7627 research outputs found
Sort by
尊體與復古 : 詞樂恢復 視域下的清初自度曲現象
Get PDF清初自度曲的興盛，既是針對明人自度曲的俗陋率意所做出的修正，同時也是清人重視音聲之學，主張以“詞樂復古”爲尊體的路徑展現。本文以清初詞樂恢復的風氣爲背景基礎，觀察清初自度曲現象的形成背景、發展概況與創作特徵。清初文人批評明人混淆詞曲，多爲妄作，嘗試通過自度曲重新建立詞與音樂的連結。由“上附風騷”爲論，清人之尊體除將詞體的起源追溯自詩騷外，自度曲的製作、製曲樂器，乃至於對姜、張自度曲的讚賞，皆是“繼聲音之秘響”的自我作古表現。接著以雲間詞人與西陵詞人兩個文人群體爲例，其間交遊唱和的自度曲作品，除凝結文人群體認同外，亦直接有助於自度曲的流傳，達到了“用廣新聲”的作用。要之，清初文人所謂詞樂恢復，是將詞體重新納入合樂而歌，合律而作的音樂文學傳統。惟在康熙晚期譜律之學確立與其後浙西詞學的盛行影响之下，自度曲的創作亦隨之衰微。
The flourishing of self-composed tunes in the early Qing dynasty was both a correction to the perceived vulgarity and capriciousness of Ming-dynasty compositions and a demonstration of the Qing scholars\u27 emphasis on the study of sound, advocating for a revival of lyrics and music (ci yue fugu 詞樂復古) as a revered practice. This paper builds on this observation and explores the context of early Qing self-composed tunes\u27 emergence, developmental overview, and creative characteristics from the perspective of the revival of lyrics and music. Early Qing literati critiqued the Ming predecessors \u27 confusion of lyrics and music, largely deemed as arbitrary creations, and attempted to re-establish the connection between lyrics and music through self-composed tunes. From the perspective of aligning with the elegance of Shijing and Chuci (shangfu Feng Sao 上附風騷), the Qing\u27s reverence extended not only to tracing the origins of lyric forms back to the classics but also included the production of self-composed tunes, the crafting of musical instruments, and the praise of tunes by figures such as Jiang and Zhang, all of which exemplify the act of continuing the subtle resonance of sound (ji shengyin zhi mixiang 繼聲音之秘響) in their archaizing endeavors. By examining Yunjian lyricists and Xiling lyricists as case studies, this paper studies their interactive compositions of self-composed tunes, which not only solidified the group identity among literati but also directly facilitated the transmission of these tunes, achieving the effect of broadening new sounds (yongguang xinsheng 用廣新聲). In essence, the early Qing literati\u27s revival of lyrics and music was an effort to reintegrate lyric forms into a musical and literary tradition that combined music with singing and composition with the rules of harmony. However, with the establishment of musical notation during the late Kangxi era and the subsequent prevalence of Western Zhejiang lyrics studies, the creation of self-composed tunes gradually declined
劉師培〈《左傳》、《荀子》相通考〉探析
Get PDF劉師培作〈《左傳》《荀子》相通考〉，是他「會通」經、子之學的產出，藉此證明他深諳經、子大義，展現「通儒」風範，同時針砭當時桎梏於一經的學風。前人分析劉師培「相通考」系列，或從版本之別，窺探「相通」名實；或從時代背景，揣摩「相通考」之作意，蠡測「相通」之義實為解荀、揚荀；或從師承關係，定論「相通」是經、子源流說，探析「《荀子》本於《左傳》」的奧旨。但是，此等論述，功夫都花在外圍材料考辨上，並未參透文本，仍昧於董理「相通」之義。
本文旨在探明《左傳》和《荀子》在劉師培論述中「相通」之所在。透過分類和分析部分條文，釐清「相通」準則和意涵。「解經」是經、子之學內在相通的根本依據，而治子實亦為羽翼經傳，所以在解經性質上，與「傳」相通。是以，《左傳》和《荀子》的「相通考」也當以經籍核心（《春秋經》中孔聖的微言大義）為立足點。筆者將在兩文「通」的解說層面，予以補足，完善論說；在「不通」的解說層面，予以駁議和辨說，呈現劉作中「相通」大義的深淺層次。最後，筆者嘗試聯繫「相通考」性質和荀學融通經學義理，探尋《左傳》在荀學建構中發揮的作用
Catching the unlikely gambler : how and why gacha games appeal to conscientious consumers
Get PDFGacha games, often featuring Japanese anime-style characters and designs, are characterized by their eponymous gacha mechanics, wherein players obtain random virtual items using in game currency purchasable with real-world money. While scoring significant market success, gacha games are frequently likened to gambling by critics due to their chance-based purchase system. Despite this gambling-like feature, here we identify a paradoxical attraction of gacha games for individuals high in conscientiousness, a trait typically linked to self-discipline and gambling aversion. Through five behavioral experiments involving actual gacha game players, we consistently found that higher conscientiousness correlates with increased gacha game engagement, as captured by the acquisition of in-game items, spending, and intentions for future gacha pulls. We further discovered that this is because gacha pulls are typically viewed as avenues for achievement rather