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Galen’s Nachlass in Slavonic Intellectual Landscapes: Knowledge Transmission in the Byzantine Commonwealth
No full textAbstract: The current publication offers the first English translation of a cluster of medieval and early modern Slavonic renditions of Byzantine Greek editions of ancient medical compositions, the authorship of which is attributed to Galen. Among the emblematic texts deserving special attention are his celebrated commentaries on the Corpus Hippocraticum, the direct Greek Vorlage of which remains unidentified. The Slavonic translations of these Galenic paraphrases refer to various medical conditions as well as human anatomy and physiology; they contain discussions on diagnosis, therapeutics, and health care (including dietetics), as well as astral medicine (e.g., calendrical templates of recommended procedures according to the zodiac, winter and summer solstices, autumn and vernal equinoxes, lunar phases, the position of the Pleiades). While the earliest extant Slavonic manuscript witnesses are dated to the first quarter of the 15th century, their protographs must have originated much earlier among the cloistral scriptoria of Mt Athos and further disseminated through monastic networks within the Byzantine Commonwealth, from the Balkans to Russia. These texts represent a small but important contribution to the reception history of Galenic heritage within the Slavonic world, which has hardly been recognized.
How to cite: Badalanova Geller, F. “Galen’s Nachlass in Slavonic Intellectual Landscapes: Knowledge Transmission in the Byzantine Commonwealth”. Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science (2023): src03 1–83. https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/44904Résumé: La présente contribution offre la première traduction anglaise d’un ensemble de versions slaves médiévales et prémodernes de compositions médicales grecques byzantines attribuées à Galien. Au nombre des textes emblématiques qui méritent une attention particulière figurent ses célèbres commentaires sur le Corpus Hippocraticum, dont la version grecque originale (Vorlage) demeure non identifiée. Les traductions slaves de ces paraphrases galéniques abordent diverses affections médicales ainsi que l’anatomie et la physiologie humaines. Elles contiennent des discussions sur le diagnostic, la thérapeutique et les soins de santé (y compris la diététique), ainsi que sur la médecine astrale (par exemple, des tableaux calendaires de pratiques recommandées en fonction du zodiaque, des solstices d’hiver et d’été, des équinoxes d’automne et de printemps, des phases lunaires et de la position des Pléiades). Bien que les plus anciens manuscrits slaves conservés datent du premier quart du XVe siècle, leurs manuscrits originaux doivent être beaucoup plus anciens et trouver leur origine dans les scriptoria monastiques du mont Athos, avant de se diffuser à travers les réseaux monastiques du Commonwealth byzantin, des Balkans à la Russie. Ces textes représentent une contribution modeste mais importante à l’histoire de la réception de l’héritage galénique dans le monde slave, un champ encore peu étudié.
Comment citer : Badalanova Geller, F. “Galen’s Nachlass in Slavonic Intellectual Landscapes: Knowledge Transmission in the Byzantine Commonwealth”. Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science (2023): src03 1–83. https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/4490
Is e an Taigh an Taisbeanadh: Hillary House and the Exhibition at Home
No full textThis case study explores the intersections between the Scottish-Canadian immigrant experience in Ontario and current decolonial museological practices and exhibition techniques. The paper examines the ways in which Hillary House—a Gothic Revival Victorian preserved in Aurora, Ontario—reflects the perspectives and experiences of educated, middle-class Scottish immigrants who, both consciously and unconsciously, aligned themselves with British colonialism and imperial causes. Many mid-19th-century immigrants from the Lowlands of Scotland found themselves deeply entwined with English values, even as they embraced the components of their identities that were distinctly Scottish. Their goal was often to advance in the socio-economic hierarchy in Canada with new opportunities, including land ownership and the establishment of professional practices, and to assimilate with their counterparts from England proper as part of a new elite. From this perspective, these immigrants were caught between the historical threshold of having experienced invasion, colonization, and then unionization at home in Scotland, and then perpetuating the imperial system through their own immigration and settlement in Canada as British subjects. Hillary House surfaces these dynamics in its architectural exhibition, as visitors come to understand the spectacle of Scottish-Canadian Britishness in the mid-19th-century
Assessment of Songwriting Interventions Using BPNSS: A Study on In-Patient Recovery and Self-Determination
No full text
This study examines the viability of songwriting as a recovery intervention for patients in a mental health hospital setting. Using the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNSS) as a tool for measuring one’s sense of autonomy, relatedness and competence, first-time participants were asked to complete the scale before and directly following a one-hour songwriting group, with open-text questions included in the post-intervention scale.
Forty-nine participants from two different in-patient units - Crisis and Critical Care (CCC) and Medical Withdrawal Services (MWS) - volunteered to take part in the study. Results indicated that participants from CCC only saw a statistically significant increase in competence scores, with open-text responses from both units supporting this finding. Common sentiments from open-text responses included growth in confidence and self belief, elevation in mood and expression of emotions through creative practice. Developing competence can be important when entering into recovery, and can lead to an increase in confidence. While the initial findings from this pilot study are promising, further research is needed to determine the efficacy of songwriting as a mental health intervention
‘I’m meant to be the success story, and I can’t be failing’: Exploring the Complicated Peer Worker Identity in the Context of the NHS in England
No full textBackground: Peer support is becoming a common feature of mental health service provision. In England most NHS mental health services now employ peer support workers (PSWs). Little is known about how the institutional context in which PSWs operate shapes their roles and identities.
