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دائی مِنگ : وقت اور روایات کا امین
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From description to explanation : a dynamic approach to understanding culture
No full textCulture is elusive—pervasive yet often unnoticed. As Clyde Kluckhohn famously noted, Culture is like the air we breathe. Its complexity is reflected in the existence of over 160 definitions (Steinmetz, 1999), prompting scholars to develop numerous approaches to study it. While these approaches have provided valuable insights into the development of diverse cultural traditions, they remain primarily descriptive and correlational. This limitation parallels the early phases of many scientific disciplines, which initially identified their subject matter as substances or structures—fire with phlogiston, heat with caloric, and life with vital fluid. Over time, these sciences evolved to understand their subjects as dynamic processes: combustion for fire, random thermal motion for heat, and complex systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium for life. Similarly, understanding culture demands a shift from static description to dynamic explanation. In response to this challenge, my collaborators and I proposed the dynamic constructivist approach, which examines the causal influence of culture on cognition, affect, and behavior. This framework enables new research directions for understanding how individuals navigate multiple cultural systems and their psychological effects. To illustrate these possibilities, I will present research from my lab on racial essentialism, cultural mixing, and cultural attachment. Taken together, these findings offer deeper insights into the complex processes underlying cultural conflicts worldwide
The malleability of cultural values : overcoming conceptual and methodological challenges
No full textUnderstanding cultural change remains central to social science research. The growing availability of long-term data has renewed interest in analyzing cultural change, sparking debate over its mechanisms. Most scholars agree that existential insecurity influences value change (scarcity hypothesis), but whether it occurs across generations or also within lifetimes remains debated. Inglehart\u27s socialization hypothesis, now represented by the settled disposition model, argues that values formed in pre-adulthood remain stable, with change occurring mainly through intergenerational replacement and limited individual adaptation (Restrepo Ochoa & Vaisey, 2024; Kiley & Vaisey, 2020; Vaisey & Kiley, 2021). However, Tormos (2019) and Akaliyski & Tormos (forthcoming) challenge this, presenting evidence of substantial within-individual value change in Western societies, favoring the alternative active updating model. Using panel and repeated cross-sectional data combined with diverse modelling strategies, we provide empirical evidence for this alternative perspective. We address key debates in cultural change, including individual vs. societal shifts, the often-misunderstood implications of age, period, and cohort effects, and the importance of triangulating across data sources and country contexts. We advocate for a theory-driven approach that considers both exogenous and endogenous influences on value dynamics, reviewing mechanisms of change and discussing improved modelling strategies for understanding these complex processes
Employment status and evaluation of government performance in COVID-19 containment : evidence from China
No full textEvaluation of government performance of citizens is crucial for regime stability as it could help authoritarian regimes to identify and address brewing problems before they fuel public discontent. It can also act as a potential mechanism for improving government performance and public services and establishing a good image of government. Following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, Chinese government has adopted the zero-COVID policy to keep cases as close to zero as possible until December 2022. China’s job market also faced big pressure from the economic downturn caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic is a shock that impact the all the people, and it could have far-reaching consequences; therefore, the understanding of public evaluation of Chinese government’s zero-COVID policy is crucial.
