FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET - Federal University Oye-Ekiti)
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Template Matching Based Sign Language Recognition System for Android Devices
Get PDFAn android based sign language recognition system for selected English vocabularies was developed with the explicit objective to examine the specific characteristics that are responsible for gestures recognition. Also, a recognition model for the process was designed, implemented, and evaluated on 230 samples of hand gestures. The collected samples were pre-processed and rescaled from 3024 ×4032 pixels to 245 ×350 pixels. The samples were examined for the specific characteristics using Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF, and the Principal Component Analysis used for feature extraction. The model was implemented in Android Studio using the template matching algorithm as its classifier. The performance of the system was evaluated using precision, recall, and accuracy as metrics. It was observed that the system obtained an average classification rate of 87%, an average precision value of 88% and 91% for the average recall rate on the test data of hand gestures. The study, therefore, has successfully classified hand gestures for selected English vocabularies. The developed system will enhance the communication skills between hearing and hearing-impaired people, and also aid their teaching and learning processes. Future work include exploring state-of-the-art machining learning techniques such Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for large dataset to improve the accuracy of results. Keywords— Feature extraction; Gestures Recognition; Sign Language; Vocabulary, Android device
Eutectic composition of selected phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications
No full textLatent heat storage in salt mixture has drawn so much attention because of the salt mixture’s capability of storing large quantity of heat when compared to single salt thereby, making it more feasible for use as phase change material. However it is worthwhile to find out among various combination of salts forming eutectic mixtures, the one that has the best energy storage capability by evaluating and comparing their melting points and latent heat storage. So in this research work, four different types of eutectic mixture of salts were prepared and experimentally investigated for the best thermal energy storage capability. The first eutectic mixture consists of 2.6g of LiNO3, 6.4g of NH4NO3 and 1g of NaNO3. The second eutectic mixture consists of1.75g of LiNO3, 3.9g of NH4NO3 and 1.1g of KNO3. The third one consists of 5.2g of LiNO3, 13.7g of NH4NO3 and 1g of NH4Cl) and the fourth one consists of 1.77g of LiNO3, 2.94g of NH4NO3, 1g of NaNO3 and 1g of NaCl. The latent heat and the melting point of the respective salt and their eutectic mixture were determined using digital differential scanning Apparatus. The results obtained showed that the melting points and latent heats of the first, second, third and fourth eutectic mixture were 79.50C and 112kJ/kg, 80.50C and 114kJ/kg, 81.40C and 109kJ/kg, 84.40C and 119kJ/kg respectively. In view of this, the eutectic mixture of 1.77g of LiNO3, 2.94g of NH4NO3, 1g of NaNO3 and 1g of NaCl with melting point of 84.40C and latent heat of 119KJ/Kg was found to possess the best thermal energy storage capability compared to others..Keywords—Eutectic mixture, Salts, Phase change materials (PCM), Latent heat storag
An Android Based Home Electrical Appliance Control System
No full textElectric bulbs, television sets, fans and other home appliances are usually controlled largely with human effort using mechanical switches. However, over the past decade, there has been drastic improvement and advancement in consumer electronics and embedded systems. This has ensured a home environment where appliances can be connected and controlled using wireless technology and an Android smart phone. This study demonstrates the design of an automated system to assist and provide support in order to fulfill the needs of the physically disabled and elderly ones in controlling electrical appliances in homes. The heart of the control system is the wireless Bluetooth technology which provide remote access from a smart phone to a Bluetooth module and then to a control and switching unit. Bluetooth wireless connection enables the system to communicate with a Java application on an Android smart phone without cable. The user can easily touch on the phone screen to control the home appliances linked to the system. This method which requires minimal human effort is able to assist the disabled, sick and elderly people who have difficulties with locomotion. Thus, a control system has been designed which offer a low design, installation ease, quick response time and a user friendly interface in controlling home electrical appliances.Keywords - Android Phone, Bluetooth, Microcontroller, Relay and Switchin
Application of Langrangian Theory in Inventory Cost Reduction of a Firm
