1116 research outputs found
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Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Practices and Efficiency in Non-Life Insurance Firms in Nigeria
No full textThis study examines the effect of enterprise risk management (erm) practices on the technical efficiency of non-life insurance firms in Nigeria. Using efficiency theory as a framework, the study examines the impact of three ERM dimensions on underwriting management and claims management, including strategy, operations, and compliance. The data from ten purposively selected non-life insurers were analysed using a pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, with post-estimation diagnostics, within a panel research design. Based on the study's results, ERM had a significant impact on claims management but a weak, statistically insignificant impact on underwriting management. Based on the study's results, Nigerian non-life insurers appear more operationally than strategically focused in their ERM practices. This study contributes to the ERM literature by linking ERM to technical efficiency rather than traditional profitability measures. The paper provides policy implications for regulators and managerial recommendations for integrating enterprise risk management into strategic decision-making processes
C*-ALGEBRA-VALUED b-METRIC-LIKE SPACE AND SOME FIXED POINT THEOREMS
No full textIn this article, we initiate the notion of C∗-algebra valued b- metric-like space. The Banach and Kannan fixed point results are examined in such space. Contrasting examples are formulated to show that the proposed ideas herein are novel and extend some important significant results in the literature
VIRTUAL CLASSROOM TEACHING IN POST COVID-19 NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS STUDIES STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
No full textThis paper examines virtual classroom teaching and its implications for the academic performance of Business Studies students in Nigeria secondary schools in the post-COVID-19 era. The paper highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented public health phenomenon due to its high contagion and fatality rates, which necessitated drastic governmental interventions to mitigate its adverse effects – particularly on students’ academic performance. The paper establishes that a relationship exists between the adoption of virtual classes and students’ class attendance, academic performance and classroom management. Among other recommendations, the paper suggests that the government should subsidise the cost of ICT facilities for educational institutions to make virtual learning more accessible and effective. Additionally, it recommends continuous training and retraining programmes for teachers and students to develop the necessary ICT competencies for effective use of the virtual and online learning systems
The Construction and Reconstruction of the Neutrosophic Hom-Groups and Neutrosophic Hom-Subgroups from the Indigenous and Primitive Hom-Group
No full textHom-groups are the non-associative generalization of a group whose associativity and unitality are twisted by a compatible bijective map. The neutrosophic set is a powerful tool in dealing with incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent data that exist in the real world. Neutrosophic set is characterized by the truth membership function in the set (T), indeterminacy membership function in the set (I) and falsity membership function in the set (F) where 0 ≤ T + I + F ≤ 3. In this work, we have been able to give some introductory entities on the concept of both Hom-groups as well as the neutrosophic Hom-groups; our utmost aim is to construct neutrosophic Hom-group and neutrosophic Hom-subgroups from the already known Hom-groups
A Note on the Test of Equality Between Two Bivariate Groups: An Analogue to Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Statistic
No full textThis study developed parametric and nonparametric test statistic, an analogue to Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test, for the testing of the equality between bivariate groups. We also established the performance of the developed test statistic in achieving accurate separation and classification. The concept layout model, which is based on Cartesian interaction between discrete random variables (rv's) xₘ and yₖ arranged in rows and columns respectively for m, k ∈ ℕ, has a behavioural pattern with bivariate cumulative distribution function (cdf) F(x,y). We assumed that the content within the matrix m × k frame followed log-logistic distribution (LLD) and is distribution free. The test statistic t' is the absolute difference between two bivariate cdf, |F₁(x,y) - F₂(x,y)|, under the two distribution scenarios. We then optimize the test statistic which is a function of relationship matrices from the two groups and established its significance at optimal parameter value, from a newly introduced multivariate test significance, before investigating its performance analysis. This analysis enhances the understanding of the profiled content in the two groups, whether they are from the same group or not. In addition, we established the discrimination accuracy of the relationship matrix model towards perfect classification (diagnostic). Application to the discrimination and classification of Bumpus, cancer and mode of delivery data were established
Market Risk Dynamics and Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies in Nigeria
No full textThis study examined the relationship between market risk factors and the financial performance of life insurance companies in Nigeria using panel data from thirteen licensed life insurers over the period 2012–2023. An ex post facto research design was adopted, and a census sampling approach was employed. The Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimation technique was applied to address endogeneity concerns, alongside simple and multiple regression analyses to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that exchange rate volatility has a statistically significant positive effect on financial performance, whereas interest rate risk and equity market volatility do not individually have significant effects. However, when examined jointly, these market risk variables exert a statistically meaningful influence on return on assets (ROA). The study concluded that enterprise risk management (ERM) frameworks incorporating integrated risk management strategies are essential for life insurance firms operating in volatile emerging markets. Insurers should develop comprehensive risk management strategies that address exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate movements, and equity market uncertainties through portfolio diversification, asset-liability matching, and dynamic hedging strategies
