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The Confucian path to utopia : Liao Ping’s theory of great harmony, 1897–1918
No full textSeeing utopia as “the expression of the desire for a better way of being” and a term that encompasses both the meanings of “good place” and “no place,” this thesis examines the theoretical interaction between Western utopianism and the concept of great harmony, or Datong, which emerged from the study of ancient Chinese classics. It focuses on the late Qing to early Republican period through the case of Liao Ping (1852–1932), a new-text Confucian scholar from Sichuan province, China. As an eminent scholar, Liao was deeply exposed to and influenced by Western concepts and literature during the time of political and intellectual crisis in the late Qing and the early republican period. For instance, he may have read the Chinese translations of Looking Backward (1888) by Edward Bellamy (1850–1898) and The Time Machine (1895) by H.G. Wells (1866–1946). This thesis explores how Liao Ping absorbed and incorporated these new ideas into his reform of Chinese classics studies and his theory of great harmony during his third to fifth stages (1897–1918). Furthermore, the paper compares Liao Ping’s and Kang Youwei’s (1858–1927) different interpretations and applications of Datong, particularly in their utopian narratives, such as Kang’s Datongshu (1913) and Liao’s The Theory of Great Harmony (1913). This thesis argues Liao Ping’s theory of great harmony represents a form of “Confucian utopia,” bridging the gap between utopia and great harmony, which originate from distinct cultural backgrounds. Moreover, influenced by utopianism, Liao Ping’s reconstruction of ancient classical studies ultimately led what he sought to preserve to a place of nowhere, more specifically, to the disintegration of Confucianism following the 1911 Revolution in China
Youth creative writing on Chinese social media : a multimodal study of bullet comments on \u3ci\u3eBilibili\u3c/i\u3e from an integrated perspective
No full textThis study examines young users’ creative writing practices and mediated experiences on Chinese social media, focusing specifically on bullet comments on Bilibili, a popular Chinese video-sharing platform. As a distinctive digital writing feature embedded within video design, bullet comments offer fruitful opportunities to explore multimodality in Chinese social media while challenging existing multimodal theoretical perspectives. To address limitations in the traditional social semiotic approach—particularly regarding the problematic conceptualization and utilization of modes—for the study of technology-mediated written communication, this research introduces an integrated multimodal perspective built on three interrelated strands: orality, temporality, and embodiment.
Employing digital ethnography and participant observation, the study engages with young users’ fan activities through bullet comments. Data were gathered from creative written discourses associated with two contrasting Bilibili productions: Chubbyemu’s American medical stories presented in English, and the Huanong Brothers’ narrative of rural life in China. Both productions are highly reflexive of the dynamic Chinese cyber culture, characterized by youth (sub)cultures, affect, commodification, and (vernacular) creativity. Analysis of these fan communities reveals a profound interplay among orality cultures, multilayered and non-linear temporalities, and embodied experiences—all enabled by the technological and semiotic affordances of bullet comments that shape users’ creative writing practices.
This thesis contributes to multimodality and Chinese media studies in several key ways. First, it enhances theoretical frameworks of multimodality by introducing a triad of orality, temporality, and embodiment that offers an integrated perspective on meaning making in multimodal interactions mediated by social media technologies. This triad articulates multimodal phenomena beyond simplistic categorizations of modes and isolated sign structures, emphasizing the crucial role of user agency and context in meaning-making processes. Second, it provides a holistic analysis of the dynamic Chinese Internet culture, capturing latest sociocultural and economic changes, such as affective communication, vernacular creativity, fan economy, and rural economy, thus empirically enriching both multimodal and media studies. Third, this study adopts a mixed-methods approach that combines social semiotics and digital ethnography, demonstrating innovative methodologies for analyzing complex, hybrid digital discourse, as well as offering practical insights from participant observation within new forms of technology-mediated communities and cultures. Finally, this thesis concludes by raising critical questions about the negative effects of technology and suggesting implications for future research, particularly in relation to transplatform practices and increased application of more embodied and sophisticated digital technologies
Investigating the effects of cognitive loads on serial dependence and metacognition in visual working memory
No full textHumans tend to perceive the physical world based on the input from the recent past, a phenomenon known as serial dependence. Serial dependence typically results in an attractive bias toward prior stimuli to maintain perceptual stability. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether cognitive loads can modulate serial dependence and metacognitive processes may depend on serial dependence. In this study, we investigate how memory and perceptual loads affect serial dependence, memory precision, and metacognition in visual working memory.
In Experiment 1, we manipulated memory load by varying set sizes. During each trial, 1, 3 or 6 Gabor patches (as a between-subjects factor) would be briefly presented on the computer screen. Participants needed to reproduce the Gabor orientation at the target location after a random delay, then indicate their confidence rating on their judgment. The target Gabor orientation difference between two consecutive trials was manipulated and randomly chosen from 11 values, ranging from -75° to +75° (15° apart).