than a form of gambling, hereby appealing to conscientious consumers. Our findings also rule out the alternative explanation that conscientious players are drawn to the order and structure embodied in in-game items. Taken together, this research reveals an unexpected personality trait predicting gacha game engagement, challenging conventional views of conscientiousness as a deterrent to indulgence and overspending. In so doing, we enhance the field’s understanding of consumer perception and behavior in this unique game genre. Additionally, this study helps identify populations vulnerable to gacha games, offering insights for policymaking
Group dynamics, gender, and field : an ethnographic study of the yo-yoing sport subculture In Hong Kong
Get PDFThis research explores the yo-yoing sport subculture in Hong Kong, tracing its evolution from a popular pastime to a recognized sport with a global competition structure led by the International Yo-Yo Federation. By situating yo-yoing within lifestyle sports literature, this study offers a sociological understanding of yo-yo players’ experiences and challenges in Hong Kong. Yo-yoing is an interesting case to study because of its prevailing label as a toy hobby, thus players are generally positive to mainstreaming which differs from many lifestyle sports participants’ reluctant attitude. The central question of this study is: How does a subculture gain legitimation as a sport? Data is drawn from five months of participant observation and 21 in-depth interviews with players to collect their experiences in the sport. Second-hand data, including contests archives and media exposures, were collected to supplement the ethnographic data. The central argument presents that the legitimation of yo-yoing as a competitive sport is shaped by internal sport construction mechanisms, gender ideologies, and external recognition efforts. While players emphasize competition-centric institutions, identity, and practices, their progress is hindered by a hegemonic male homosocial culture and the challenge of maintaining their subcultural identity amidst the push for mainstream recognition. The findings are divided into three substantive chapters. The first chapter explores the mechanisms deployed by players to construct yo-yoing as a sport, focusing on the aspects of institution, identity, and practices. The identification process of becoming a yo-yo player is also examined in detail. The second chapter investigates how yo-yoing offers alternative spaces for transforming nerdiness, a subordinate masculinity, into a celebrated masculine quality within the yo-yo community. However, the construction of such hegemonic masculinity also structured yo-yoing as a male-dominated sport in which gendered boundaries are reproduced through the yo-yoing institution and in-group interactions among players. The third chapter analyses how yo-yo players struggle to legitimize yo-yoing, which situates at a marginal position within the broader sports field, through the accumulation and conversion of different forms of capital. During this process, players grapple with the dilemma of institutionalization and the potential loss of the intrinsic spirit of yo-yoing, particularly in group settings. Theoretically, this study contributes to the lifestyle sports literature by first recognizing the fluidity in defining sport, in which sport should be understood as a process influenced by changes. Secondly, it is found that gender relations are reconfigured among male players, but the reproduction of such relations is a reciprocal process shaped by both female and male players. By mapping the process of legitimation alongside the experiences of players, this study offers a nuanced understanding of the yo-yoing subculture\u27s quest for recognition as a legitimate sport
Impacts posed by recreational marijuana legalization : a global comparison in jurisdictions with different marijuana control policies
