FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET - Federal University Oye-Ekiti)
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Determination of Sorptivity, Infiltration Rate and Hydraulic Conductivity of Loamy Sand using Tension Infiltrometer and Double-Ring Infiltrometer
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and accuracy of tension infiltrometer (TI) over double ring infiltrometer (DI) for determining infiltration rate (I) of loamy sand. Sorptivity (S), infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity (K) are soil properties that govern the rate of entry of water into the soil and its movement within the soil. The ease and accurate measurement of these properties depend on the instruments used. DI operates by ponding water and could be affected by preferential water flow during infiltration test which could not be avoided especially on a fertile soil. DI and TI at water potentials of -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m were used to determine infiltration rate of the soil. The mean values of sorptivity for DI and TI at water potentials of -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m were 847.02, 63.50, 33.15, 29.90 and 19.46 mm/h1/2, respectively. Mean values of infiltration rates for DI and TI at -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m water potentials were 471.26, 176.84, 73.73, 71.32 and 37.73 mm/h, respectively. Mean values of hydraulic conductivity for DI and TI at -0.02, -0.04, -0.05 and -0.06 m were 344.45, 22.42, 18.61and 16.83 mm/h, respectively. DI required 100-150 litres for the infiltration test, difficult where water is very scarce and gave higher values of infiltration rate. TI saved water (2-3 litres), controlled preferential water flow and values of S, I and K were within the range obtained by other researchers. TI is more effective for measuring hydraulic properties soil than DI.Keywords:Double ring infiltrometer, tension infiltrometer, sorptivity, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivit
Bayesian Coalition Game for Overlay D2D Spectrum Sharing in Cellular Networks
No full textIn this paper, we present a Bayesian coalition game model for spectrum sharing in order to increase the overall spectrum resource capacity in a cellular network with device-to-device (D2D) communication capabilities. The coalition game is used to enforce cooperation among D2Ds competing for the use of the limited spectrum resource. In this paper, D2D users can access the network in an overlaid mode and share their allocated sub-bands with other D2D users using the proposed game which enables coalition formation that guarantee an optimal rate for all users in the network. The paper establishes sufficient conditions needed for stability in the coalitions formed and present simulation results to show that it is possible to increase the overall capacity of the D2D-enabled cellular network without reducing the performance of the licensed cellular users using the proposed game. D2D spectrum sharing using our proposed algorithm was compared with spectrum sharing using the random pairing method to validate our game model. Results show that there was a 44% and 36% increase in cell sum-rate, when our proposed sub-band allocation game was deployed compared to the random pairing method, for the 50 and 100 cells respectively. The proposed sub-band allocation game also performed better with an increased number of users in the network because of the effective coordination offered by the algorithm.Keywords— Cellular, coalition game, D2D, overlay, spectrum
Design and Construction of a Portable Electronic Sleep Inducer for Low Resource Settings
No full textGood quality restful sleep is indispensable to mental and physical health. However, pressure due to busy life style, work and sometimes physiological factors have placed constraints on adequate and healthy sleep pattern leading to several sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome. Sleep disorder affects the quality of life of such patients as it grossly reduces efficiency at work and leads to poor mental and physical health. Available drugs to treat this disorder are addictive with strong adverse effects, while existing devices to provide intervention are very expensive. Hence, the development of an affordable, portable electronic sleep inducer with display unit is presented. It uses geomagnetic property of the earth coupled with electromagnetic wave induction to stimulate sleep. The signal frequency was generated by IC4047 coupled with Arduino Uno and ATmega 328p for device control. The output of this electronic sleep inducer is found to satisfactorily produce 5.89 Hz and 3.58 Hz for theta and delta waves respectively, needed to induce sleep. It consumes less power and it is rechargeable. Keywords— Sleep; Sleep disorder; Insomnia; Geomagnetic wave
Fuel Characterization of Agro-wastes and Briquettes Produced from Rice Husk, Groundnut Shell and Corncob Blends
