FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET - Federal University Oye-Ekiti)
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Cost Sustainability Analysis of an Enhanced Distribution Network
Get PDFThis study presents the cost sustainability analysis of an enhanced distribution network (DN). In the study, the enhancement of the DN was achieved through network reconfiguration (NR) and the introduction of distributed generation units (DGs) at some locations. When the DN was only reconfigured, the power losses in the network reduced by 23.39 % at 1.0 p.u loading; whereas, the minimum voltage profile in the network improved by 1.79 %. When both reconfiguration and DG were engaged in losses minimization, power losses reduced by 61.94 % at full load, whereas the minimum voltages in the network improved by 7.66 %. When the DN was reconfigured and DGs were embedded at three different locations, the energy losses in the entire network reduced by 61.94 % and 58.37 % at 0.5 and 1.0 loadings respectively; whereas, the minimum voltages in the network improved by 1.21 % and 8.46 % at 0.5 p.u and 1.0 p.u loadings respectively. The information obtained from the load flow analysis was used for the economic analysis of the DN when both reconfigured and three DGs were embedded at different locations of the network. The annual financial energy gains evaluated from the annual energy savings was about $125,000.00, when the DN operated at 100 % loading capacity all year round. The financial savings are sufficient to cover annual operational cost of solar PV DGs; as well as, recovering its capital investment with a payback period of 5 years
Dehydration Kinetics of Cassava, Yam and Potato Slices Using a Refractance WindowTM Dryer
Get PDF This study aims to investigate the drying characteristics of cassava, yam, and potato slices using a laboratory scale batch Refractance Window™ (RW) dryer. The experimental dryer was constructed by modifying a laboratory water bath. The bath was covered with a transparent Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic film held in-place with angled edges. The cassava, yam, and potato slices were dried on the Refractance WindowTM dryer, and the variation of the moisture content of the slices during the drying process was measured. The water temperature beneath the plastic film was maintained at 60oC. The dehydration data were fitted to thin-layer drying models. Regression analysis suggested that the Haghi and Ghanadzadeh model best describes the dehydration behaviour for the 3 mm thick slices for the cassava, yam, and potato tubers. The coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.999, 0.998, and 0.998 for the cassava, yam, and potato slices respectively were reported in all the models studied. The drying curves, the drying rate curves, and the Krischer curves, from the experimental drying data, was plotted. Observations indicate that the cassava, yams, and potatoes slices dried to below 0.11 g water/g-solid moisture content in about 150 min. This study was performed to facilitate the understanding of the design, modelling, and operations of a continuously operating RW dryer. Keywords: Refractance Window Drying, Thin Layer Drying Models, Yams, Cassava, Potatoes
The Effects of Varying Water-Cement Ratio on the Degradation of Concrete by Sulphate Salts
Get PDFThis study assessed the extent of degradation by seawater on the physical properties and strength characteristics of concrete. It evaluated the extent of deterioration of concrete by MgSO4. Three concrete mixes corresponding to grade 20 with water-cement ratios of 0.45. 0.6 and 0.75 were prepared. 324 concrete cylinders of 100 mm dia × 200 mm were partially immersed in exposure regimens of Distilled Water (DW), 5% Magnesium Sulphate Solution (MSS) and Seawater (SW) for a period of 180 days. Physical tests involving visual assessment of degradation and expansion measurements were employed along with mechanical tests of compression and splitting tensile tests. Results of the physical examination showed that the specimens in MSS, after 120 days, developed blooms of salt crystals above the evaporation front. At the end of 180 days the 0.75 w/c specimen in MSS expanded slightly by 1.01%. The compression test result showed a progressive increase in strength. However at 150 days, the 0.60 w/c and 0.75 w/c specimens in MSS dropped. At 180 days, the 0.45 w/c specimens showed that DW and SW strengths were higher than MSS by 1.06% and 1.02% respectively. The lower water-cement ratio could possibly reduce sulphate induced damage as the magnesium sulphate did not penetrate the concrete easily
Natural Frequencies of Pressurized Hot Fluid Conveying Pipes
Get PDFIn this study, the transverse natural frequencies of a pressurized hot fluid conveying pipe is investigated using complex mode function. Employing the dispersive relations and the non-trivial solution of the coefficient matrix obtained from the boundary equations, the eigenvalues and the linear natural frequencies are obtained numerically. The parametric study is conducted to highlight the effects of variation in operating pressure and pressure drop on the first two modes of the natural frequency of the system. The natural frequency was found to increase nonlinearly with the increase in the operating pressure and pressures drop but decreases with flow velocity. Keywords— Fluid-conveying pipe, natural frequency, pressure variation, transverse vibration
Analysis of the Generalized Inverse Polynomial Scheme to Initial Value Problems
Get PDFIn this paper, we study the analysis of the generalized inverse polynomial scheme for the numerical solution of initial value problems of ordinary differential equation. At first, we generalize the scheme up to the fifth stage using the Binomial expansion and Taylor’s series method towards its derivation. The trend shows the generalization to the kth term. The analysis demonstrates the efficiency and the effectiveness of the generalized scheme.Keywords— Taylor’s Series, Initial Value Problem, Stability, Consistency, Convergence
Ground Magnetic Attributes For Subsurface Structural Analysis of Foundation Beds in a Sedimentary Terrain in Southwestern Nigeria: OSUSTECH Permanent Site as a case study
Get PDFThe structural failure such as subsidence, collapse and cracking of the walls of buildings in Nigeria has posed a threat or a significant potential hazard to the community in the affected areas. These hazards include gross loss of valuable lives and properties that always accompany such structural failure. Therefore there is need for subsurface structural analysis. The Stop-And-Go method was used for the acquisition of the data. This method is good for subsurface investigation at depths below 30 metres (100 feet). Data for this study were taken at a 10 metres station spacing which is about half that of the expected depth of target. The method requires the technique of measuring total field components at discrete points along the traverses distributed regularly throughout the survey area of interest. The raw data were processed to remove diurnal variations from the total field data measured from the base station. Interpretation of the ground magnetic data revealed that the study area comprises zones underlain with thin to thick overburden. In all the profiles, the regions A and B are associated with the high magnetic values except in the profile 4 in which only region E is associated with high magnetic values. Thus, the region E in the profile 4; the regions A and B in the profiles 1, 2, 3 and 5 are competent zones for the sitting of structures. It can be deduced that the regions of high magnetic susceptibility and high resistivity are competent zones for construction of high rise buildings and other engineering structures. While the regions of low magnetic susceptibility and low resistivity could pose problem of subsidence of the buildings around the region
