Journals at Carleton University
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Facilitating Effective and Meaningful Community Engagement Projects
No full textAbstract not available
Comparing Police Decision-Making Errors and Stress Arousal During Video and Live Requalification Scenarios
No full textDespite the popularity in virtual reality (VR) simulation systems, there is a lack of research investigating how the presentation simulations (live vs. video) impact police performance.
The research examined lethal force decision-making and heart rate (HR) among 187 Canadian police officers completing their annual re-qualification evaluation, which involved both live reality-based scenarios and video-based simulations that were projected onto a wall.
Officers made more lethal force errors and had lower maximum heart rate during the video simulations compared to the live ones, which has implications for how officers are trained and evaluated.
Before investing limited funding on virtual simulation training to enhance performance in highpressure situations, police agencies should consider the findings reported in this research
Deterrent and Motivating Considerations for Entry into the Jamaica Constabulary Force
No full textOver the years, motivation for entry into policing has declined due to internal (methods of recruitment) as well as external factors (public perceptions of police).
Motivations for selecting policing as a career in Jamaica include being viewed positively, job stability, personal connections to police officers, providing citizen security and the ability to enforce laws, personal development and self‑improvement, and being an exemplar to others.
Deterrents for entry into the police profession in Jamaica include negative perceptions of the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), the lengthy recruitment process, and perceptions of police corruption in Jamaica.
Motivating factors that influence decisions to enter the JCF can be used as building blocks to attract new recruits, while the deterrent factors can be used to improve the recruitment process and rebrand the image of the JCF so as to make it more attractive to potential police recruits.
Police Training Revisited: Meeting the Demands of Conflict Training with a New Constraints-Led Approach
No full textRecent data indicate that police officers often feel unprepared for the ambiguous and unpredictable situations they face.
The Constraints-Led Approach (CLA) to training can make police training more realistic and effective, as well as enhance retention and transfer of core psychomotor skills. CLA-based training emphasizes active, hands-on training that gradually includes key constraints (contexts) of real-life police operations.
Initial studies show that CLA-based training can support police officers’ development of practical problem-solving skills in realistic scenarios in ways superior to traditional technique-based instruction
Improving Police-Citizen Interactions Through Trauma-Informed Policing
No full textTrauma, whether from personal experiences like abuse or from systemic discrimination, shapes how people respond to authority. Traditional policing can increase distress for those who have experienced trauma, but trauma-informed policing can help decrease distress.
Trauma-informed policing is becoming more common as awareness grows about trauma’s impact on mental health and police-community interactions. This approach prioritizes empathy, safety, and support to prevent re-traumatization and encourage healing.
Adopting trauma-informed practices can build trust between police and community members, which is essential for effective policing. These practices make victims feel safe and supported while improving officers’ mental health, creating a healthier, more productive work environment
Introduction:: The Power of Horror Compels You: Exploring Historical and Modern Genre Conventions
No full textThe evolution of Western horror is a vast and deep topic for which there may be no end, but these pieces provide an excellent starting point. While the subsequent pages might not free horror from generic margins, the following pages combine a series of popular media, cultural objects, and conceptual frameworks and calls for reconsidering a genre that, too often, relegated to the status of drawing once more on Storey and Shapiro, “the Gothic\u27s embarrassing twin—sometimes synonymous, sometimes a subcategory, sometimes a different thing altogether” (2). The authors worked in the tradition of exploring, critiquing, celebrating and reconsidering horror, “in all its historical and aesthetic variations, describes both a definable cultural object and a general tone or affect, a canon and also a visual and verbal language” (Storey and Shapiro 2). We hope you find something within this volume that scares, excites, and intrigues you
To Activate or Not? Examining Police Decisions on Body-Worn Camera Activation
No full textThis study examined body-worn camera activations across calls for service and officer-initiated policing activities using data from the Milwaukee Police Department in 2017.
Both calls for service and officer-initiated activities that involved greater potential risk, such as calls for violent crimes, traffic stops, and subject stops had the highest activation rates.
Interactions with community members resulting in arrest, detainment, citation, or advisement had higher activation rates.
Given the variation across officers and event types, both departmental policy and officer discretion may be important influences on activation
The Importance of Context when Defining De-Escalation in Policing
No full textDe-escalation remains loosely defined in policing, with no agreement on the specific tactics officers should use. This lack of clarity makes it challenging to develop standardized evidencebased training and policies.
Police officers who were interviewed and surveyed emphasized that de-escalation is not a one-size-fits-all approach. De-escalation is context-dependent, and it must be adapted to each situation. Further, de-escalation may not always work.
The authors of the source article recommend a definition of de-escalation and suggest that agencies refine training and policies to better integrate de-escalation principles into police practice