Therefore, using data from China at both the individual and provincial levels, this study aims to examine the impact of employment status on public evaluation of government performance during the Covid-19 pandemic in China with multilevel analysis. The results reveal that the employed people were more likely to have a lower increase in their evaluation of the government performance in containing pandemic compared to unemployed people. Additionally, this study also employs causal mediation analysis and the public attitudes toward anti-pandemic policies is the mediator. The results show that employment status can have a significant impact on evaluation of government and medical system performance in COVID-19 containment through public attitudes towards anti-pandemic measures. The text analysis and interview analysis further explained the possible mechanisms for the effect of employment status on evaluation of government performance in COVID-19 containment. The research finding has broader implications for public policy and public opinion research in China
探討李碧華《青蛇》小說的謊言與禁忌
No full text李碧華是當代香港最受歡迎的作家之一，她的小說多次被拍成電影，而且作品往往改寫經典文本，本文探討的《青蛇》也屬於這類型的故事新篇。然而，筆者認為其作品蘊含的謊言元素雖然與其主題息息相關，卻常常被忽略。因此，本論文從《青蛇》中各角色説謊的表現，探討李碧華對《白蛇傳》故事謊言的繼承與改編，分析謊言突破禁忌，呈現與人性欲望的關係。本文將從人妖、倫理、宗教三方面分析角色的謊言如何打破禁忌：第一章從謊言促成人妖戀出發，延伸至第二章謊言如何維持倫理秩序，第三章再討論謊言如何導致宗教在小説中的顛覆性
《日熄》中的夢與神實主義──論閻連科的元小說創作
No full text閻連科的長篇小說《日熄》（2015）以十四歲皋田村村民李念念的視角述敍夢境中所發生的連串荒誕事件為主線，作者同時設置一位同姓名的作家進入文本，融入自己對寫作的反思為輔線。本文將以《日熄》中的「夢遊」元素為研究對象，結合作者閻連科所提出的「神實主義」和自上世紀八十年代中國先鋒派以來的「元小說」敍事傳統為理論，針對文本進行細讀。本文首先分析「神實主義」與「元小說」如何融合並體現在小說的時間與空間，繼而在此設置上提出「夢遊」。這兩項特別設定的並置，使閻連科小說的敍事體驗得以成立。下文將進一步探索「夢遊」如何反映作者的寫作焦慮以及對（中國）社會狀況的感悟。最後本文將分析完結書中的「夢遊」設定的兩次焚燒，即自焚與焚書的隱喻，並籍以比對兩版出版書的結局段落，闡釋作者如何在故事結局中再次實踐「神實主義」和「元小說」敍事
離散與植根──以廖克發的《菠蘿蜜》為例
No full text古往今來，全球人口常有流動，移民、定居早已成普遍現象。華人的離散經驗成就無數當代馬華文藝經典，華人的身份早已被不斷重構。在馬華導演廖克發的視野中，離散華人不再是單一焦點，禁忌歷史中和當代來自各國的離散者被聚集在《菠蘿蜜》，他的人文關懷讓隔代各國的離散者被發現，打破長久以來着重於離散華人的馬華文藝傳統。
談及「離散」，過去有學者提出「離散有其終時」，認為離散者到了異地應該落地生根，擺脫離散。筆者認為廖克發呈現了離散者在離散與反離散之間的遊離狀態，離散者到了異地定居，卻無法融入當地，甚至面臨被驅逐的可能。有見及此，本文將以《菠蘿蜜》的三種離散經驗，探討離散者的鄉愁與植根困難，反思離散者在異地植根的可能性。
本論文首先分析電影中的人物離散的原因，研究廖克發如何將兩代離散者連繫。第三章討論鄉愁和困頓的呈現，分析離散者與原鄉的關係及在異地的生存困境。第四章將先分析離散者如何逃離苦悶，再分析逃離的成效，最後反思離散者在異地植根的可能性
論周曉楓的生態女性主義書寫──以《有如候鳥》中鳥類意象為例
No full text中國當代作家周曉楓以「小說式散文」著稱，其作品融合小說情節的跌宕起伏與散文的非虛構內核。動物題材是她創作的重要部分，通過動物與人的互動，揭示中國當代社會的現象和問題，並融入女性經驗書寫，探討動物與女性之間的神秘聯系及其對生存空間的影響。《有如候鳥》（2017）通過女性生命經驗，講述女性與候鳥的聯系，是中國當代文學中首次顯著體現生態女性主義的作品。
本文從生態女性主義理論出發，分析《有如候鳥》中的三個代表性鳥類意象：大雁、鷗鳥和鴿子。大雁象征女性意識的啟蒙；鷗鳥隱喻女性在當代社會中的多重生存處境；鴿子則關聯女性的離散與再生。這些意象展現了女性與自然的共同困境，反映了中國當代女性面臨的壓迫與挑戰。
本文分為五部分：緒論介紹作家背景、理論框架及研究意義；第二至四章分別分析三種鳥類意象；結語總結全文觀點
未有《嘉興藏》之前 : 萬曆初年的江南刻經運動
No full text學界以往曾發現不少出現在《嘉興藏》正式開雕之前的早期刊本，但未對此現象做出相應的解釋。本文依據傳世藏經文獻中的牌記、序跋記載，加上晚明僧俗精英們的别集著述，考察了“前嘉興藏”時期複雜的刻經經歷，追溯江南地區系统刊刻佛教經藏的地點，最早出現在嘉興東禪寺，發起者是千松明得禪師。而由於各種客觀條件影響，萬曆十年之後，這一刻經事業由晚輩高僧、學界所熟悉的紫柏真可禪師及其僧俗團隊繼續，並逐漸形成刊刻全藏的理想共識。紫柏刻經團隊早期嘗試刻經的地點不止一處，通過當時精英的别集文獻考察，其正式開刻地曾有松江府的金澤鎮、蘇州府的吳江縣等處，而納入早期刻藏經場考察的地方，則包括餘杭徑山、山東嶗山等多地。這些刻經地的選擇，出於當時紫柏僧團的交遊、教内外支持及現實的經濟、交通等多重考慮。最終萬曆十七年初夏，紫柏的刻經團隊正式開刻《嘉興藏》，並把正式刻經地放到了五臺山妙德庵，四年後轉而回到徑山，成爲長期的刻經場地。在“五臺山—徑山”刻藏的敘述成型之後，《嘉興藏》早期刻經的書寫與記憶逐漸被人遺忘。本文通過梳理各部傳世文獻中的相關線索，尤其日記文獻與經藏牌記等之前不被佛教史研究者關注的材料，發掘出晚明僧俗精英於《嘉興藏》籌備期所付出的諸多努力，及其所經歷的各種艱辛與曲折。
Previous academic research on the Jiaxing Tripitaka has found many early editions that appeared before the official printing, but no corresponding explanation has been provided for this phenomenon. This article examines the complex experience of Printing Tripitaka during the “Pre Jiaxing Tripitaka” period based on the records of plaques and prefaces in the surviving, as well as the collected works of the late Ming Buddhist and Lay elites. It traces back to the location of the systematic printing of Buddhist scriptures in the Jiangnan region, which first appeared in Dongchan Temple in Jiaxing, initiated by Master Qiansong Mingde. Due to various objective conditions, after ten years of the Wanli reign, at this moment, the Publishing business were continued by the younger generation of eminent monks and the well-known Zen master Zibai