FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET - Federal University Oye-Ekiti)
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Geotechnical Assessment of Pavement Failure along Lagos-Ibadan Expressway
Get PDFPavement failure has contributed immensely to loss of lives, disruption to normal daily activities and increase amount of money being spent on maintenance annually. One of the causes is associated with inadequate investigations on subgrade materials. This study aimed at examining the geotechnical parameters as factors of pavement failure along Lagos–Ibadan Expressway. Samples were collected at the failed and stable portions on some selected road segments and subjected to laboratory tests including Natural Moisture Content (NMC), Linear Shrinkage(LS), particle size distribution and California Bearing Ratio(CBR). The NMC along the failed sections was on the high side (ranged from 13.11% to 26.89%) compared with the stable sections (ranged from 11.11% to 16.40%). Most of the tested soils have percentage passing 0.075mm sieve more than 35% maximum required by the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing for subgrade materials. The maximum dry density(MDD) for the samples at failed and stable sections ranged from 1550 kg/m3 to 1860 kg/m3; 1650 kg/m3 to 1980 kg/m3 respectively while the Optimum Moisture Content(OMC) ranged from 8.30% to 20.30%. The soaked CBR values ranged from 2% to 17% while the unsoaked values ranged from 4% to 25%. The increase in NMC along the failed portions could be as a result of high water table along these sections. Some of the materials at failed locations had values of LS > 8% which suggests high susceptibility to shrinkage and swelling which results in differential settlement and contributed to pavement failure along these sections of the road. Keywords: Geotechnical, Pavement failures, subsurface investigations, Expressway, subgrade materials
Stability Analysis of Fluid-Conveying Beams using Artificial Intelligence
Get PDFThis paper employs artificial intelligence in predicting the stability of pipes conveying fluid. Field data was collected for different pipe structures and usage. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model is implemented to predict the stability of the pipe using the fundamental natural frequency at different flow velocities as the index of stability. Results reveal that the neuro-fuzzy model compares relatively well with the conventional finite element method. It was also established that a pipe conveying fluid is most stable when the pipe is clamped at both ends but least stable when it is a cantilever
Software Defect Prediction Using Ensemble Learning: An ANP Based Evaluation Method
Get PDFSoftware defect prediction (SDP) is the process of predicting defects in software modules, it identifies the modules that are defective and require extensive testing. Classification algorithms that help to predict software defects play a major role in software engineering process. Some studies have depicted that the use of ensembles is often more accurate than using single classifiers. However, variations exist from studies, which posited that the efficiency of learning algorithms might vary using different performance measures. This is because most studies on SDP consider the accuracy of the model or classifier above other performance metrics. This paper evaluated the performance of single classifiers (SMO, MLP, kNN and Decision Tree) and ensembles (Bagging, Boosting, Stacking and Voting) in SDP considering major performance metrics using Analytic Network Process (ANP) multi-criteria decision method. The experiment was based on 11 performance metrics over 11 software defect datasets. Boosted SMO, Voting and Stacking Ensemble methods ranked highest with a priority level of 0.0493, 0.0493 and 0.0445 respectively. Decision tree ranked highest in single classifiers with 0.0410. These clearly show that ensemble methods can give better classification results in SDP and Boosting method gave the best result. In essence, it is valid to say that before deciding which model or classifier is better for software defect prediction, all performance metrics should be considered.Keywords— Data mining, Machine Learning, Multi Criteria Decision Making, Software Defect Predictio
Flexural Response of Reinforced Concrete Waffle Slab with Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in the Topping
Get PDFThe current trend of indiscriminate dumping of plastic wastes has lead researchers to look into the reuse of these materials especially in the building industry. In this work, waste plastic bottles polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were recycled to 4 mm diameter polymer rod and were used to replace wire mesh in the topping of waffle slab. The flexural strength and deformation of 12 waffle slabs with sizes of 700 mm × 700 mm × 120 mm, and 800 mm × 800 mm × 120 mm were determined with three samples for each size. The topping of six slabs were reinforced with the polymer rod while the remaining six were reinforced with wire mesh which served as the control. The laboratory test carried out showed that the young modulus of elasticity for polymer rod and wire mesh was 12,766 N/mm2 and 30,469 N/mm2 respectively. The average crack width for the waffle slabs reinforced with polymer rods and wire mesh range from 1 mm to 2.3 mm having maximum deflection of 42.93 mm and 40.64 mm respectively. The average ultimate flexural load was 50KN for both samples. The study concluded that the polymer rod could be used as topping in waffle slab
Effect of Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water on Growth and Yield of Maize under different Water Deficit Conditions
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of magnetic treatment of irrigation water (MTW) on the growth and yield of maize under water deficit conditions. The maize was planted in a pot (2 stands per pot) in a transparent garden shed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). A magnetic flux density of 443 gauss produced from electromagnet was used and measured inside the pipe using a gaussmeter Model GM-2 by Alpha Lab Inc. Water was allowed to flow through the magnetic field in a pipe for about 113 seconds. Four treatments used were 100 (2 litres at 100 %), 80, 60 and 50 % of water requirement labelled as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and each treatment was replicated four times. A control experiment by non–magnetic treatment of water (NMTW) was also set up. The mean heights of maize plant with MTW at 29 days for T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 160, 184, 106, 103 mm while the yields after 86 days were 238.1, 281.6, 232.1 and 210.1 g/pot, respectively. The heights of maize plant with NMTW for T1, T2, T3 and T4 at 29 days were 124, 151, 91 and 90 mm while the yields after 86 days were 156.3, 209.6, 201.6 and 150.6 g/pot, respectively. The yield of maize from MTW compared to yield of maize from NMTW was statistically significant under the same water deficit condition by statistical pair t-test analysis.Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Magnetic treatment of water, Magnetically treated water, Maiz
Towards Development of an Indigenous African Language-based Programming Language
Get PDFProgramming languages based on the lexicons of indigenous African languages are rare to come by unlike those based on Asian and / or European languages. It is opined that an African native language-based programming language would enhance comprehension of computer-based problem solving processes by indigenous students and teachers. This study intends to attempt a design and implementation of an African native language-based programming language using Yoruba as case study. Yoruba is the first language of over 30 million people in the south-west of Nigeria, Africa; and is spoken by over one hundred million people world-wide. In preparation towards actual implementation of a prototype of the intended programming language, a mini token recognizer has been developed in QBasic. Keywords— Native language-based programming languages, Yoruba language, Digital divide, Information and communication technology, prototype implementation.
