Journals at Carleton University
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Steadfast Students: How Resilience Buffers the Relationship Between Victimization and Negative Mental Health Outcomes
No full textBullying, also known as victimization, affects 2 of 5 Canadian youths on a monthly basis (Statistics Canada, 2023), and has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes, such as the exacerbation of symptoms of depression and anxiety (Kasturiratna et al., 2024). Resilience, on the other hand, has been found to be a protective factor against the development of these negative outcomes across various contexts (Ji, 2024; Shahidi et al., 2024; Türk, 2024). Research is unclear regarding how resilience can act as a buffer against developing symptoms of depression and anxiety following bullying victimization in Canadian university students. It was hypothesized that resilience would moderate the relationship between past victimization and symptoms of depression and anxiety, such that higher resilience would be associated with fewer symptoms. Moderation analyses were conducted on a sample of 393 students with a mean age of 19.99 years. Results and implications for practice are discussed
Involvement in Education Among Parents with ADHD Symptoms: An Exploration of Motivations and Behaviours
No full textThe study examines parental involvement (PI) in education among families with elevated symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder impacting both children and adults, which leads to challenges in academic achievement, parenting, and family functioning. This study aims to explore differences in parental involvement, motivations, and behaviours between parents with elevated symptoms of ADHD and those without. Despite its prevalence, research on parental involvement for parents with ADHD symptoms is scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by utilizing the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler model of parental involvement. We hypothesized that parents with ADHD symptoms would report lower PI motivations, less frequent involvement behaviours, and lower engagement in certain parenting behaviours. Cross-sectional data was collected during the spring of 2021; parental respondents completed self-report measures related to parental involvement behaviours and motivations. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed significant differences between groups across eight of the nine outcome variables. Contrary to previous findings, parents with ADHD symptoms reported higher motivations and frequency of involvement than parents without ADHD. Implications include extending the concept of the positive illusory bias to adults, as these parents perceived themselves as highly motivated and effective across parenting domains
Investigating Linguistic Synchrony in Parole Hearings
No full textLinguistic mimicry, also known as linguistic style matching (LSM), fosters rapport and influences communication outcomes. In high-stakes settings, such as parole hearings, LSM can shape perceptions of trust and credibility, which in turn can influence parole decisions. This study examines how offenders\u27 language aligns with parole board members and whether this alignment varies by risk level. Using BUTTER software to analyze parole hearing transcripts, we measured LSM across linguistic categories, comparing mimicry levels between low-, moderate-, and high-risk offenders. Contrary to expectations, results indicated no significant differences in LSM or word count across risk levels. These findings suggest that communication dynamics during parole hearings may be less influenced by offender risk level than previously assumed, possibly reflecting standardized procedures or institutional norms. This research contributes to our understanding of language use in institutional settings. It raises important questions about how consistency in communication may impact perceptions of fairness and rapport in legal decision-making contexts
Working Memory Dysfunction: An fMRI Analysis in Schizophrenia
No full textThis thesis explores the relationship between brain activation and decreased performance in working memory in schizophrenia. This study analyzed differences in brain activation patterns during a working memory task-based fMRI comparing individuals with schizophrenia to healthy controls. Participants (n = 53) completed a working memory n-back paradigm while in an fMRI where they completed three levels that increased in working memory load; 0back, 1back, and 2back. Python analysis of fMRI data compared brain activation maps of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 22) to healthy controls (n = 31) during the different levels of the nback task. D prime of task scores accuracy was calculated and compared between groups. Through analysis of fMRI 2 group sample maps, individuals with schizophrenia showed greater overall activation specifically in areas of the default mode network (DMN) demonstrating that during working memory individuals with schizophrenia have an impaired ability to deactivate the DMN. Similarly, individuals with schizophrenia showed a significantly lower accuracy and decreased performance on the nback task. Understanding brain activation differences during working memory in schizophrenia is important in understanding the prevalent cognitive deficits and memory impairment symptoms. This can lead to development of specific risk markers identifiable before the onset of psychosis and effective treatment plans targeting memory symptoms. This study contributes to the understanding of the circuitry involved in working memory deficits and can be predictive of greater cognitive decline within individuals with schizophrenia
What Propels Women to Executive Leadership Positions
No full textThis study explored the journeys of women who reached executive leadership positions in policing, focusing on their experiences and agency within a system that has historically excluded them.
This qualitative study employed a combined grounded theory and situational analysis approach, to explore the lived experiences of 21 racially diverse women holding executive leadership roles in U.S. law enforcement.
Women reaching executive positions are driven by purpose and resilience, leveraging visibility, risk-taking, and opportunity creation, while benefiting from strong support and mentorship to succeed
A Critical Review of Participatory Action Research with Adolescents in a Mexican Group Home
No full textThis article is based on an experience of participatory action research (PAR) with 11 adolescents in a publicly subsidized group home in Mexico. The project focused on the analysis of structural violence through the production of autobiographical narratives, podcasts, poetry, photography, raps, sculptures, and drawings. In dialogue with the pieces produced through the PAR, we explore the multiple forms of violence faced by young people living in group homes, highlighting their constant movement within a system where the interests of adults are prioritized over the needs of the youth. We also analyze the scope of the project from a decolonial perspective, offering insights to improve PAR with young people, a critical analysis of the institutionalization of adolescents, and reflections regarding the intergenerational connections in PAR projects stemming from the theory of loving professionalism
Indigenous Youth and Emerging Educated Subjectivities: A decolonial approach to researching childhood
No full textThis paper argues for the centrality of childhood in observing the political economy of violence, development, and decolonization. This paper is based on 13 months of ethnographic study on Adivasi youths’ cultural, political, and religious movement in conflict-ridden regions of rural central India. I observe two specific youth movements – one against militarization and the other on cultural revivalism. I observed that these movements foreground an “educated youth subjectivity” as youth focus on the significance of education to them. Going beyond formal schools, these youths articulate the need for political, cultural, religious, and constitutional education and how a broader definition of education is important for Adivasis today.
Further, the paper looks at youths’ efforts to attain this holistic education beyond the space of formal schools, in workshops and bootcamps where they learn about their constitutional rights as Indigenous communities, ancestral languages, and traditional art forms. Youth foreground the need to uphold their indigenous cultures, knowledge, and linguistic systems through modern means such as digital media. I argue that this emerging educated youth subjectivity is a political tactic that youth deploy in overlapping crisis situations. Further, being attentive to these micro and macro expressions of youth is an aspect of decolonial research in childhood
