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WORK PERFORMED BY CLOSED AND CLOPEN M-TOPOLOGICAL FULL TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUP SPACES MCTn AND Clp(MCTn )
No full textLet α and β be two elements of an m-topological transformation semigroup space. In this paper, we introduce and derive explicit formulas for the work performed by elements in the full transformation semigroup MTn , the closed m-topological semigroup MCTn , and its clopen counterpart Clp(MCTn ), where the displacement of a point x under a transformation α is given by d(x, αx) = |x − αx|. We further establish explicit formulas for the average work and the power within these semigroup spaces. To ensure that the system stabilizes to integer values, we incorporate the floor function [x♩ = {n | n ∈ Z+, n ≤ x < n + 1}. Numerical evaluations confirm the validity of the derived formulas and reveal consistent growth patterns, thereby highlighting new combinatorial properties of m-topological transformation semi- group spaces
VISCOSITY-BASED GRADIENT TECHNIQUES FOR SPLIT FEASIBILITY PROBLEMS
No full textThe Split Feasibility Problem (SFP) is a key optimization model with diverse applications in fields such as inverse problems, signal processing, and medical imaging. This paper presents novel viscosity algorithms for solving the SFP in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Building on existing methods, we introduce new inertial techniques to improve convergence properties. The proposed algorithms feature adaptive step size strategies, which eliminate the need for prior knowledge of operator norms, ensuring greater computational efficiency. Strong convergence results are demonstrated under mild assumptions. These results generalize many existing findings in the literature
AVAILABILITY OF SCHOOL RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVES AS CORRELATES OF TEACHERS' TURNOVER MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe purpose of the study was to find out whether availability of school resources and financial incentives has relationship with teachers’ turnover management in private secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research questions were posed in the study with two corresponding null hypotheses to guide the study. Correlation research design was adopted. The population of the study was 2,347 teachers in private secondary schools in Cross River State. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 469 teachers as sample of the study. An instrument titled "Availability of School Resources, Financial incentives and Teachers' Turnover Management Questionnaire (ASRFITTMQ) was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts in measurement and evaluation and educational management. Cronbach's Alpha was used to determine the reliability coefficient of the instrument. Data obtained were analyzed using Pearson's product moment correlation. Results revealed that availability of school resources and financial incentives has significant relationship with teachers' turnover management in private secondary schools. Thus, it was recommended that private secondary school managers should make efforts in providing school resources and financial incentives to manage teachers' turnover
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COMPETENCIES INTO ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CURRICULA FOR GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS: A FOCUS ON UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
No full textThe rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is repositioning the skill demands of the global workforce in Nigeria. This shift necessitates a re-evaluation and restructuring of higher education curriculum. This paper examines the integration of AI competencies into Electrical/Electronic Technology Education programmes in universities in southwest Nigeria, with a view to enhancing global competitiveness. The paper identifies existing gaps in technology education curricula, limited infrastructure, inadequate training and many other factors that constitute the consequence of the lack of integration of AI into the curriculum of Technology Education in Nigerian universities, particularly, universities in southwest Nigeria. The paper also proposes strategic framework for curriculum reform, incorporating AI literacy, practical applications of AI in Electrical/Electronic context and industry collaboration. The paper affirms, that infusing AI competencies into Electrical/Electronic Technology Education curriculum is crucial for producing graduates, that will be capable of meeting evolving global technological standards, with a view to contributing to national development
On the Digraphic Decomposition of Stable Quasi-Idempotents within Finite Partial Transformation Semigroups
No full textThis study explores the universal classification of elements in the finite partial transformation semigroup Pn on the set Xn+1 = {0, 1, 2, . . . , n}. The primary focus is on the interplay between the powers of transformations, equivalence relations, and their cyclic and quasi-idempotent structures. A key observation is that for any transformation α ∈ Pn, repeated application stabilizes, leading to a periodic behavior characterized by the (m, r)-path cycle—a notation capturing both cyclic and linear components of α. To further analyze α, the concept of orbits is introduced, defined as equivalence classes under the relation x ∼ y if xαm = yαr. These orbits provide a framework for understanding the dynamics of α. The study also examines specific elements like idempotents (ε2 = ε) and quasi-idempotents (ξ2 ̸= ξ, ξ4 = ξ2), offering classifications based on the sizes of their cyclic portions within their orbits. A notable result is that stable quasi-idempotents generate the ideal Pn\Sn, where Sn denotes the symmetric group. This work contributes a digraphic characterization of Pn, advancing the understanding of its algebraic structure. The findings have potential applications in semigroup theory, automata, and computational mathematics, particularly in analyzing transformation systems with finitedomains
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON AGENCY COSTS OF LISTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA.