NUCLEAR IDENTIFICATION OF EXTRA LOOP IDENTITIES OF SECOND BOL-MOUFANG TYPE WITH APPLICATIONS TO SECURE INFORMATION ENCODING
No full textDrpal and Jedlika identified several loop identities, including both BolMoufang and non-BolMoufang varieties through their nuclei. Among these are the extra identities. Subsequently, George and Jaiyeola developed a generalized nuclear identification scheme for identities of the second BolMoufang type. While they discovered twelve new loop identities, their approach did not establish a nuclear identification for the extra identities. This left open the question of whether extra-type identities admit nuclear identification in the second BolMoufang setting. In this paper, we introduced three new loop identities (SBME, SBRE, SBLE) of second BolMoufang type. In particular, we show that an extra loop of second BolMoufang type is nuclear- identifiable if it can be expressed as autotopisms αє ∗ η(x)αc ∗ ξ(x)αn ∗ χ(x)αψ ∗ ζ(x) and satisfies an identity (η, ξ, χ, ζ, ϵ, ω, κ, ψ) such that η = χ /= ξ /= ζ. Furthermore, we show that the newly introduced extra identities of second BolMoufang type are equivalent to the extra identities of first BolMoufang type. Beyond the algebraic characterization, we illustrate how nuclear identification codes can inspire secure information encoding schemes, where loop identities serve as human-recognizable keys for controlled access in sensitive communication environments
On the Monoid Generated by Newton Algorithm in Solving a Particular Cubic Polynomial
No full textWe initiate the study of the algebraic interpretations of the Newton algorithm via transformation semigroup. We use MATLAB to solve the equation x³ + 4x² - 10 = 0 with an error tolerance of ε = 10⁻⁴. In each iteration, we obtain a transformation on a set of seven elements. With the aid of GAP 4.0, we construct a monoid that interprets the algebraic phenomena of all the iterations. The study reveals that the monoid obtained is left-adequate with 64 elements
ENSEMBLE-BASED FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN BANKING: A SYNTHETIC DATA BENCHMARK AND COST-SENSITIVE ANALYSIS GBOLAHAN ADENIRAN IDOWU∗ AND JOSIAH ENDURANCE OWOLABI ABSTRACT. Fraud detection in Nigerian banking is critically hampered by a scarcity of authen
No full textFraud detection in Nigerian banking is critically hampered by a scarcity of authentic transaction data for model development, a challenge exacerbated by the rapid growth of digital payments. To address this foundational data gap, this study introduces a novel, high- fidelity synthetic benchmark dataset of 1,000,000 financial transactions, meticulously calibrated to reflect the fraud patterns reported by the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS). Using this dataset, we develop a comprehensive analytical framework to evaluate the economic efficacy of advanced machine learning models. The results demonstrate a substantial potential for fraud loss reduction: optimized Random Forest models achieved a 69.1% decrease in simulated fraud-related costs (from 81.8M to 25.2M) while maintaining perfect precision. Alternatively, XGBoost delivered superior recall (74.6%) with an F1-score of 0.854, providing a strategic option for institutions prioritizing fraud detection rates. A SHAP analysis identified transaction amount and associated behavioral features as the strongest fraud indicators and highlighted Web and Mobile channels as requiring enhanced monitoring. This paper makes three principal contributions: the first publicly available, NIBSS-calibrated fraud detection dataset for Nigeria, addressing a pivotal data scarcity in African financial research; empirically validated evidence that ensemble methods, combined with threshold optimization, can reduce fraud costs by up to 69%; and actionable implementation guidelines for Nigerian banks operating within existing regulatory compliance frameworks. The synthetic data methodology offers a replicable and privacy- preserving blueprint for other emerging markets facing similar constraints on data access and availability
THE INFLUENCE OF BOARD DIVERSITY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND MARKET VALUE: EVIDENCE FROM NGX COMPANIES”
Full text linkThe study investigated how board diversity, regarding gender, nationality, and committee size, affects the financial performance and market value of the consumer goods firms listed in NGX. In this respect, the study has used descriptive statistics to indicate major differences in the nature of board diversity practices among the sampled firms. However, the inferential analysis using ROA and ROE indicated that neither gender nor nationality diversity had a significant effect on firm performance or its market value on a short term basis. These findings are in agreement with a number of other studies, but they disagree with other studies that have reported a positive link between board diversity and firm performance. The study concluded that while board diversity is disclosed in the financial statements in more companies than before, it exhibits limited short-term influence on financial performance and market value of these companies. Recommendations include promoting a more holistic approach towards board diversity, more support and monitoring from regulatory bodies, increasing awareness and training firms on board diversity, firm’s carrying out self-review of their board diversity practices and longitudinal studies to understand the long-term impact of board diversity on firm performance.