Get PDFAs marijuana legalization is adopted by more and more countries, there have been a lot of debates about its benefits and downsides. Around the world, the majority of countries maintain their illegality, a few are fully open, while some decriminalize or do not enforce the prohibition laws. However, few studies have examined the different impacts brought by district cannabis control policies. This study uses the systematic review method to investigate the impacts of marijuana legalization in 5 domains and compare them on a global basis. A total of 51 articles published between January 2019 to June 2024 were selected. Policy implementations are drawn based on the results. However, these studies mainly came from the United States and focused on the prevalence of marijuana consumption and health implications. Future studies may involve more other countries and domains of impact
“興趣”的詩學意涵及其話語承變
Get PDF“興趣”一詞，其意涵及所經歷的古今演變，於我們似乎耳熟能詳又習焉不察，值得從概念史的角度予以究明。尤其它的來源與生成，何時進入中國詩學領域，成爲明確的文學批評概念、範疇之表達，又如何於長時段的話語承變中，在凝定其本質意義的同時，被開掘出多重向度，構成豐盈而複雜的指涉，更需有較爲全面而深細的揭示。本文結合現代學術史上的相關成果，嘗試作出這一方面的檢討，希冀在中國詩學的語境中，釐清該詞的意涵變化及演進脈絡，並藉助這樣的線索，進一步窺測近世文學批評體系性的内在構成。
The connotation of the term “inspired appeal” (Xingqu) and its evolution, seemingly familiar yet often overlooked, are worth further investigating from the perspective of the history of ideas. This article comprehensively examines the following issues: the origin and formation of this concept; its entry into the Chinese poetics as an explicit expression of critical concepts and categories; and how, amid the backdrop of long-term discourse transformations, it gradually coagulated its essential meaning while constituting a rich and complex reference with its multiple dimensions unearthed. Drawing on insights from modern scholarly works, this essay elucidates the semantic changes and evolution of the term in the context of Chinese poetics. Moreover, following these, it seeks to further explore the internal composition of the systematicity of Chinese literary criticism in early modern times
風自何方來? : 諷諭説的形成與演變
Get PDF華夏先民早就認識到風具有地方性和引導性兩大特徵，由此將“風”作爲德行流衍的象徵，引伸出影響、傳告之意。《毛詩大序》基於這些自然屬性，指出詩歌同時具有化民和刺上的雙重功能，是溝通上下階層的獨特文化資源，“風”由此成爲具有詩學意義的概念。漢人常用的“風諫”等概念也由此具有一定的詩學意味。至於“風諭”最初用來表示中央對地方、尤其是周邊地區的教化，至漢宣帝、劉歆等則用其表示臣下對君主的諫刺。鄭玄將漢人“五諫從諷”説與基於比興的“譬喻”加以整合，由此形成的“諷喻”説强調詩歌的政教性和修辭性，在中古時期影響廣泛。白居易又提出“諷喻詩”的概念，在强調詩歌政教功能的同時，卻强調詩歌語言的直白，與《詩經》學傳統中的“諷諭”説頗爲不同。二者也共同構成宋明以來諷翁説的不同向度。
The ancestral peoples of China long ago recognized two major characteristics of wind: its local nature, and its ability to guide or lead [things]. From this, they developed “wind” as a metaphor for the dissemination of virtue, extending its meaning to that of influence and transmission. Based on these natural attributes, the “Great Preface to the Classic of Poetry” identifies as dual functions of poetry [comprised most prominently by the airs or “winds” feng of the individual states] the civilizing of the people and the admonishment of the ruler, respectively, serving as a unique cultural resource for communication between upper and lower social classes. Through this, “wind” became imbued with poetic significance, and concepts like “wind admonition or remonstrance,” which was commonly used by writers of the Han Dynasty, also gained certain poetic implications. Regarding “wind admonition,” it was initially employed to signify the central government’s moral guidance to local regions, especially border areas, transitioning later during the reigns of Emperor Xuan of Han and Liu Xin to represent subjects’ remonstrance to the ruler. Subsequently, Zheng Xuan (127 – 200) integrated the Han era “five admonitions following instruction” with the idea of analogy based in the classical terminology of simile [bi] and stimulus or metaphor [xing], forming the “admonition with analogy” theory. This emphasizes the political and educational aspects as well as the rhetorical nature of poetry, and exerted broad influence during the medieval period. Bai Juyi (772 – 846) further introduced the concept of “satirical poetry,” emphasizing the directness of poetic language while highlighting the political and pedagogical functions of poetry, which contrasted sharply with the “wind admonition” interpretation that dominated the traditional study of the Classic of Poetry. These two perspectives together constitute two different dimensions of the theory of fengyu as admonition with instruction or metaphor that arose in the Song and Ming dynasties