No full textCurrent events confirm the vital and dynamic need for studies that embrace Economics, Engineering, Management, and many other disciplines to confront the difficulties encountered in converting raw inputs to manufacturing outputs. This paper presents the assessment of inventory control system in a typical steel construction firm in Ibadan, Nigeria, with a view to predicting how best the inventory cost can be reduced. Data were collected by interviewing appropriate respondents at the production, stores, transport, purchasing, accounts, and wages sections of the firm and relevant documents used between the year 2014 and 2019. These were tailored towards identifying the controllable variables that were later classified using ABC Pareto analysis; implementation of an inventory model (Langrangian Multiplier) by mathematically relating the variables to the total cost; and evaluating the optimal values of the variables and the optimal cost of the system. The raw materials of the outfit were found to involve 88 items; which were grouped into 5, 20 and 63 items for classes A, B, and C respectively in accordance to ABC Pareto analysis. The identified controllable variables involved premises rent, unit ordering cost, annual demand, unit space and unit holding cost. On implementing the model, the annual total inventory cost was found to be N307,446.25, N154,667.50, and N84,035.00 for quarterly, bi-annual and annual inventory policies respectively; while the annual Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) was found to be N45,110.65 per annum. This shows that the company’s inventory cost can be reduced by N262,335.60 (85%), if the Annual Economic Order Quantity (proposed model)is implemented. This study has revealed the effect of implementing a standard inventory model for cost reduction in the area of material management.Keywords—Economics, Engineering, EOQ model, Inventory cost reduction, Management
A Real Time Image Processing Bird Repellent System Using Raspberry Pi
No full textRice is one of the most consumed foods in Nigeria, therefore it’s production should be on the high as to meet the demand for it. Unfortunately, the quantity of rice produced is being affected by pests such as birds on fields and sometimes in storage. Due to the activities of birds, an effective repellent system is required on rice fields. The proposed effective repellent system is made up of hardware components which are the raspberry pi for image processing, the servo motors for rotation of camera for better field of view controlled by Arduino connected to the raspberry pi, a speaker for generating predator sounds to scare birds away and software component consisting of python and Open Cv library for bird feature identification. The model was trained separately using haar features, HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) and LBP (Local Binary Patterns).Haar features resulted in the highest accuracy of 76% while HOG and LBP were, 27% and 72% respectively. Haar trained model was tested with two recorded real time videos with birds, the false positives were fairly low, about 41%. This haar feature trained model can distinguish between birds and other moving objects unlike a motion detection system which detects all moving objects. This proposed system can be improved to have a higher accuracy with a larger data set of positive and negative images. Keywords—Electronic pest repeller Haar cascade classifier, ultrasoni
Kinetics of Arsenic Contaminated Soils Remediation with Arthrobacter nicotiniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae
No full textThis work is on bioremediation of soils contaminated with arsenic (As) using Arthrobacter nicotiniae (A. nicotiniae) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with a special focus on the kinetics of the bioremediation. The organisms were indigenous to the treated soils. They were respectively inoculated into 5 g each of soils samples dressed to attain a condition preset with optimum influencers earlier screened from first phase of remediation study. The samples were studied on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days for residual As, and the laboratory results were assessed with four kinetics models. The tested models well described the bioremediation process. However, bioremediation with A. nicotiniae was overwhelmed by chemical process and the bioremediation with K. pneumoniae was taken charge of by physical process as determined from the rate-limiting steps of chemisorption and diffusion for the influences of A. nicotiniae and K. pneumoniae respectively. This is vital for the design and operation of an effective treatment system.Keywords - Kinetics, soils, bioremediation, system
Optimizing Some Process Parameters in Aluminium Bagasse Ash Reinforced Composite
No full textOptimization of process parameters in aluminum bagasse ash reinforced composite was studied using Taguchi L16 standard orthogonal array for the design of experiment, with the weight percentage of bagasse ash, melting temperature, stirring time and stirring speed as the control factors considered and impact and yield strengths as responses. Sixteen experiments were conducted through stir casting rout, impact and tensile tests were concluded on the samples. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the signal to noise ratio were analyzed using the results of the tests. The analysis of variance and main effect plot show that the weight of bagasse is the most critical and contribute over 82% to the impact strength and over 96% to the yield strength. The signal to noise ratio provided the optimal parameters as 5% weight of bagasse, 730oC melting temperature, 2.5 minutes stirring time and 450 rpm stirring speed on the impact strength. The yield strength optimality according to Table 7 for the factors are 15% weight of bagasse, 880oC melting temperature, 2 minutes stirring time, and 500 rpm stirring speed. So, the weight of bagasse improves the mechanical properties of the composite, and sample 5 is the toughest of the materials having the highest impact Energy.Keywords- aluminium alloy, bagasse ash, impact energy, optimization, process parameters, yield strengt
