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Downstream variation in the surface water quality of an urbanizing sub-catchment in Ibadan, Nigeria
No full textContamination of surface water bodies from various human activities significantly impairs environmental health and the well-being of humans, plants and animals. This study seeks to assess the variation downstream in surface water characteristics in a small urbanizing sub-catchment in Ibadan, Nigeria. Water sampling was carried out on the 14 first-order, 4 second-order and 5 third-order stream networks of the sub-catchment. The concentration of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hardness, calcium and magnesium were determined in relation to stream order and increased distance downstream. The values range considerably across the sub-catchment; pH (3.8-7.5), TDS (70-1095 ppm), alkalinity (0.65-4.65 ml), total hardness (2.35-36.95 ml), calcium (1.6-35.35 mg/l) and magnesium (0.05-14.70 mg/l). Statistical analysis shows that there is no significant correlation between the concentration of the water quality parameters, stream order and distance downstream. This however suggests that pollutants infiltrate and sink at different random points along the stream channels to contaminate the subsurface layers and subsequently the groundwater system. Based on the result of this study, the level of pollution for the selected parameters has not attained a critical level, however, there is a need to put in place an effective water quality monitoring scheme to control further pollution
Assessing the challenges facing small-hold farming systems in Kabba/Bunu L.G.A. of Kogi State
No full textAgricultural activities in Nigeria contributes immensely to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and small-hold farming is significant to these contributions. Despite this, the sector faces many challenges that inhibits her potential. Basic social infrastructure has been found to be one of the problems facing agriculture particularly availability of good roads. However, accessibility to farms in the rural areas by road is still one of the challenges facing small-hold farming. Despite the numerous policies on rural development to address the ugly condition of small-hold farmers in order to sustain agricultural development in Nigeria, the small-hold farmers still face the challenge of poor road infrastructure, resulting to low agricultural yield and causing incessant inflation of food prices. To this end, the study examined the current challenges that are impeding the opportunities available for the sustainability of small-hold farming in Kabba and its environs. Using a systematic random sampling, copies of structured questionnaire were used to collect data from a total of 338 small-hold farmers across the selected 18 villages in the study area. The descriptive statistics (percentages, tables and bar chart) were used for the result presentation while the stepwise regression was used to test the stated hypothesis. Findings revealed that the invasion of farm plots by cattle and poor road condition have hindered effective small-hold farming activities. The results of the stepwise multiple regression showed that cattle invasion of farm plots and poor road condition have significant effect on farming activities. (F = 28796.728, p<0.05). The study particularly recommended that urgent steps must be taking to address the issue of incessant invasion of farm plots by cattle in order to create an enabling environment for small-hold farming to thrive
Preliminaries and Contents
No full textEditorial
I announce the publication of Lagos Notes and Records, Volume 28, 2022, a special edition devoted to the COVID-19 pandemic experience.
Coronavirus took the world by storm at a time when humanity was least prepared for it, and has since redefined every facet of our life and living: work, relaxation, education, health, food security and religiosity. While many suffered huge losses, of lives and incomes, some made fantastic gains and broke new grounds during the pandemic. This volume is a codification of the cerebral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, containing eight well-researched articles analyzing various humanistic interventions in the COVID-19 phenomenon.
I heartily recommend these articles to the academic community with the assurance that they will be worthy additions to humanty's store of knowledge.
Lastly, I congratulate the Editorial Team for another job well done.
Professor Olufunke Adeboye
Editor-in-Chie
Wider Message Coverage: How Far has Music and Cartoon Animations Helped during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown among the Low-Income Earners in Lagos, Nigeria?
No full textManaging information outbreak during the COVID-19 Pandemic was one of the concerns of the Federal Government of Nigeria through the different social media platforms. Daily information dispensing details of death from COVID-19 raises concern about staying alive. However, hope was not lost as different channels of creating awareness for COVID-19 prevention were made available via the arts. This study, examines how wide the information on awareness about preventive measures on COVID-19 gets to the residents of the multitenanted apartments in Lagos, Nigeria. The study uses an online survey via Twitter and a questionnaire; the study sought answers to the research questions that examine if previous epidemic outbreaks receive more comprehensive coverage using music, examining the roles of music and cartoon animation in creating awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The study finds out that music and cartoon animations played the significant role of sensitization; of particular interest was the music that tells a story of hand-washing, using hand sanitizers, and maintaining social distancing. This was evident in a cartoon animation aired over the Cable News Network (CNN) and also, the cartoon animation produced during this research project served the purpose of awareness. The respondents also affirmed further that music brings a positive vibe adding that, positive emotions were displayed when people listen to music. The researchers created the level of awareness primarily when jingles and cartoon animations were produced in respondents. This study expresses the belief that music and cartoon animation served the dual purpose of information awareness and social cohesion
Coronavirus-Induced Shift in Classroom Discourse: A Linguistic Study of Blended Learning in Nigeria
No full textA major impact of COVID-19 in the educational sector in Nigeria is the expansion of interactive space. Web-based teaching and learning have risen exponentially owing to the risks associated with traditional discourse modes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, virtual classrooms have become a child of necessity to sustain and maintain safety while learning. In Nigeria, the directive by the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and the strict enforcement of the “stay-at-home” rule made it almost impossible for traditional face-to-face classroom engagement to continue. As a result, a hybrid approach was adopted with emphasis however on webbased teaching. The study used both quantitative and qualitative method to examine the discursive shifts in learning experience and modality of communication induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study interpreted the data using simple percentages and Gualberto and Kress’ Social Semiotic Literacy Theory. Findings from this study revealed that the digital learning has linguistically enhanced students’ literacy skills and the several challenges encountered during the digital learning process were predicated on the inadequacy of infrastructure and subsequently led to health monitored and safeguarded face-to-face learning. The paper concluded that there is a significant shift in learning mode during COVID-19 from traditional classroom todigital learning. It also purported that these platforms have impacted teaching and learning outcomes for college students in a developing country such as Nigeria