“虚實”範疇的生成語境與應用場景
Get PDF“虛實”是中國古代文藝理論的重要範疇。“虛”“實”各有多重義項，“虛”之“空虛”“虛假”義與“實”之“充實”“真實”義並置，便生成“虛實”這個二元對立的範疇。“虛實”語義的形成源自先秦兩漢時期諸子對宇宙人生、天道人道的論述，其中儒家“充實之謂美”與道家“致虚極，守静篤”影響最大。應用到文藝理論中，作爲創作方法，“虛實”主要指虚字與實字、虚句與實句的不同作用，虛寫與實寫的表現手法以及虚構與實録的創作方式；作爲作品風格,“虛實”分别指向“空靈”和“質實”等多種文風，涵蓋詩、詞、小説、戲曲以及繪畫、書法等文學藝術類型。
Xu and shi are two important concepts in ancient Chinese literary theory, both of which have multiple meanings. The juxtaposition of xu as “emptiness” and “unreal” with shi as “substance” and “true” creates the binary opposition of xushi as a literary concept. This concept originated from the scholars’ discussions on the universe, life, and the ways of nature during the pre-Qin and Han periods. Confucians pointed out that “substance is called beauty;” and Taoists believed that “reaching the extremity of emptiness to maintain tranquility.” After being applied to literary theory, the philosophical concept transformed to be a creative method and a literary style. As creative methods, xushi refers to the choice of function and content words and sentences. It also refers to the choice of fictionalizing and documenting. As literary styles, xushi indicates various critical standards such as “intangible” and “substantial,” which can be used in evaluating poems, ci song lyrics, fictions, dramas, paintings, calligraphy and other artistic forms
口誦心惟 : “文氣”説的聲音性與文本性
Get PDF在中國傳统文學批評中，“氣”是一個内藴豐富的概念，兼有作者才氣、語句辭氣、篇章氣勢等多層次的含義。本文從“聲音”的角度追溯“文氣”概念的濶源，認爲中國古典文論中的“氣”基本含義即是貫通“人”與“文”的語言聲氣。在文學主要媒介由聲音轉爲文字之後，“文氣”的概念也發生了隱喻化的轉向，被詮釋爲“擬生命體”的文章中内藴的氣力。後世文人一方面通過字法、句法、章法的講求，以細部批評探尋“氣盛則言之短長與聲之高下皆宜”的文字形態，另一方面也用誦讀的方式，不斷重構“文氣”的聲音本源。
In Chinese literary criticism, “qi” is a concept with multi-layered meanings, including the author’s talent, tone of sentence, the coherence of writing, etc. This article traces the origin of the concept of “wenqi” (qi in or of written texts), points out that the basic meaning of “qi” as a literary term is the sound of language. According to ancient Chinese concepts, the human body and speech sounds are both composed of qi. Therefore, qi naturally connects the speaker to the phonetic form of the text. This material connection between speaker and text was split after the primary medium of literature changed from sound to text. Qi transforms from a metonymic concept to a metaphorical concept of the human body. A literary work is compared to a person’s body, and the qi running through it resembles the vitality and organic unity caused by breathing, blood circulation, and body movements. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the one hand, literati applied analysis of diction, syntax, and composition to construct the text form of “qi” in a certain piece of literary work. On the other hand, they also used chant and recitation to re-perform the vocal form of “wenqi”
低收入年長照顧者面對的挑戰研究報告
Get PDF研究目的隨著人口老化、壽命延長，以及長期病患數目的增加，更多人需要非正規照顧。香港缺乏針對年長及低收入照顧者的文獻，本研究旨在瞭解他們照顧家人的經歷、面對之困難，以及現有支援服務對他們有否幫助。
研究方法本研究於2024年3月至6月期間，採用深度訪談 (in-depth interview) 方式，訪問了30位60歲以上，正接受政府財政援助計劃的低收入照顧者。收集的訪問數據，以主題分析方法 (thematic analysis) 處理。
研究結果 九成被訪者的平均每月收入為$5,000或以下。低收入年長照顧者年齡中位數為72歲，平均患有2種長期疾病。每周照顧時數中位數為42小時，照顧年期中位數為8.5年。 被照顧者年齡中位數為78歲，全部都有長期病或癌症，平均患有2種疾病。 被訪者提供多方面的照顧工作，包括膳食 (97%)、陪診 (37%)、家居清潔 (33%) 和協助如廁 (27%)。 被訪照顧者面對多方面的壓力。經濟方面，由於被照顧的家人體弱，需要乘坐的士覆診，亦要自費購買特定藥物和保健品，財政壓力大。 被照顧者自理能力低，情緒不穩定，照顧者經常要處理厭惡性清潔工作，身心俱疲，出現焦慮和失眠。 八成被訪者要獨力照顧家人，支援網絡薄弱。 照顧者使用服務遇上數方面困難，包括不懂得使用電子預約平台、社區缺乏緊急和突發需要的暫托服務、服務質素差和收費過高。
政策建議 放寬照顧者津貼門檻，低收入家庭即使正在領取其它社會保障津貼及受照顧人沒有輪候院舍服務，亦可領取。 推行更具彈性和設置24小時緊急支援服務，應付照顧者即時及突發需要。 簡化暫托服務程序和提供接送支援，並且發展「長者社區保姆」服務。 加強外展接觸有需要照顧者，盡快設立照顧者資料庫，以識別高危照顧者。 立法制定照顧者政策 (Carers’ Policy)，推行「照顧者統一評估」，並根據評估結果提供合適服務