Journals at Carleton University
Not a member yet
3434 research outputs found
Sort by
Exploring the Gendered Nature and Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Developmental Trauma, and Complex Trauma in a Sample of Justice-Involved Youth
No full textIn Canada, under Section 34 of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), courts can order psychological assessments for high-risk youth to aid in informed sentencing and rehabilitation decisions. Clinical files prepared by a youth justice clinic to inform Section 34 reports for 1205 youth charged with serious offences will be used to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), developmental trauma, and complex trauma. Additionally, we will investigate gender differences in the presence of adversity and trauma within the sample. We hypothesize that the accumulation of ACEs, developmental trauma, and complex trauma will increase the likelihood of youth criminal behavior. This hypothesis aligns with previous literature, which has shown that ACEs may not fully capture the extent of adversities experienced by youth, implicating developmental and complex trauma in crime trajectories as well. Our preliminary analysis of a subset of the sample reveals high levels of ACEs, with parental divorce being most frequently reported. While females generally reported higher victimization rates, significant victimization is observed across genders. Currently, manual coding of clinical notes used to inform Section 34 assessments is underway, spearheaded by a collaborative effort between students from Carleton University and the University of Toronto. We anticipate that our findings will illuminate the co-occurrence of ACEs, developmental trauma, and complex trauma within this sample, shedding light on their contributions to criminal behavior. Moreover, we hope that our study will offer insights into how these adversities can be mitigated by identifying individual strengths that increase the likelihood of crime desistance
Identifying Barriers and Motivations for Course Instructors at Carleton University While Implementing Community Engagement Pedagogies
No full textCommunity engagement pedagogies have many benefits for both students and community partners. However, smooth and successful integration of these pedagogies relies heavily on the instructor and resources available. This SaPP project focuses on identifying key barriers and motivations experienced by instructors while engaging in community engagement (CE) courses. A literature review was conducted to compile the significant factors that aide or discourage faculty participation in these courses. The results focus on the interconnected nature of motivations and barriers while focusing on the importance of institutional support as motivation for continued participation in CE courses. The major barriers identified were lack of time and funding along with the lack of recognition of the additional workload encountered by the instructors. Since Carleton university has been moving forward with institutional support for the instructors, future directions of this project will include interviews with Carleton professors regarding their experiences with CE courses.
Unveiling the Silent Battle: Suicide Rates among Law Enforcement Personnel
No full textThe researchers examined 977 law enforcement officer deaths by suicide in the United States (US) from 2016 – 2022, collected by First H.E.L.P., and calculated rates disaggregated by year, sex, and geographic location.
Overall rates ranged from 19.0 to 27.5 per 100,000 officers per year, averaging 21.4 over the 7- year timeframe.
Three key findings included: (1) overall deaths by suicide peaked in 2019 at 196 or 27.5 per 100,000, (2) male officers averaged higher rates than female officers (22.7 vs. 12.7), and (3) the Midwest (27.5) and Northeast (24.0) had higher suicide rates than the South (19.4) and West (19.7), although variation was noted across divisions within these regions
Hegemonic Masculinity and Patriarchy: The Role of Incel Culture in Normalizing Violence Against Women
No full textEstablishing Credibility in a Context of Misinformation: Rape Jury Trials and Rejecting Judicial Address Intervention in Favour of Expertise
No full text
The AdWomen Exhibition
No full textProfessor Emily Caston undertakes a critical analysis of the view that “the housewife” dominated women’s television advertising between 1955 and 1990. Drawing on examples from post War adverts for chocolate and frozen food, Caston investigates not only what ‘the housewife’ denotes in scholarship but the underlying dynamics of power attributed to visual representations. Bringing this argument up to date in the 2010s, Caston looks at the evidence that women’s works in brands, agencies and productions companies had a material impact on these representations.
 
Investigating Self-Control Strategies Use and Effectiveness in ADHD
No full textAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent among post-secondary students and is associated with an increased risk of poor academic achievement. Therefore, identifying ways to help those with ADHD symptomatology excel in their academic goals is crucial. ADHD is linked with difficulties in self-control. But self-control can take on different forms, such as modifying your situation (situational strategies), or shifting your attention or your thoughts (intrapsychic strategies). This study examines the effectiveness of these different self-control strategies for those with high ADHD symptoms compared to those with low symptoms. A sample of undergraduates completed two surveys one week apart. The first survey asked participants to list three goals for the upcoming week and included measures of ADHD symptomatology and self-control strategies. The second survey assessed goal progress. Findings will provide insight into how self-control manifests in individuals with ADHD symptoms and how it may support academic success
Perceived Dissmilarity and Relational Self-Expansion in Close Midlife Friendships
No full textPrevious research finds that perceived similarity in friendships is predictive of attraction and friendship satisfaction. People are often interested in forming and maintaining friendships with others who seem more similar to themselves, as it can predict greater compatibility. In contrast, according to self-expansion theory, some dissimilarity (i.e., personality, interests, or attitudes) may provide advantages to relationships by encouraging self-expansion. Relational self-expansion—the growth of a person’s self- concept through newer and broadened experiences and perspectives facilitated by another—is strongly predictive of relationship satisfaction. However, most research on the topic is limited to romantic contexts. The current study explored two competing hypotheses in the context of friendships, namely whether perceived dissimilarity predicts a) higher self-expansion and friendship satisfaction or b) lower self-expansion and friendship satisfaction. I also examined self-concept clarity—how clearly defined and stable one’s self-beliefs are—as a moderator of self-expansion, with higher scores predicted to be associated with higher self-expansion. To explore these hypotheses, midlife adults (N = 241) completed questionnaires assessing perceived general similarity, relational self-expansion, friendship satisfaction, and self-concept clarity related to their closest friendship. I conducted a moderated-mediation model to assess whether the link between perceived dissimilarity and friendship satisfaction is due in part to self-expansion, especially for people who score relatively low or high on self-concept clarity. Self-concept clarity did not moderate this association. Self-expansion was found to mediate the negative association between perceived dissimilarity and friendship satisfaction. Results suggest that perceived dissimilarity may be detrimental to friendship quality by limiting self- expansion opportunities
How Immigrant Parents Conceptualize Autism
No full textCultural differences in the conceptualization of autism may influence family priorities, expectations for support, and compliance with proposed treatments. Despite growing recognition of these differences, limited research has examined how immigrant parents’ cultural adaptation affects their understanding and response to autism. This study addresses this gap by exploring how immigrant caregivers (n = 24) of autistic children conceptualize autism, with a focus on their level of acculturation. Using Berry’s (2006) acculturation framework, the study hypothesized that more acculturated parents would accept biomedical views of autism, while less acculturated parents would rely on traditional beliefs and alternative treatments. Participants were recruited from an autism-focused service provider and interviewed about their understanding of autism, family dynamics, and service experiences. Five main themes were identified: (1) traditional cultural views, stigma, and stereotypes; (2) struggles with acceptance and recognition of strengths; (3) shifting family roles and tensions due to differing beliefs; (4) cultural influences in service provision; and (5) the role of community support networks. Findings highlight how acculturation shapes immigrant families’ perceptions and experiences, offering important implications for culturally responsive autism care