Comparison of the Effect of Moringa Extract and Powder on Coliform and BOD Variation with Time
Get PDFThe study investigated the use of moringa extract and powder on coliform and BOD variation with time. Jar test analysis revealed optimum dosages that were used in the experimentation. Raw and waste water samples were treated separately with the extract and powder at detention periods of 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Coliform and BOD values of the water samples which were either flocculated or not were measured. The results revealed that, raw water coliform in excess of 1700cfu/ml and BOD of 78mg/L were reduced to 540cfu/ml and 60mg/L after 72 hours of using moringa extract in the treatment. But the same treatment using particle sizes of the powder indicated poor performance, especially in waste water treatment. The study reveals that moringa oleifera extract is comparatively better than powder in raw and waste water treatment. Key words - Comparison, moringa extract, powder treatmen
Program Evaluation and Review Technique Analysis of an Engineering Project
No full textBetween fifty to eighty percentof the projects known are not completed within the specified number of working days. Either the contractor was assessed liquidated damages or time extensions were authorized, necessitating additional manpower and / or extended working hours.The result in both cases was animmediate financial loss to the contractors; these losses were ultimately passed on to the company in general, contributing to spiraling project costs.Therefore, this paper examines and analysis data related to the project of the reactivation of line 1 for the production of iron ore concentrates of national Iron Ore Mining Company, Itakpe. Data collected involved the optimistic time, most likely and pessimistic times of completion of critical activities making up the project. This data was analyzed using the Program Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT), a MATLAB program was written to determine the critical path and the probability of project completion at a simulated time. It was found out that the project should have been completed in an optimal time of between 110 and 120 days as against the actual completion time of 180 days. The result of the simulated optimal completion time was compared to the actual completion time. Management agreed to adopt the PERT technique in future project works in the organization
Prediction of Peak Temperatures of Nigeria Research Reactor Core Components under Several Reactivity Accident Tests
Get PDFThe Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) consists of small water cooled square cylindrical core of 23cm in diameter and 23cm high. The small dimension of the core of this reactor facilitated our choice of PARET to perform reactivity accident analysis for NIRR-1 system. Our goal in this work is to predict the peak temperature of some important Nigeria Research Reactor (NIRR-1) core components under several reactivity accident tests. At power levels below 80kW, there were no significant differences between the peak fuel centerline temperatures, the peak fuel surface temperature and the peak clad surface temperature in the hot channel as well as in the average channel. The result from the reactivity accident test shows that power can never rise to an uncontrollable level in the core of NIRR-1 under ramp or step insertion of up to 4mk of reactivity. The calculated temperature of the important core components (e.g. fuel and clad) in the two channels (during this reactivity accident test) were far below their melting point temperatures. Boiling of any kind was not observed during this reactivity accident test. Therefore, NIRR-1 can be operated safely even if there is an inadvertent addition of up to 4mk of positive reactivit
Desirability Function Optimization of Garification Process Machine
Get PDFOptimal operational parameters of an automated batch process garification machine were determined in this study to make its use economical in terms of labour, time and energy requirement, thereby reducing cost of quality gari in our markets. A two level response surface experimental design/modeling was used in the investigation and quantification of the relationship between the operational and performance parameters of the machine, while desirability function optimization technique was applied to determine the optimal settings of the operating parameters investigated. The results of this performance analysis revealed 9, 20kg, 25 and 15 minutes, 57oC, 90oC and 90.91oC as the respective optimal number of pressing paddles, quantity of sifted cassava mash processed per batch, cooking and drying durations per batch, initial, cooking and drying temperatures of garification trough. The machine produced gari with moisture content, grain size and acidity level of 12.04 % (wb), 2.00 mm and 0.62% respectively at these optimal operational factor settings and these quality attributes conform to CODEX standards. In addition, its throughput increased by 13.55%, while its charcoal and specific energy consumption reduced to 12.57% and 24.20% respectively at its optimal factor settings