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of corporate governance on agency costs for a sample of twelve (12) listed commercial banks in Nigeria from 2011 to 2021. Corporate governance was measured by board size, board independence, and gender diversity, while agency costs were proxied by the expense ratio. The data was analyzed using a fixed-effects estimation technique. The findings show that board independence and gender diversity do not significantly affect agency costs. However, board size significantly negatively affects the agency costs of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. The study recommends increasing the board size of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. A larger board allows for the inclusion of directors with a wider range of skills, knowledge, and experiences
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND AGENCY COST DETERMINANTS ON VALUE OF NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study examined the impact of capital structure, agency cost on firms’ value of non-financial listed firms in Nigeria over the period of 2011 to 2020. Panel regression techniques was adopted. The study revealed that debt ratio (long term debt to assets) has a positive (negative) and significant effect on the value of firm. The study also revealed that there is a positive and significant effect of asset tangibility and operating expenses to sales on the value of the non-Financial firms in Nigeria. Based on the interactive effect, it was revealed that the negative effect of long term debt ratio on Tobin’s Q ratio (TQ) is increased for firm with high agency problem. Also, the study discovered that positive effect of debt to assets on Tobin’s Q ratio (TQ) is reduced for the firm with high agency problem. Thus, this increase will only come when there optimality. The study therefore recommends that since capital structure matters, non-financial firms should use debt optimally so as to increase market value. 
A COMPARISON OF GARCH-TYPE MODELS FOR VOLATILITY MODELLING IN THREE DIFFERENT SECTORS OF MARKETS
Get PDFThis study examines the performance of various volatility models and distributional assumptions in modelling financial time series data from the Nigerian market. Specifically, the research evaluates the fit of different distributions, Normal, Student’s t, Generalized Error Distribution (GED), and Skew-t, within volatility models, including ARCH, GARCH, and EGARCH, to capture the time-varying volatility of nine selected securities. The performance of these models is assessed using three key performance metrics: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and log-likelihood. The results indicate that the EGARCH model with the t-distribution provides the best fit for most securities, outperforming the other models in terms of model selection criteria. While the EGARCH model with the Skew- distribution is slightly less effective, it still performs well in comparison to the other models. Overall, the findings highlight the superior ability of EGARCH with the t-distribution to model financial volatility in this context, making it the most robust model for forecasting and risk management in the Nigerian financial market. This study contributes to the growing literature on volatility modelling by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of different distributional assumptions in emerging markets
ESTIMATION OF PROBABILITY OF DEFAULT OF A FINANCE HOUSE IN NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND NEURAL NETWORK MODEL
Get PDFEffective credit management is essential for economic stability, while poor management can have destabilizing effects. Accurate credit risk assessment, including probability of default (PD), is crucial for financial institutions to prevent substantial losses from non-performing loans. The purpose of the study is to investigate the probability of default in low default portfolio of a finance house in Nigeria. In order to fulfil this purpose, two different models for estimating the probability of default, the logistic regression and the neutral network models, were considered. The data analysis was steered through SPSS version 23 software. Through a comparative analysis of logistic regression and neural network models, we determined that the neural network model is superior in predicting the probability of default. The study findings unveiled that the primary factors influencing the probability of default are the Tenor of loan and Annual nominal interest rate. The study recommends considering adjustments to terms to mitigate risk, adjusting risk strategies and implementing the neutral network model for ongoing prediction of default probabilities.
 
Financial Resources, Legal Structure, and Business Performance: A Study of Micro and Small Enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria
Get PDFFocusing on developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, this paper provides further insights into the drivers of performance in micro and small enterprises (MSEs). A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 237 owner-managers of registered MSEs in one of the busiest local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos, Nigeria. The study investigated the association between access to financial resources, legal structure, and MSE performance. The findings reveal that both access to finance and legal structure have positive and significant effects on MSE performance. However, deeper insights were provided with the discovery of a negative moderating effect of the sole proprietorship legal structure on the relationship between access to finance and performance. This is particularly notable given that a majority of the sampled businesses were registered as sole proprietorships. The paper concludes with policy and practical recommendations to improve MSEs’ access to finance and support legal structures that are more growth-oriented for them