Get PDFThe choice of agro waste for the production of briquettes for domestic and industrial cottage utilization depends on the residues’ physical and fuel characteristics. This study investigate the physical and fuel characteristics for both the residues and blends of rice hull, groundnut shell and corncob. The residues were subjected to size reduction process and variance analysis was used to establish the influence of each sample blends. Different samples of briquettes were produced by blending rice hull (R), groundnut shell (G) and corncob(C) with different ratios of R:G:C respectively using cassava starch as a binder. The residue’ dimensions and densifications of the sample briquettes were determined using standard methods.The results revealed the following ranges of values; For the compressed residues, density (0.075 - 0.099Kg/m3), volume (0.001 - 0.002m3), height (1.0357 - 1.0343m). For the relaxed residues, density (0.049 - 0.210Kg/m3), volume (0.0001 -0.0002m3), height (1.0357 - 1.0343m). The residual density of rice hull, groundnut shell and corncob are 104, 105, and 103 (Kg/m3) respectively. The densification; compressed density (461.22 - 627.24 Kg/m3), relaxed density (285.47 - 393.63 Kg/m3), density ratio (0.56 - 0.66), relaxation ratio (1.52 - 1.79), and compaction ratio (1.46 to 2.01). Blend formulations affected the combustion characteristics of the briquettes, with low moisture briquettes possessing higher calorific values. The briquette formulation containing ratio 50:20:30 of rice hull: groundnut shell: corncob respectively had more positive attributes of biomass fuel such as lower relaxation ratio and high compaction ratio than the control and other formulated briquettes in this study. Generally, significant (p<0.05) differences existed between the samples in almost all the parameters.Keywords: Briquettes, Corn comb, Densification, Fuel Characterization, Groundnut shell, Rice hull
Abstracting Packet Header Information for Intrusion Detection in High-Speed Networks
No full textIncrease in network traffic coupled with increasing adoption of end-to-end encryption of network packets are two major factors threatening the potency, or even the relevance, of packet-based intrusion detection techniques. Also, end-to-end encryption makes it nearly impossible for network and host-based intrusion detection system to analyze traffic for potential threats and intrusion, hence, the need for an alternative approach. Flow-based intrusion detection system has been proposed as an alternative to a packet-based intrusion detection system as it relies on information embedded in packet header and various statistical analyses of network flow for detecting intrusion. This paper proposes packet header information abstraction model for intrusion detection on the UNSW-NB15 intrusion dataset. Four existing classification algorithms which include: Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Naïve Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to evaluate the degree of representativeness of the proposed model using accuracy, sensitivity and specificity evaluation metrics. An average accuracy of 97.95% was recorded across the four models with the minimum accuracy of 97.76 on SVM and best accuracy of 98.05% on CART while Sensitivity of 1.0 on both CART and NB shows that the model performs well in correctly identifying attacks in the network. The average specificity of 0.98 is also an indication of low false positive. Results obtained show that the proposed abstraction model achieves high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The model can be used as filter on a high-speed network whereby packets flagged as an attack can be subjected to further analysis.Keywords—Data Abstraction, Data Mining,Flow-based, Intrusion detection, Network Securit
Variation of Cathodic voltages and their effect on Optical Properties and Conductivity Type of Electrodeposited Aluminium Selenide Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications
No full textIn this paper, Aluminum selenide (Al2Se3) thin films are synthesized electrochemically using cathodic deposition technique in which graphite was used as a cathode while carbon as an anode. Synthesis is done at 353 K temperature from an aqueous solution of analytical grade selenium dioxide (SeO2), and Aluminum chloride (AlCl2.7H2O). Aluminum selenide thin films from a controlled medium (pH =2.0) are synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate using varied potential voltages 1000 mV, 1100 mV, 1200 mV, 1300 mV and 1400 mV. The films are characterized for their optical properties and electrical conductivity. These various characterization reveals the successful fabrication of Al2Se3 thin films. Further investigation was done to study the effect of variation in the potential voltages.Keywords- Electrodeposition; Thin Films; Cathodic graphite; Characterization; Varied potential voltages
Geotechnical and Mineralogical Appraisal of Shale and Claystone Facies of the Maastrichtian Patti Formation, Bida Basin, Nigeria
No full textThe need for construction materials in the rapidly developing areas around Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria cannot be overemphasized and this study was undertaken in line with this need. The study area, located about 60km from Abuja, is underlain predominantly by shales and claystones of the Patti Formation. These argillaceous rocks may offer locally sourced construction material if they meet certain specifications, however to date, there has not been a geotechnical study of these rocks. The geotechnical properties and the mineralogy of the shale and claystone were investigated to evaluate their suitability for civil engineering works. Particle size distribution, Atterberg limits and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed on fifteen shale and claystone samples collected from three localities (along an approximately 25km transect) for determination of their geotechnical properties and mineralogical composition. Mineralogical data obtained show the samples are dominated by kaolinite with minor amount of montmorillonite. Quartz and minor amounts of microcline, rutile and anatase dominate the non-clay mineral fraction. Particle size data indicate high proportion of fines and they are well graded. The Atterberg limits indicate that the samples have average values of liquid limit of 51%, plastic limit of 23%, plasticity index of 29% and shrinkage limit of 13%. These indicate they are of medium compressibility, low to medium shrink/swell potential, marginal expansive rating and low permeability. High bulk specific gravity (average of 2.61) suggests the samples are inorganic and this is supported by the consistency limits values. Generally, the results indicate the shale and claystone can be useful as stabilizing materials in civil engineering works. In addition, the marginally expansive nature of the shale and claystone, low permeability and intermediate to high plasticity may make them suitable as road subgrade.Keywords— activity, Bida Basin, Gerinya, Kaolinite, plasticity, Patti Formatio