Zhenke and his team of monks and laypeople, gradually forming an ideal consensus for the publication of the entire collection. The Zibai printing peam attempted to carve scriptures in more than one location in the early days. According to the records of literati at that time, their official carving sites included Jinze Town in Songjiang Prefecture, Wujiang County in Suzhou Prefecture, and other places. The places included in the early carving and storage site investigation included many places such as Jingshan in Yuhang and Laoshan in Shandong. The selection of these scripture carving sites was based on multiple considerations such as the social connections of the Zibai at that time, support from both inside and outside the religion, as well as practical economic and transportation factors. In the early summer of the 17th year of the Wanli reign, Zibai’s scripture carving team officially began carving the “Jiaxing Tripitaka” and placed the initial official scripture carving site at Miao De An Temple in Wutai Mountain. Four years later, they returned to Jingshan and became a long-term scripture carving site. After the narrative of the “Wutai Mountain-Jingshan” printing tripitaka took shape, the writing and memory of the early printing in Jiaxing Tripitaka gradually became forgotten. This article explores the various efforts made by the late Ming Buddhist and secular elites during the preparation period of the Jiaxing Tripitaka, as well as the various hardships and twists and turns they experienced, by sorting out relevant clues from various handed down documents, especially diary documents and sutra records that were not previously studied by Buddhist historians
Evaluating the application of a play-based intervention on emotion comprehension, regulation and prosocial behaviours in young children in Hong Kong
No full textEmotions are the core of human survival and development. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the need for social-emotional programmes that support young children’s emotion comprehension, regulation and prosocial skills. Therefore, a community-based, play-focused programme was devised using the process model of emotion regulation encapsulated in the ‘bioecological framework’, which highlights the roles of the child and their caregivers (i.e., parents and teachers) and how these microsystems interact to influence the child’s development. The study focused on young children between 3 and 6 years old and their parents, with the support of teachers. This study aimed to evaluate the programme’s potential effects on children’s emotion comprehension, emotion regulation, and prosocial behaviours, which are key to social-emotional development, learning, and well-being. The programme targeted 285 participants (parents=102; teachers=14; children=169), with data being collected using mixed evaluation methods at each of the three phases. The phases were categorised as follows: 1) Phase I, which involved parent and teacher (caregiver) insights on the socialisation of social-emotional behaviours in young children through focus group interviews; 2) Phase II, which entailed designing and developing a play-based training package guided by caregivers’ insights and cooperative inquiry in the team; and 3) Phase III, which entailed implementation and evaluation of the programme in both home and school settings over six months through assessments, reports and participation. Results suggested that such a programme could benefit young children’s social-emotional competencies from an early age with the potential for positive outcomes in emotion comprehension, regulation and prosocial behaviours, which may, in turn, influence the child’s ability to learn. Children’s language score was positively associated with increases in some social-emotional outcomes compared to parent participation. These findings highlight the potential for emotion regulation-focused training and home-school collaboration to ensure child-directed programme sustainability and feasibility. Cultural and contextual adaptations and parent and teacher inclusiveness were vital considerations when implementing community-based programmes for young children