Aim: To develop an understanding of PSWs’ perceptions of their identity in the context of an NHS mental health service.
Methods: Eighteen NHS PSWs were interviewed, and their transcripts were studied repeatedly during in-depth thematic analysis resulting in 5 themes.
Results: Four of the resulting themes related to different peer worker identities (empowered survivor, not peer enough, flaky and unstable & tokenistic). The fifth related to how PSWs resist and manage the identities available to them within an institutional context. The institutional context of NHS mental health services complicates the PSW identity because of its medical construction of lived experience, as well as its dominant cost-saving agenda.
Conclusions: The study furthers the understanding of how the medical, hierarchical, financially scarce context of mental health services impact PSWs’ perceptions of their identity, which is an under-explored area of research. A shift in focus away from PSWs, and onto the context that they are employed within is called for.
 
A Cross-Sectional Study on Indigenous Nurses’ Knowledge and Perceptions toward Planetary Health Challenges
No full textBackground: Planetary health challenges—such as climate change and vector-borne diseases—not only threaten human health, but also jeopardize food and water security, ecosystems, economic stability, and social well-being. Registered nurses play an integral role in supporting populations affected by planetary health challenges. Purpose: The purpose of the larger cross-sectional study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of registered nurses in Canada related to climate sensitive vector-borne diseases. This manuscript presents findings of the Indigenous participants from the larger study. Methods: A national self-administered digital survey was distributed to practicing registered nurses in Canada. Results: Of the 382 survey respondents, 35 respondents declared as Indigenous, Metis, or Inuit. Results indicated that most worked as frontline care providers, and several were nurse educators. Study findings revealed enhanced knowledge of climate change and vector-borne diseases, as well as increased awareness of, confidence toward, preparedness, and experiences with vector-borne diseases in practice demonstrated by Indigenous, Metis, and Inuit participants. The greater knowledge and confidence of Indigenous, Metis, and Inuit nurses toward climate change and vector-borne diseases may be attributed to intergenerational knowledge transfer, which has provided them with the knowledge to observe and adapt to climate-related concerns, such as the changing vector landscape. Conclusion: Indigenous nurses are well-positioned to lead the nursing profession to a decolonization of nursing knowledge, where Indigenous knowledge is used to educate and prepare nurses to address planetary challenges in practice and assume a greater role in leading change to advocate for a climate-resilient future
History Erased: Missing Stories of Racism in Librarianship
No full textLibrary science historian, Dr. Wayne A. Wiegand, examines the profession’s longstanding failure to acknowledge or address racism within its institutions and history. Despite the American Library Association’s 1939 Library Bill of Rights asserting commitments to intellectual freedom and non-discrimination, the library and information science (LIS) community has remained silent during pivotal moments of racial injustice, including the Alexandria Library sit-in, the aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education, and the targeting of Black librarians like Autherine Lucy and Ernestine Denham Talbert. Wiegand details how this silence extended into professional literature and conferences, leaving segregated libraries and acts of racial violence unexamined. Wiegand argues that librarianship’s culture of “politeness” and avoidance has led to collective historical amnesia, perpetuating myths of an unblemished profession. He calls for libraries to reckon with this erased history, integrate it into collective memory, and confront the ongoing implications of systemic racism
Looks Like Cancer But Not? Maxillary Sinus Hemangioma: A Diagnostic Dilemma
No full textIntroduction
Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors frequently occurring in the head and neck region; however, involvement of the paranasal sinuses is rare. Among these, cavernous hemangiomas of the maxillary sinus are particularly uncommon and may mimic sinonasal malignancies clinically and radiologically due to their aggressive features. Common symptoms include unilateral nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and facial swelling, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic and surgical approach.
Case Report
We report a case of a 68-year-old male with a two-year history of persistent right-sided nasal obstruction and blood-tinged discharge, accompanied by facial asymmetry and weight loss. Examination revealed a mass occupying the right nasal cavity, displacing the inferior turbinate. Imaging via contrast-enhanced CT showed a 6.2×5.7×3.7 cm enhancing soft tissue mass in the right maxillary sinus with bony erosion and extension into the nasal cavity, sphenoid sinus, and orbit, raising suspicion for malignancy. Pre-operative angiography confirmed vascular supply from the internal maxillary artery, and embolization was performed. The patient underwent a combined open and endoscopic right partial maxillectomy. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma.
Discussion
Despite their benign nature, sinonasal hemangiomas—especially cavernous types—can cause aggressive bony destruction, mimicking malignancy. Imaging may reveal enhancing masses with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, contributing to diagnostic challenges. Pre-operative embolization is a valuable adjunct to surgical resection to minimize intraoperative bleeding. Histologically, cavernous hemangiomas consist of dilated blood-filled vascular spaces with no cytological atypia, aiding in the differentiation from malignant lesions.
Conclusion
Maxillary sinus cavernous hemangiomas are rare and can present as a diagnostic dilemma due to their malignant-like features. A multidisciplinary approach involving endoscopy, imaging, embolization, and histopathological evaluation is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Complete surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment with favorable outcomes