In Experiment 2, the design was similar except we added the manipulation of perceptual load by varying luminance contrast levels (high, medium and low). Both set sizes and luminance contrast levels were within-subjects factors. The target Gabor orientation difference was randomly chosen from -75° to +75°. Together, we found that, while memory and perceptual loads independently modulated serial dependence, they interacted to influence memory precision and confidence judgments. Notably, memory precision showed greater improvement between successive similar stimuli, but participants were metacognitively insensitive to this precision improvement. This dissociation between performance and metacognition implies that subjective confidence may not always be a reliable indicator of actual task performance, especially when performance changes depending on preceding stimuli in a series
Smartphone attachment in emerging adults : impact on mental health through basic psychological needs
No full textIn the digital era, smartphones have become integral to daily life, fulfilling various emotional needs. Mirroring human attachment, past studies have found people can develop three types of attachment to smartphone: secure (comfortable, dependable connection), anxious (intense emotional reliance with separation anxiety) and avoidant (preference for independence from one’ s phone) attachment. However, little is known about how these types of smartphone attachment relate to mental health over time. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the relationship between smartphone attachment and mental health is unknown. To fill these gaps, based on the attachment theory, this study examined the longitudinal associations between smartphone attachment and mental health (indexed by psychological distress, social anxiety, and well-being). Additionally, based on self-determination theory, we elucidated the mechanisms by testing the mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration.
A two-wave longitudinal study with a six-month interval was conducted among emerging adults ages 18-25 at T1 (N = 749; 236 males, 31.51%; 513 females, 68.49%) from Mainland China (n = 476; 137 males, 28.78%; 339 females, 71.22%) and the United States (n =273; 99 males, 36.26%; 174 females, 63.74%). This developmental group is a critical demographic transitioning from adolescence to full adulthood. They are characterized by profound identity exploration and the pursuit of independence and intimate relationships, and thus particularly susceptible to the influences of smartphone use on their mental health. Cross-lagged panel models were used to test the temporal and reciprocal associations between smartphone attachment styles, basic psychological needs, and mental health outcomes.
Results revealed that avoidant smartphone attachment was associated with more favorable psychological outcomes, both concurrently and longitudinally. It predicted higher well-being and lower psychological distress six months later, through lower need frustration, and was itself stable and unaffected by prior mental health states. In contrast, secure and anxious smartphone attachments showed only concurrent associations with need experience and mental health in a maladaptive way but did not predict changes in mental health over time. The results suggest that they may operate as stable traits that coexist with but do not dynamically influence mental health outcomes across time.
