Although such practice has attracted a growing interest in academia, relevant studies are largely empirical, while analytical studies remain limited. To address this gap, we analytically investigate issues related to a firm\u27s strategy of selling products via influencers in two studies.
In the first study, we develop a two-period model to investigate a firm\u27s strategy for introducing a product via an influencer, where there may exist uncertainty in the influencer-product match. For the promotional campaign in the first period, the influencer exerts an effort to sell the product to her followers, who may spread the product information to non-followers via word-of-mouth (WOM). In the second period, the firm sells the product. We show that the firm\u27s pricing, production, and commission contract decisions for the promotion usually depend on the difference between the WOM effect of followers who do or do not make a purchase, rather than the individual WOM effect of either group of followers. As the marginal WOM effect of first-period sales increases, the firm should generally raise the commission rate, while increasing or decreasing the product price depending on the followers\u27 price sensitivity relative to effort sensitivity. The firm should pay the highest commission rate to the influencer with a medium-sized follower base. If followers have a low interest in buying the product, the firm should set the highest price when the influencer has a medium-sized follower base. In other circumstances, the firm should increase the price as the size of follower base increases. The firm may charge followers a lower price than non-followers, even though followers are less sensitive to price than non-followers. Moreover, there exists a threshold for the probability of an influencer-product match, above which the firm faces zero demand if a mismatch occurs. Finally, we find that the firm may not be better off employing an influencer with a larger follower base. Our results provide important managerial insights for firms that leverage influencers for product promotion. In particular, firms need to distinguish the WOM effect of an influencer\u27s followers who make a purchase from the effect of those who do not. They should not always offer a higher commission and a lower price to influencers with a larger follower base.
The second study investigate an influencer\u27s false claim about product quality in the presence of regulations and skeptical consumers. Influencers often make false claims about firms\u27 products to boost sales. To mitigate such dishonest selling, regulators may impose penalties on firms and influencers. Influencers can make their claims deceptive to hinder consumers\u27 verification of product information. We show that the influencer is less likely to exaggerate product quality if the penalty is high, the difference in potential product quality is small, and the influencer\u27s followers constitute a small proportion of the market. A stricter regulation may improve the firm\u27s profit but reduce the social welfare. As the product quality difference becomes smaller, the influencer\u27s false claim is more likely to be caught by the regulator, resulting in a lower profit for the firm. Moreover, selling products via an influencer with a larger follower base cannot ensure a higher profit for the firm. When the firm makes the commission rate decision, we find that the firm may set a small commission rate if the penalty is low, while offering a large commission rate if the penalty is high, which makes the influencer less likely or more likely to make a false claim. Furthermore, when the regulator determines the penalty, we show that if the product quality difference or the influencer\u27s cost for deceiving consumers is sufficiently small, the regulator may deliberately allow the false claim
Migration, remittances and the search for a better life : longitudinal evidence from the Philippines
No full textAs one of the major source countries of migrant workers and a top-ranking receiving country of remittances, the Philippines has been the subject of many studies exploring the links between migration and development, many of which explore how remittances contribute to development in the Philippines. This presentation considers the link between migration, remittances and development in the Philippines by focusing on households and their development status over time, drawing on longitudinal research over more than a decade. As the direct beneficiaries of remittances, the focus on households through a longitudinal perspective can help clarify how households increase and sustain their economic well-being. The study contributes to understanding how households can or may be constrained from mobilizing remittances to realize sustainable development