Geophysical Site Investigation for Groundwater Prospecting in the Permanent Site of Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
Get PDFGeophysical investigation of the permanent site of Federal University, Dutsin-Ma located in Katsina State site was carried out with the objective of investigating the subsoil conditions based on geophysical site exploration methodology in order to take precise engineering decisions on the best locations for different utilities and ground water profile establishment. The major instruments used in carrying out the fieldwork include: SAS 300, Reels of cables, sets of electrode, hammer, tapes and sealed battery. Six survey profiles were used with 200m length each. Dedicated geophysical software was used for the data processing. Results show that the thickness of the overburden which ranges between 2 m to 35 m is more in the southern part of the survey area than the northern part that has thin overburden thickness. This suggests that the thickness of the underground water aquifer will be more in the southern part of the survey area. Best locations of boreholes were recommended and alternative source of water was suggested based on observation.Keywords: Fresh basement, Geophysics, Resistivity imaging, Site investigation, Subsoil exploration, Aquife
Comparative Analysis of Selected Heterogeneous Classifiers for Software Defects Prediction Using Filter-Based Feature Selection Methods
Get PDFClassification techniques is a popular approach to predict software defects and it involves categorizing modules, which is represented by a set of metrics or code attributes into fault prone (FP) and non-fault prone (NFP) by means of a classification model. Nevertheless, there is existence of low quality, unreliable, redundant and noisy data which negatively affect the process of observing knowledge and useful pattern. Therefore, researchers need to retrieve relevant data from huge records using feature selection methods. Feature selection is the process of identifying the most relevant attributes and removing the redundant and irrelevant attributes. In this study, the researchers investigated the effect of filter feature selection on classification techniques in software defects prediction. Ten publicly available datasets of NASA and Metric Data Program software repository were used. The topmost discriminatory attributes of the dataset were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), CFS and FilterSubsetEval. The datasets were classified by the selected classifiers which were carefully selected based on heterogeneity. Naïve Bayes was selected from Bayes category Classifier, KNN was selected from Instance Based Learner category, J48 Decision Tree from Trees Function classifier and Multilayer perceptron was selected from the neural network classifiers. The experimental results revealed that the application of feature selection to datasets before classification in software defects prediction is better and should be encouraged and Multilayer perceptron with FilterSubsetEval had the best accuracy. It can be concluded that feature selection methods are capable of improving the performance of learning algorithms in software defects prediction
Water Pollution Assessment of Selected Valuable Rivers in Efon Alaaye, Ekiti State
Get PDFPollution in relation to river water is the term used to express the level of contamination and the suitability of such river water to sustain various usage. In many developing countries, the main issue, however, is not the physical scarcity of water but poor management which results in the continuous deterioration of water quality. This study conducted an onsite measurement of seasonal stream flow and quality variation of major valuable streams use for non-potable domestic purposes in Efon-Alaaye, Ekiti state. Stream flow data was obtained using volumetric method and the quality analysis was carried out in accordance with Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. The result shows that the average stream flow ranges from 0.120 m3/s to 1.04 m3/s. The physicochemical parameters measured fall short of the national and international standards, which indicates that the water is not fit for human consumption. It was also observed that the self-cleansing of the studied rivers is sufficient to meet the quality requirement for non-potable domestic use. It is recommended that all human activities that could lead to further pollution should be avoided around the river catchment while period public enlightenment should be carried out to sensitize the community on the best hygienic practice within the river catchment to promote good water quality. Keywords: Water quality, water pollution, stream flow, water management
Risks Comparison between Nuclear Generated Electricity and Other Electricity Generation Sources in Nigeria
Get PDFNigeria with over 0.181 Billion people currently suffers from acute power shortage which has seriously affected the country’s economy for several years with no viable solution thus far. Salvaging this situation brings up the need for a search for more efficient means of generating ‘24/7’ electricity in Nigeria. Several attempts by Government to introduce nuclear generated electricity were faced with a lot of criticism from the Nigerian populace. This paper focuses on the perceptions of Nigerians vis-a-vis electricity production using nuclear energy. It raised valid questions and sampled opinions of Nigerians. The survey carried out in this work shows that a lot of Nigerians do not understand that we have accepted more risky physical facilities or riskier option of electrical energy generation as compared to nuclear energy. Hence it made comparison between the casualty rates from other energy generation sources, accident from various means of transportation and from nuclear power plant. The analysis of data used in this work (as provided in table 6.0), shows that it would take road traffic accidents just about four days to claim as much lives as nuclear reactors in 50 years and that in about three years, aviation industry in Nigeria claim more lives than accidents from nuclear reactors in 50 years. We also observed that electricity production from nuclear energy has the lowest record of accidents and fatalities rate as compared to other major energy generation sources