Theoretically, the findings from this research deepen our understanding of the relationship between human beings and smartphones from an attachment perspective by highlighting avoidant smartphone attachment as a potentially adaptive style in certain contexts. They also underscore the role of basic psychological needs (especially need frustration) as a meaningful mechanism linking technology-related attachment to well-being. Future study could test the hypothesized model in other human-technology relationships. Practically, the results inform the development of interventions aimed at fostering healthier digital habits and promoting mental health in the digital age. Future research should explore these dynamics using longer timeframes or intensive longitudinal methods to capture short- and long-term psychological processes in everyday life
巴士病
No full text身處都市的你，可曾見過一類看似正常，甚至善於社交的人，他們感性、共情能力強，但又時常在掙扎於親密和疏遠間；他們想被人愛，又害怕與人親近，忽冷忽熱的態度讓他人捉摸不透的同時，更時刻消耗著他們自身的心力，「這不算病」、「不過是矯情的藉口」的輿論讓他們猶疑自己的感情是否真的出了問題，更不敢承認，他們只能壓抑並以某些「怪癖」躲避不受控的情緒，往往這類人被歸類為「迴避型依戀人格」，而這個人，又會不會是你？
主角若安在即將大學畢業的期間，抱著不得已融入同齡人圈子的心態，憑一顆堅守原則、特立獨行，甚至有些偏執的心，在都市中前後邂逅了琬、婭等以前他不會接觸到的人，也遭遇了人生第一次至親逝世的變故，慢慢察覺到自己內心的異樣，他既求變，又身陷「迴避」，在一次又一次的矛盾中步向茫然。
迴避型依戀人格大體上是個很廣的議題，現實中不同性格的人「迴避」的程度和表現各有不同，小說主角未必能盡現迴避型依戀的特徵，但當中呈現出來的行為和心理活動大多是筆者基於生活經驗以及觀察杜撰而成，礙於孱弱的文筆與創意，可能無法深入人心，若讀者讀到某處情節或某句話時能獲得一絲共鳴便足夠了
一輛會移動的孤島
No full text在這篇散文中，作者詳細記錄了「我」在成長過程中，人生不同的經歷，以及面對生離死別的感情。「我」在回顧之前往事時，不僅是對過去的眷戀，更是對生活、友情、愛情，以及自我的探索。從一開始親人離世，到後來嘗試接受離別的課題，更甚主動提出分開的關係。最後更求問：在自我的探索中，到底我是一個怎樣的人？這些經歷又造就了一個怎樣複雜的自我形象？
在文章中，不難看出一個人為適應不同的生活和關係變化而有了成長的機會。每段關係不但是作者的回憶，更是「我」在一次次面對不同人生課題時的反思、學習和成長，思考難道人生的盡頭便是孤獨嗎，作者最後更把自己比喻為一輛慢慢前進的巴士，一座經歷滄桑歲月的孤島
緣遊
No full text在二零二四年九月十四日，從未踏足歐洲的我，獨自前往英國赫特福德大學（University of Hertfordshire），開啟交換生生涯。在陌生的國度裏，相遇與離別如同車窗外掠過的風景般稍縱即逝──我遇見許多人，經歷許多事，但終須離開。最後決定用文字記錄這段旅程，《緣遊》就此誕生。《緣遊》意指由緣分安排的旅行，隱含啟程的初衷。而在整理文稿時，某個身影始終若隱若現。我未曾刻意為之，或許，這正是「緣遊」最深邃的注解。
No matter what form it takes, we will eventually meet. ──法國友人
從文本到銀幕：《長恨歌》電影改編中的敘事與影像轉變
No full text在電影與文學的交匯點上，改編成為一種獨特的藝術形式，它不僅考驗導演對原著精神的掌握，也是對原作進行再創造的過程。電影改編不僅僅是文本的複製，它涉及文化、社會背景、敘事技巧和觀眾期待的多維度轉換。本文以王安憶的《長恨歌》及其電影改編為案例，深入剖析電影改編與文本之間的優劣對比，探討改變的原因以及它們之間的差異。
論文共分為五個章節，系統性地探討了改編過程中的多方面變化：第一章「緒論」，概述了研究的背景、目的和意義，同時回顧了當前學術界關於文學作品電影改編的相關研究成果，為後續章節的深入分析奠定了理論基礎。第二章「政治性與時代性的缺失」則探討了政治元素在改編過程中的簡化，分析了香港97回歸對電影主題的影響，以及比較了文本與電影在表現三個時代特徵上的差異。第三章「文學性的削弱」分析了文學性在電影中的減少，特別是敘事手法的改變和意象的缺失。第四章「女性角色的弱化和敘事視角的差異」，則關注了女性角色在文本與電影改編之間的不同。第五章「結語」，本文將透過票房和作者意見等證據來說明電影改編的失敗之處
段注「引伸假借」初探
No full text「引申」和「假借」是兩個詞義發展的概念，我們從小到大都有接觸，深信大家都能分辨清楚「引申」是與字的本義有關；「假借」是與字的發音有關。然而，當「引申」和「假借」連用——成為「引申假借」時，大家又能否知道其真正含義呢？清代大儒段玉裁在其著作《説文解字注》共有44處使用「引申假借」這個術語：：14處：「引申叚借」、6處「引伸叚借」以及24處：「引伸假借」：。惟文章篇幅有限，本文遂以《説文解字注》裏提及最多的——24處：「引伸假借」條目作為基礎，依照現今學者對於「引申」和「假借」的定義，對《説文解字注》「引伸假借」的條目作出初步探究，為此24處「引伸假借」作分類考證以及意義辯證的研究
《牡丹亭》——女性的精神桃花源
No full text世人常以借屍還魂之無稽性妄評《牡丹亭》，殊不知湯顯祖筆下的傳奇故事是反映女性困境的明鏡。那些諷刺「無稽之談」者，未見杜麗娘的真正死因。她並非死於對男性的追求，而是死於理學導致的精神萎靡。死而復生的情節是無稽的，其中蘊含對生命的沉思卻有普遍性意義。明朝的女性犧牲者以死明「志」，美其名日「烈女」、「烈婦」，實則只是一個個死在扭曲價值觀下的冤魂。湯顯祖對麗娘一角的形象塑造、成長軌跡的規劃、對回生情節的設計，均是他對病態社會開出的一劑藥方，同時這也是對於那些想要一了百了的女性的挽留。他撰寫了《牡丹亭》，嘗試展現建構現實桃花源的方法。建立桃花源的初衷是想為女性帶來生的希望，鼓勵她們踏出為自己爭取幸福的那一步。他對女性的關懷和鼓勵，超越了時代對他的局限。
因此本文旨在分析文中潛藏的關懷女性意識，解構湯顯祖藉《牡丹亭》塑造女性的精神桃花源，並探究其以回生情節作為轉折點，表示其對現實桃花源的思考和建構