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From Madness to Medicine: How Nazi Medical Experimentation Morphed into Today’s Medical Field
Get PDFIt is no secret that many of our current scientific and medical advancements stem from a long history of research, trials, and experimentation, but not enough is known about the origins of our routine practices. The Holocaust enabled Nazi doctors to explore countless victims in search of the ultimate answer to the Jewish question. The answer: to alleviate the burden that those deemed “unworthy of life” placed on the greater society. The mass extermination practices which highlight the atrocities of the Holocaust are the end result of constant scientific developments disguised as medicine. Tiergarten 4 (T4) serves as the beginning of the euthanasia project, a secret initiative which strived to perfect the science behind extermination. This project quickly grew from a science experiment into a plague that invaded psychiatric asylums, pediatric wards, and eventually evolved into the main method of extermination in Nazi concentration camps. In the years following the conclusion of the war, the world turned its face from the horrors associated with the Holocaust. Tactics, regimens, and beliefs established throughout the Nazi regime were abandoned and disregarded as inhumane – except for those discovered through the robust scientific experiments disguised in the name of medicine. How did we progress from utilizing Zyklon B pellets into gas chambers to giving patients doses of anesthesia to be sedated for procedures? This paper analyzes the slow progression from madness to medicine, uncovering how Nazi medical experimentation slowly morphed into routine practices acknowledged in the medical field today
Nucleic Acid Editing by Adenosine Deaminase Enzymes
Get PDFRNA editing is crucial to the genetic diversity and structural complexity of organisms. ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) is an RNA editing enzyme that creates a mutation of adenosine to inosine. The human ADAR2 (hADAR2) enzyme is known to edit RNA; however, it contains minor sequence homology with the cytidine deaminase enzymes, APOBEC and AID, which are known to edit both DNA and RNA (11 & 12). The ability of hADAR2 to edit DNA was tested through transformation into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain BY4741. DNA editing was tested by determining if the transformed yeast became resistant to the antibiotic canavanine. Another editing enzyme within the ADAR classification is adenosine deaminase that acts on tRNA (ADAT). The structure of the ADAT1 from the organism, Candida albicans, will be determined through x-ray crystallography. The plasmid expressing the caADAT enzyme was purified from E. coli. The plasmid was then transformed into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BCY123. Expression of the ADAT gene was activated in yeast using the GAL promoter system. caADAT protein is histone-tagged and was purified using a nickel column. The crystals of the caADAT protein will be grown and diffracted to determine the structure
Identifying how Home Advantage Manifests in Butler Basketball Using SFA
Get PDFButler University’s basketball team has been in the Big East Conference since 2013 and is known for having a distinct home court advantage named ‘Hinkle Magic’ by fans. It is of interest to identify how home court advantage affects a Big East team’s ability to play to its full potential for generating wins and what factors are most accurate in measuring this potential. This project will utilize the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) model to identify a team’s efficiency when playing at home vs. away in order to identify when teams meet their potential and if game location has an effect on this result. The model will compute each team’s maximum attainable wins given the strength of their program and compare this threshold to the team’s actual success during the season. Panel data from the Big East 2013-2014 to 2019-2020 seasons will be used in modeling SFA. Measures such as Likelihood ratio test and pseudo R-squared will be used for model evaluation
Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sarasota Bay Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
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