Suitability Assessment of Selected Lateritic Soils For Highway Construction In Anambra State, Nigeria
No full textFifteen samples of coarse-grained lateritic soils obtained from different parts of Anambra State were assessed for their suitability as materials for highway construction. The soil samples were subjected to laboratory tests to obtain their index properties, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) characteristics. Three compactive efforts namely, British Standard Light (BSL) compaction, West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction were employed in the compaction tests. Samples were soaked for 48hrs prior to CBR testing. The index properties of the soils were used to classify the soils as silty sand (SM) or silty sand/clayey sand (SM-SC) based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) classification as well as silty soils (A – 4) or silty/clayey gravel and Sand (A – 2 -4) based on American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classification. All the fifteen soils fell under “grading F” based on AASHTO standard specification designations for particle size distribution. The maximum dry unit weight (MDUW) of the soil samples ranged from 16.203 kN/m3 to 19.424 kN/m3,17.385 kN/m3 to 19.996 kN/m3 and from 18.126 kN/m3 to 21.473 kN/m3 with corresponding optimum moisture content of 11.4% to 21.4%, 12.45% to 12.5% and 8.5% to 11.75% for BSL, WAS and BSH respectively. The CBR values ranged between 7.92% and 18.87%. Most of the soil (more than 50%) did not meet the lower values of MDUW while only 20% of the soils had CBR values above 10% which is specified for subgrade soils by the AASHTO standard and the Nigerian Highway Design Manual, Federal Ministry of works and Housing.Keywords: coarse-grained, lateritic soils, highway pavement materials, USCS, AASHT
A Knowledge Representation Model Based on Select and Test Algorithm for Diagnosing Breast Cancer
Get PDFThere exist several terminal diseases whose fatality rate escalates with time of which breast cancer is a frontline disease among such. Computer aided systems have also been well researched through the use intelligent algorithms capable of detecting, diagnosing, and proffering treatment for breast cancer. While good research breakthrough has been attained in terms of algorithmic solution towards diagnosis of breast cancer, however, not much has been done to sufficiently model knowledge frameworks for diagnostic algorithms that are knowledge-based. While Select and Test (ST) algorithm have proven relevant for implementing diagnostic systems, through support for reasoning, however the knowledge representation pattern that enables inference of missing or ambiguous data still limits the effectiveness of ST algorithm. This paper therefore proposes a knowledge representation model to systematically model knowledge to aid the performance of ST algorithm. Our proposal is specifically targeted at developing systematic knowledge representation for breast cancer. The approach uses the ontology web language (OWL) to implement the design of the knowledge model proposed. This study aims at carefully crafting a knowledge model whose implementation seamlessly work with ST algorithm. Furthermore, this study adapted the proposed model into an implementation of ST algorithm an obtained an improved performance compared to the simple knowledge model proposed by the author of ST algorithm. Our knowledge mode resulted in an accuracy gain of 23.5% and obtained and AUC of (0.49, 1.0). This proposed model has therefore shown that combining an inference-oriented knowledge model with an inference-oriented reasoning algorithm improves the performance of computer aided diagnostic (CADx) systems. In future, we intend to enhance the proposed model to support rules. Keywords— Semantic web, ontology, OWL, breast cancer, Select and Test (ST) algorithm, knowledge representatio
Determination of Aquifer Characteristics in Okija, Anambra State, Nigeria
Get PDFKnowledge of hydraulic properties of groundwater aids economic and environmentally friendly exploitation of water resources in water-scare rural area such as Okija. In this study therefore, the aquifer constants are evaluated for Okija town in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria to facilitate efficient and effective exploitation of the water resources in the area. The drawdown test involved pumping down the water level and monitoring the response of hydraulic head in the surrounding aquifer. The computation of formation constants is performed in three ways: Theis method, Cooper-Jacob method and Chow method. Model Selection Criterion (MSC was used to evaluate the discharge predictions from the three methods. The results show that transmissivity and storage coefficient for Theis method are 256. 37 m2/day and 146.67 m2/day; Cooper-Jacob method are 251.71 m2/day and 131 m2/day, and chow method are 2 67.87 m2/day and 146.67 m2/day respectively. This work represents a practical and novel approach to the determination of a key hydrogeological parameter for a highly transmissive aquifer. Keywords—.Aquifer constants, Theis method, Cooper-Jacob method, Chow method, Okij