Journals at Carleton University
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…of the Dead: The Rhizomatic Turn in Tales of the Zombie
No full textContagion increasingly overlays other social concerns infecting our world, such as racial oppression and climate crises, and thus renders all other issues invisible. The rhizombie, however, is a theoretical framework that posits contagion as interconnected with these other issues in complex, rhizomatic entanglements. The rhizombie is informed by a combination of Gilles Deleuze and Pierre-Félix Guattari’s rhizome and Donna Haraway’s multispecies work. Each of these methodologies propose a multiplicity, but they differ in when, where, how, and with whom their multiplicities manifest. Throughout their nearly hundred-year history, zombie narratives have evolved to reflect a need for multiplicity thinking and thus requiring new theoretical approaches. The combination of increased globalization, increased diversity in horror, and the inability to differentiate when and where one contemporary issue begins or ends results in the zombie’s body becoming largely rhizomatic. The rhizombie is thus not simply the zombie as an allegory of singular, individual threats, in the manner that the figure of the zombie has been so well used and analysed since they first shuffled into our narratives (as, for example, contagion, capitalism, climate change, consumption, or systems of racialized oppression). Understanding the zombie as rhizomatic highlights the figure as an embodiment of the complex entanglements of all of these threats and more, and how they feed on and in turn reproduce each other: threats of the past, present, and future; biological threats that are human, animal, plant, fungi, and pathogen; social threats of racial oppression, colonialism, political paranoia, and terrorism; and anthropocentric threats of viruses and climate crises. The rhizombie exists in the interplay of all of these and more, a multiplicity of metaphors shuffling—and sometimes galloping—as both individuals and hordes
Challenges in Providing Safety Planning and Risk Management for Victims of Domestic Violence and Their Children
No full textPolice play a critical role in the overall safety of domestic violence (DV) victims and their child(ren).
Police need to take a more proactive role in safety planning (SP) with victims and their child(ren) and risk management (RM) with perpetrators of domestic violence to avoid missed opportunities to prevent tragedies from happening.
There is a need for police organizations to formalize training, policies, and directives specific to SP and RM for adult victims of DV and their child(ren)
An Examination of Calls for Service Handled by Single- Versus Double-Crewed Patrol Units in Oakland, California
No full textMany police agencies deploy their patrol officers in single-crewed (i.e., one-officer) units. Some police agencies, especially large agencies, deploy their patrol officers in double-crewed (i.e., two-officer) units.
Little difference exists among the call-related output (e.g., number of calls for service handled, time on-scene at calls for service, etc.) of patrol units by crewed status. Potential differences may exist, though, in the seriousness of calls for service handled by patrol units.
Calls for service data present unique opportunities to retrospectively explore patrol officer activity, however these data exhibit limitations that must be acknowledged when used as part of research projects
How Did They Do It? Success Factors for Women Pursuing Positions on Elite Police Specialty Units
No full text32 U.S. women police officers holding positions on elite specialty units were interviewed to understand how they earned their positions and to compile advice for others.
Participants’ advice – which included making good use of one’s patrol assignment and training for the selection process early– indicated that preparing for an elite assignment is a rigorous and long term process.
The findings offer guidance for women who are likely to encounter roadblocks as they pursue elite specialty positions. Agencies, recruiters, trainers, mentors, and others can also use the information to help aspiring officers prepare
The Continuation of Overrepresentation in Canadian Corrections: The Failure of Risk Assessments and the Misuse of Solitary Confinement with Indigenous Offenders
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Differences Between Visual Search Behaviour and Body-Worn Camera Footage During a Use of Force Response by Active-Duty Police Officers
No full textOfficers have visual scan strategies and rely on neck and head actions when scanning for threats that provide a wider field of view than a body-worn camera (BWC). The study in the source article determined how an officer’s visual scanning of a simulated use of force encounter differed from digital information captured by BWCs.
Officers detected behavioural cues of actual and potential threats in the encounter that the BWCs missed. In fact, eye-tracking glasses worn by officers captured every pre-determined critical event examined by the researchers more frequently than their BWCs.
During post-event investigations of use of force incidents, the interpretation of footage from BWCs may lead to faulty conclusions by missing critical events that drive officer actions but are not captured by their BWC
Drawings of complete multipartite graphs up to triangle flips
No full textFor a drawing of a labeled graph, the rotation of a vertex or crossing is the cyclic order of its incident edges, represented by the labels of their other endpoints. The extended rotation system (ERS) of the drawing is the collection of the rotations of all vertices and crossings. A drawing is simple if each pair of edges has at most one common point. Gioan\u27s Theorem states that for any two simple drawings of the complete graph with the same crossing edge pairs, one drawing can be transformed into the other by a sequence of triangle flips (also known as Reidemeister moves of Type 3). This operation refers to the act of moving one edge of a triangular cell formed by three pairwise crossing edges over the opposite crossing of the cell, via a local transformation.
We investigate to what extent Gioan-type theorems can be obtained for wider classes of graphs. A necessary (but in general not sufficient) condition for two drawings of a graph to be transformable into each other by a sequence of triangle flips is that they have the same ERS. As our main result, we show that for the large class of complete multipartite graphs, this necessary condition is in fact also sufficient. We present two different proofs of this result, one of which is shorter, while the other one yields a polynomial time algorithm for which the number of needed triangle flips for graphs on vertices is bounded by . The latter proof uses a Carathéodory-type theorem for simple drawings of complete multipartite graphs, which we believe to be of independent interest.
Moreover, we show that our Gioan-type theorem for complete multipartite graphs is essentially tight in the following sense: For the complete bipartite graph minus two edges and plus one edge for any , as well as minus a 4-cycle for any , there exist two simple drawings with the same ERS that cannot be transformed into each other using triangle flips. So having the same ERS does not remain sufficient when removing or adding very few edges
Extensional Viscosity Measurement using Force Tensiometer
No full textA K100 force tensiometer was used to find the extensional viscosity of Newtonian fluids such as water and oils. We tracked the thinning of fluids driven by capillarity while considering resistance from inertia, viscosity, and other stresses induced by the extensional deformation. Results help understand extensional viscosity characteristics, the K100 force tensiometer’s versatile utility for viscosity analysis, and validate mathematical models for D10, S60, and D1000 oils