唐人稱引《周易》王、韓注側證 : 以《文選》李善注爲中心
Get PDF唐宋間《周易》文本經歷了最爲重要的一次遞嬗，即從寫本切換至刻本。本文以《文選》李善注所引《周易》王、韓注爲中心，參照約略同時的《後漢書》李賢注，以及稍晚出的官修類書《初學記》引文，同時參校宋刻《周易》經注本，以及敦煌唐寫本、陸德明《經典釋文·周易音義》、魏徵《群書治要》、李鼎祚《周易集解》、郭京《周易舉正》等唐代或唐前文本或異文資料，從而揭示唐人引文的特徵，並由此回溯唐代文本樣貌，進而探求唐宋《周易》文本遞嬗的規律性。唐人注解及類書引文大體上忠實於原文，基本上可以反映其所從出之底本的原始樣貌，雖然具有個性化和不穩定性的特徵，甚或經過一定程度的主觀改造。總體而言，唐宋《周易》文本具有穩定性和連續性，在從寫本時代進入刻本時代的遞嬗過程中大體保持統一，並未發生大的變易。
The text of The Book of Changes between the Tang and Song Dynasties experienced the most important evolution, that is, from manuscript to block-printed edition. This paper focuses on Wang and Han′s exegesis of The Book of Changes quoted by Li Shan′s anthology of Selected Works, and refers to Li Xian′ anthology of Post Han History and the official revision book Chuxueji, and collates the classical text & exegesis edition of The book of changes written in stone in the Song Dynasty, and Dunhuang manuscripts of the Tang, Lu Deming\u27s Classic Interpretation, Wei Zheng\u27s Qunshuzhiyao, Li Dingzuo\u27s The Collected Notes on Collection of The Book of Changes, Guo Jing\u27s Identification of the Book of Changes and other texts or materials from before the Tang Dynasty, so as to reveal the characteristics of quotation in the Tang Dynasty, and thus trace back the appearance of the Tang Dynasty texts, and then explore the norms of the evolution of the text of The Book of Changes in the Tang and Song dynasties. The quotation of exegesis and reference books with material taken from various sources and arranged according to subjects in the Tang Dynasty are generally faithful to the original text, which can basically reflect the original appearance of the original, although they changed according to personal styles or even undergo a certain degree of subjective transformation. Generally speaking, the text of The Book of Changes in the Tang and Song Dynasties has stability and continuity. In the process of evolution from the era of manuscript to block-printed edition, it generally remained consistent without major changes
A comparative analysis of \u3ci\u3eUncle Tom’s Cabin\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eTwelve Years a Slave\u3c/i\u3e : rebellion, feminine character, and Christianity
No full textThis final year project examines how racial discrimination in 19th-century America is revealed through the depiction of the system of slavery in two essential pieces of American literature, Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Twelve Years a Slave. The theme of racism is analyzed primarily through the rebellion of slaves and their pursuit of freedom, the portrayal of women of different races and identities, and the influence of Christian beliefs on slavery. Through comparative analysis, this essay constructs the connection between the two literary works, and points out their significant role in jointly promoting the abolition of slavery and advocating freedom and equality in the 19th century. This paper also focuses on the sublime spiritual power, leadership, and unique value of women revealed in the works, and recognizes their impacts on the feminist movement and intellectual emancipation
《楚辭》荃蓀意象新探——以姜亮夫《楚辭通故》為討論中心
Get PDF屈原在楚辭中常以香草為喻，各種香草均有不同的含義，或以喻君主，或以喻賢臣。歷來有不少學者就《楚辭》中的香草進行研究，但甚少針對某種香草深入討論。各種香草中，以「荃」、「蓀」最為重要，本文以姜亮夫《楚辭通故》為基礎，就「荃」、「蓀」進行研究。
屈原選用大量香草比喻君主、賢臣以至佞臣小人。眾多香草中，屈原獨以「荃」、「蓀」二字喻君。對於「荃」、「蓀」定義，前人多從吳仁傑《離騷草木疏》作總結，但未有深入分析屈原選取此香草比喻君主的原因。姜亮夫《楚辭通故》中整合及分析「荃」、「蓀」的象徵意義，然姜先生提出的論點亦有值得討論之處。《通故》從字義上區別荃蓀二字，又指出「凡以喻君者，字當作蓀。」本文從字音、字義及文本的語言運用方面分析，延伸討論楚巫文化與荃蓀二字的關係，以論證荃與蓀音義並同。本文以《楚辭通故》為討論中心，分析當中有「荃」、「蓀」的說法，並深入探討「荃」、「蓀」的意象
論秦觀詩的句法與詩境—從「詩似詞」之辯還原秦觀多元文學創作風格
Get PDF秦觀，北宋婉約派代表人物，其詞的創作成就無用置疑，但導致其詞名之高常掩蓋其詩名，故其詩在後世的討論度不及其詞。關於秦觀詩，因元好問對《春日》一詩的批評，於是世人常以「女郎」風格概括秦觀詩的整體風格，且偏重研究呈現嫵麗風格的詩作，對其他詩作有所忽略，基於詩莊詞媚的原則，於是產生「詩似詞」之論。
有鑑於此，本論文欲先打破此偏見，又選取具代表性的詩作，仔細分析其句法和詩境，旨在探究秦觀多元化的創作風格。本論文由四大章節組成，緒論部分將論述相關文學時代背景與文學概念，並在此基礎之上闡述本論文的研究動機、研究回顧與研究方法。第二章為「詩似詞」之辯，說明世人對秦觀詩誤讀之處，逐一釐清和解釋，並從中證明秦觀信守詩詞分畛的原則。第三章論秦觀多元的文學創作風格，以徐培均的《秦觀詩詞文選評》為依據，按順序整合出「清新嫵麗」、「清曠華潤」、「沉鬱灰暗」和「嚴重高古」四種風格，並抽取具代表性的詩作，仔細分析詩作的句法和詩境如何呈現出該藝術風格。第四章為結論部分，總結本論文的內容
《紅樓夢》中「通靈寶玉」與「欲」之關係
Get PDF《紅樓夢》的開首是無法補天的頑石對紅塵生出欲念，想要見識榮華富貴。頑石苦求僧道後，終於獲得到紅塵走一遭的機會，幻化成通靈寶玉，與賈寶玉一同降生在賈府。通靈寶玉具一般的人欲，亦具通靈之情欲，這些特性在賈寶玉身上都有所顯現。賈寶玉對眾姐妹情深義重，可惜他的通靈之情欲為世難容。「欲」在《紅樓夢》中多有披露，可二分作淫欲與情欲，二者從金陵十二釵與賈府的富家子弟身上皆能看出。在封建禮教下，女子更淪為男性滿足生理欲望的工具。但《紅樓夢》並沒有貶斥情欲，因為所有「欲」都是人的天性，都有合理的一面。賈寶玉與通靈寶玉的靈性不被世人所理解，這種情欲也必然無法滿足，成為了全文悲劇的主軸。
作為幻境來到人間之物，通靈寶玉的作用歷來有很多爭議。然而，各家之言，皆少有聯繫通靈寶玉與欲望。故本文以通靈寶玉與「欲」的關係為題，從頑石的前生與神瑛侍者的欲望開始，看賈寶玉的通靈之性和情欲，說明通靈寶玉的通靈性與世俗性，繼而分析《紅樓夢》成為悲劇的必然，窺探通靈寶玉與「欲」密不可分的聯繫