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCE ON COLLEGE OF EDUCATION LECTURERS’ READINESS TO USE ICT FOR INSTRUCTION IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study focusses on influence of demographic variables of gender, school ownership, qualification, and Years of Experience on colleges of education lecturers’ readiness to use ICT for instruction in Oyo state. It is a descriptive study where questionnaire was used to obtain data from 306 lecturers sampled from three colleges of education in Oyo state. The study found out that variable of gender had no influence on the lecturer’s readiness while the other variables of qualification and Years of Experience had influence on lecturers’ readiness to use ICT for instruction in the colleges of Education. The study concluded that younger and less experienced college of education lecturers use ICT for instruction irrespective of their gender or institution ownership. It is recommended that more experienced lecturers improve their skill and knowledge about ICT for instruction to be able to steer the younger lecturers for institution wide implementatio
ASSESSMENT OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ON BUILDING/ WOODWORK TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TAI SOLARIN UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, IJEBU-ODE, OGUN STATE
No full textThe integration of emerging technologies in teaching and learning of building/ woodwork technology in a university has been a thing of concern to students’ performance. Three objectives and research questions guided the study. The research design adopted for the study was descriptive survey. The population of the study comprised 46 building/ woodwork technology students of Tai Solarin University of education, Ijebu-Ode. The entire population constituted the sample for the study because the number is manageable. The instrument used for data collection was 25 items structured questionnaire with 4-point rating scale. The questionnaires were validated by three research experts in the Department of Technical Education, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo. The value of the reliability obtained was 0.79. The questionnaire was administered by the researchers. The data collected from the field were analyzed using, Mean and Standard Deviation. The study revealed that emerging technologies improve student academic performance in building/ woodwork technology. It was therefore recommended that building/ woodwork technology students should ensure that emerging technologies forms parts of their learning activities in classroom or at home. And building/woodwork technology programme should be reviewed by policy makers to reflect the current developmental and technological changes that can improve students’ performance
Factor Analysis of Housing Affordability among Civil Servants in Nigeria
No full textPurpose - Housing affordability is a major challenge especially to low-income groups because of the need for other basic non-housing goods. This study is aimed at examining the determining factors of housing affordability in the households of low-income civil servants in selected parts of Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach - Using multi-stage sampling technique, Lagos, Oyo, and Ekiti States were selected in Southwestern Nigeria. Questionnaire administration was undertaken among low-income civil servants on grade levels 1 to 6 drawn from the offices of government ministries in the three selected states. Data analysis of information derived from retrieved copies of the questionnaire was undertaken using Mean Rating and Exploratory Factor Analysis.
Findings - Findings indicate that available income and housing infrastructure; cultural background; and sources of construction materials constitute the key factors to housing affordability among low-income civil servants in Southwestern Nigeria.
Research limitations - This study is primarily centered on low-income civil servants in Southwestern Nigeria. Undertaking the study in other geopolitical zones of Nigeria as well as other developing countries would probably yield other areas for further research and policy implications.
Theoretical/Social/Practical implications - The study posits that, encouraging the adoption of indigenous building materials; tax reliefs; and increase in minimum wage will likely improve the present state of housing affordability among the studied low- income civil servants.
Originality/value - The study tends to be a significant contribution to housing studies among low-income civil servants. The findings of this study may be adapted for policy decision-making in other emergent economies like Nigeria
Modelling the Impacts of Shape and Volume Fraction of Nanoparticles on Water Based Nanofluid Flow with Variable Thermophysical Properties
No full textIn some applications, nano-sized particles are used to enhance heat transfer in thermal energysystems. Two important practical concerns are the shape of the nanoparticles and the volumefraction that could lead to optimal performance. This study investigates the effects which theshape and volume fraction of copper nanoparticles may have on the velocity and temperatureof water based nanofluid. To account for more physical reality, we incorporate the variabilityof the viscosity and thermal conductivity. The Hamilton-Crosser’s model of nanofluid thermalconductivity is also adopted. It is proposed that for a fluid with temperature-dependentthermo-physical properties, the fluid thermal conductivity in the Hamilton-Crosser’s relationshould be replaced with a constant (temperature-independent) thermal conductivity. The governingsystem of nonlinear partial differential equations is solved by using a convergent finitedifference scheme. The results show that increasing the volume fraction decreases the velocitybut increases the temperature, while copper nanoparticles of spherical shape lead to enhancedtemperature than other shapes
Marshall-Olkin Generalized Inverse Log-Logistic Distribution: Its properties and applications
No full textMarshall-Olkin G method of generalization is used to develop a new distribution named Marshall-Olkin Inverse log-logistic distribution (MOILLD), which has a more tractable form and can cope well with outliers in the upper tails. The statistical properties of the distribution, such as survival function, hazard function, moments, and order statistic, were investigated. The mean, variance, and mode of the distribution were also derived. The maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimates the parameters of the distribution. The result of real-life data application showed that MOILLD has the least AIC, BIC, negative log-likelihood, and KS values compared with its competing distributions. Hence, an excellent alternative to Inverse log-logistic, Weibull, and log-normal distributions