Journals at Carleton University
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"Safety is more than just a one-time thing": Student Experiences and Perceptions of Campus Safety Officers
No full text“The deepest levels of demonic depravity”: An Analysis of Far-Right YouTube Videos on Mass Shootings
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Creating Supportive Spaces: Understanding if Trauma, Diversity, and Inclusivity Training for Probation and Parole Officers Influences Client Behaviour
No full textIndividuals serving community sentences represent a diverse population, with a variety of needs and unique lived experiences. Understanding how to support these clients to promote positive change is an important avenue of research. A new training curriculum—Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General’s Made-in-Ontario Core Correctional Practices (CCP) Model of Community Supervision- was designed to address this by training probation and parole officers on a set of behaviours described as Trauma Diversity and Inclusivity (TDI) pillars. The study seeks to investigate whether probation and parole officers use of TDI pillars increased post implementation of the ministry’s model. A sample of probation and parole officer case files for clients on probation (pre-training, n = 152, and post-training, n = 134) were coded to compare TDI use. This study also seeks to investigate if TDI skills correlate with client engagement and effort, and positive probation outcomes during supervision.
The opinions and views expressed in this report reflect those of the author and not the Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General. This project was done with the support of the Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General
The Role of Need Satisfaction and Frustration in Moderating the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Stress Among University Students
No full textResearch on social media has rarely considered subjective need experiences and how they are related to stress. I hypothesized that need frustration during social media use would amplify the relationship between time spent on social media and stress, whereas need satisfaction during social media use would diminish the relationship. Students (N = 151; Mage = 19.36, SD = 3.77 years, female = 71.5%) completed two self-report surveys one-week apart. Hayes’ (2021) PROCESS macro was used to test moderation. Bivariate correlations revealed that need frustration during social media use was negatively related to stress (rTime1 = .36, rTime2 = .24) and time spent on social media (rTime1 = .30). Need satisfaction was negatively related to stress (rTime1 = -.33, rTime2 = -.24). No significant moderation results were found for need satisfaction (p = .21) and frustration (p = .08). Further research is needed to clarify potential methodological issues that may have contributed to null results
Examining the Outgroup Empathy Gap: When Does Perceived Similarity Matter?
No full textEmpathy is a social tool highlighted for its role in promoting compassion and understanding for others, including members of the community beyond our close personal relationships. Empathy can increase prosocial behaviour and reduce prejudice, yet there is an observable empathy gap in cross-group contexts. Bridging this gap is critical, especially at a time when group identity is a contributing factor to extreme social polarization. Studies have attempted to increase outgroup empathy, some finding that similarity plays a key role in facilitating it. However, these studies manipulated similarity unidimensionally, either at the level of personal identity or within the broader intergroup context. The current study extends past work by manipulating similarity across multiple levels of identity, examining both the interpersonal and intergroup identities to understand the nuanced relationship between similarity and outgroup empathy. A sample of university students completed an online study that manipulated perceptions of similarity and dissimilarity with an imagined outgroup member across both the intergroup and interpersonal contexts, followed by a measure of outgroup empathy. Results found that outgroup empathy did not significantly differ between different combinations of similarity and dissimilarity at the intergroup and interpersonal levels, raising the question of, \u27when does perceived similarity matter\u27? Further research could shed light on the results of this study by investigating the contexts in which manipulations of similarity are capable of impacting outgroup empathy
Tokenism and Promotion: Through the Lens of Women Police Officers
No full textFace-to-face interviews with women police officers from the U.S. were used to determine if they experience differential treatment based on gender while at work (tokenism), and if so, the extent to which this treatment influences their decision to pursue promotion.
More than half (64%) of the women officers reported being treated differently than their male colleagues. Examples of this treatment include an emphasis by police leadership to hire and promote more women; citizens sexualizing their position as a police officer; and being called upon (because they are women) to conduct interviews with sexual assault victims and to searchwomen and girl suspects.
If police leaders choose to emphasize the hiring and promotion of women in their organizations, they must also foster an organizational culture where all police personnel understand that the women being hired and promoted are held to the same standards and expectations as men. The presence of this type of organizational culture could result in fewer workplace experiences of tokenism for women police officers
Women Police Who are Betrayed by the Badge: How Sexual Harassment Erodes Trust in the Agency and Contributes to Psychological Distress
No full textBased on a survey response of 491 women police employed in a large, state-based Australian police agency, this study found that women police who experienced sexual harassment also reported higher levels of psychological distress.
The relationship between sexual harassment and psychological distress can be largely explained by the perceived failure of the agency to uphold the expected obligation that it would protect its members (psychological contract breach) and the emotional impact that results (embitterment).
Police agencies and their leaders must act to better support woman police who experience sexual harassment. Women police need to think, feel, and experience their police agencies as workplaces that are committed to fairness, respect, and justice. This is essential in protecting their psychological health