Comparative Analysis of XML Schema Languages for Improved Entropy Metric
Get PDFThe eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a data set to represent data in a format that is both human readable and machine readable. For XML documents to provide understanding about data exchange between applications, XML schema documents should be validated against the schema language. Most existing schema metrics were implemented differently in Document Type Definition (DTD), XML Schema Definition (XSD) and Regular Language for Next Generation (RNG) but never compare XML schema languages on any metric. Hence this paper compared three different schema languages on Improved Entropy Metric (IEM) using the Number of Attributes (NA), Number of Equivalence Class (NEC), Frequency Occurrence of Class (FOCi) and Number of Elements (NE). The proposed metric was applied on real schemas documents data are acquired from Web Service Description Language (WSDL) and implemented in DTD, XSD and RNG. The result showed that RNG reduce complexity of class elements, reflect strong support for class elements to appear in any order which showed more reusability and flexibility traits and overall understanding of the schema documents becomes much easier because RNG can be algorithmically converted and partner with other schema languages therefore this reduces maintenance effort. Keywords— XML Schema Language, Schema Documents, Schema Metric
Influence of Osmotic Pre-treatment and Drying on Physicochemical, Microbial, and Storage Stability of African Star Apple
Get PDFAfrican star apple (Chrysophillum albidum) is a highly nutritious fruit rich in vitamins A, B, and C. However, African star apple (ASA) is still an underutilized fruit due to high post-harvest losses. The fruit has not been processed into a stable shelf product. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and storage stability of osmotically dried ASA. Fresh matured ASA was sliced into 5 mm thickness and immersed in different concentrations of sugar solution (50, 55, and 60o Brix) for 24 h prior to drying in a cabinet dryer (55 oC, 18h). The products were stored for 8 weeks and samples were taken at 2 weeks intervals for proximate composition, microbiological, and vitamin analysis. Colour measurements and sensory attributes of the osmotically dried ASA were also determined. Proximate composition of the sample showed that there was no significant reduction in the proximate contents of the samples treated with different osmotic sugar solutions after 8 weeks of storage. However, there was a slight reduction in vitamin A (314.23 - 293.30 µg/100 g), C (11.94 – 7.38 mg/100 g), and E (8. 32 – 5.15 mg/100 g) contents of fruit after 8 weeks of storage. The microbial load of the sample decreased with increased oBrix level while colour intensity and sensory properties increased with an increase in oBrix level of the osmotic solution. This study provides basic information for postharvest management of ASA to boost its economic importance.Keywords- African Star Apple, Osmotic Dehydration, Proximate Composition, Vitamin Analysis, Sensory Properties
Agricultural Wastes Conversion into Bio-fertilizer using Vermicomposting Method
No full textIn this study, agricultural waste materials (fresh and dried plantain peels and fresh and dried potato peels) were placed in four plastic bins labelled A1, A2, B1 and B2 respectively and vermicomposted into bio-fertilizer. The earthworms used for the study, Eudrilus eugeniae, were introduced into the bins at a ratio of 5:1 (waste/worm) in grams. The moisture content, temperature and pH level in the system were monitored for a study period of 15 days. At the end of the study period, the vermicasts produced were collected from each bin and analysed for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium concentration. Sample A1 (fresh plantain peel) had the maximum concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with a value of 0.20%, 0.05% and 0.40% respectively. While sample B1(fresh potato peel) had 0.11% N, 0.04% P and 0.30% K; A2 (dried plantain peel) had 0.09% N, 0.02% P, and 0.30% K; and B2 (dried potato peel) had 0.13% N, 0.02% P, and 0.10% K. The results also revealed that vermicomposting reduced the mass of all the samples with a reduction of 48%, 45%, 53% and 49% for A1, A2, B1 and B2 respectively. The data obtained were statistically analysed using ANOVA to ascertain the significant effect of the types of peels on the NPK contents; Duncan multiple range test was also used to check if the differences in mean values obtained were significant. The concentration (in ratio) of N-P-K for the vermicompost are; A1 4:1:8, A2 5:1:15, B1 3:1:8 and B2 7:1:5, in comparison with the inorganic fertilizer with ratio 1:1:1. This indicated that the concentration (in ratio) of N-P-K is higher in the vermicompost than inorganic fertilizer. Therefore, vermicomposting is a promising alternative technology for the treatment of agricultural wastes into nutrient rich bio-fertilizer, it is eco-friendly, cheaper and more sustainable.Keywords - Earthworm, plantain peel, potato peel, vermicast, vermicomposting