FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET - Federal University Oye-Ekiti)
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Effect of Double-T and V-shaped Pipe Configurations and Perforations on the Quality of Chicken Litter Compost
Get PDFLivestock waste management has received much attention because of the huge volume and instability. One of the good management practices adopted to address this menace is composting. This study examined the effect of specialized passively aerated composters on some physicochemical properties of chicken litter. The composter is made up of six double T and V shaped pipe with three different perforation diameters of 15, 20 and 25 mm. Pile configuration of the developed composters had marked effect on total nitrogen content (p0.05) of the compost subjected to 90 days composting time. The composters had uniform air distribution as pile temperature was not significantly affected by pile configuration, perforation size, and their interactions. Furthermore, both T and V shaped pipe structures reached a thermophilic temperature of 49.0 and 67 oC respectively and the compost stabilized in the 12th week. From the agronomic point of view, V-shaped pipe outperformed double inverted T pipes with perforation sizes of 15 and 20 mm. Overall result from this study suggests that double-T and V-shaped composters are feasible composting systems that can enhance biodegradation, maturation, and stability of chicken litter.Keyword: compost, litter, composter, double-T, pile, perforation
Effect of Fuel Properties of Cottonseed Oil Biodiesel on the Performance of Diesel Engine
Get PDFThis paper presents a study on the effect of fuel properties of cottonseed oil biodiesel on the performance of a diesel engine. The fuel properties of a biodiesel determine its effect on the performance of a diesel engine and perhaps, the degree at which it could be considered as a good alternative to the conventional diesel (petro-diesel). In this study, three biodiesel samples were produced from cottonseed oil via transesterification process using three different catalysts (NaOH, CaO, and Nano-CaO), i. e. using single catalyst per sample. The biodiesel samples (denoted by B-NaOH, B-CaO and B-Nano-CaO) were characterized and found to have some differences in their fuel properties. The biodiesel samples (100%) and petro-diesel (for comparison) were tested on a single cylinder Viking Super 165F diesel engine to determine the effects of their properties on performance of the engine. The test results showed that the biodiesel samples gave higher brake thermal efficiencies and higher brake specific fuel consumption compared to petro-diesel at virtually all loads. The results also indicate that B-NaOH biodiesel sample has the highest brake thermal efficiency and lowest brake specific fuel consumption among the biodiesel samples tested. Keywords—Biodiesel, Catalysts, Cottonseed oil, Diesel Engine, Fuel properties, Transesterification
Development of a Sludge Dewatering Filter and Utilization of Dried Sludge in Brick Making
Get PDFThese A dewatering filter was designed and constructed to dewater sludge collected from Eleyele waterworks using slow sand filtration. Washed sand passing through sieve mesh size of 1.18 mm was used as the filter media. The flow rate of the filtrate was monitored for six (6) days and readings were taken at 30-minute intervals for 6 hours after each sludge loading of 15 L. The dewatered and dried sludge was investigated for use as brick material. The sludge and laterite samples were characterized using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The major chemical components of the sludge and laterite samples were silicon, aluminium and iron oxides. The laterite soil sample consisted of 60.47% SiO2, 17.77% Al2O3 and 8.18% Fe2O3 while the sludge sample consisted of 52.98% SiO2, 29.46% Al2O3 and 3.63% Fe2O3. Batching method by weight was used in mixing the materials in the ratios of sludge at 0%, 15% and 30% to produce laboratory scale bricks with dimensions of 70 mm by 70 mm by 70 mm and the properties of the bricks were investigated. The average compressive strength of the laterite bricks with dried sludge content of 0%, 15% and 30% were 3.15 N/mm2, 3.08 N/mm2 and 2.64 N/mm2, respectively. The results of this research demonstrated that a locally constructed sludge dewatering filter can be used to thicken waterworks sludge and laterite-sludge can be made from dewatered water works sludge.Keywords—Compressive strength, bricks, filter, media slow sand filtration, waterworks sludg
Evaluation of the Performance of a Rotary screen Cowpea Cleaner-A Response Surface Approach
Get PDFThe performance of a rotary screen cowpea cleaner was evaluated at angles of inclination of 5, 10, 15 and 20o, screen speed of 115, 145 , 200 , 280 and 300 rpm with corresponding air velocity of 0.3, 1.3, 2.2, and 2.7 m/s using two varieties of cowpea namely Ife brown and IT90K-277-2. The results show that for Ife brown the highest cleaning efficiency of 71.12% was obtained at angle of inclination of 5o, screen speed of 315 rpm and air velocity of 3.5 m/s. The highest cleaning efficiency for IT90K-277-2 of 68.89% was also obtained at the same angle of inclination, screen speed and air velocity. Response surface plots for both varieties showed that increase in air velocity produced more increase in the cleaning efficiency than increase in screen speed. Mathematical equations for predicting the cleaning efficiency for both varieties were also determined. Keywords— Rotary screen, cowpea, cleaning efficienc
Time-based and latitudinal assessment of contaminated and clean water quality on concrete strength
Get PDFWith increasing population and demand for infrastructural development in many developing countries, the demand for concrete has been on the increase and does not show any sign of slowing down in the nearest future. Existing concrete structures are also deteriorating and require repair or replacement. In this study, multivariate methods of factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA), were applied to analyze the liquefied samples datasets for clean and contaminated (sewage) water obtained in Ado- Odo Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. FA clearly identified two groups of liquefied samples and indicated that the bacterial parameters are higher in fermented locust beans water which can be likened to presence of bacillus subtilis food type. Hierarchical cluster grouped 40 samples into two which are high and low levels of bacteria contents respectively. Descriptive statistics showed all parameters significantly (conductivity, TDS, BOD, COD, carbondioxide, Calcium, Chlorine, pH, Temperature, salinity) in Cluster A greater than in cluster B. The main self- healing parameter for crack sealing up, because when bacteria commence feeding on calcium lactate once activated, oxygen consumed as the bacteria feeds and insoluble limestone formed by conversion of the soluble calcium lactate is greater for contaminated water against portable water values. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation of presence of bacteria in liquefied samples before used as self-healing. Keywords— Carbondioxide, clean, self-healing concrete, water
Numerical Simulation of Conjugate Heat Transfer in Forced Convective Boundary Bilayered Cylindrical Pipe with Different Peclet Numbers
Get PDFThe heat transfer performance of bilayered composite systems through which thermally developing laminar fluids flow for cases in which axial conduction is either significant or negligible has been investigated. The heat transfer problems considered as two dimensional conjugate problems with appropriate boundary conditions were solved via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach in ANSYS 16.0. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of Péclet number (Pe), ratio of the thermal conductivity of the laminate composite (k21) and the laminate composite dimensionless-thickness ratio on the wall-fluid interfacial temperature and interfacial heat flux for Pe of 5, 100 and 1000, varying between 0.4 and 1.6, Bi of 5, kwf of 20, k21 between 0.025 and 1, and of 0.71. The effect of Pe was found to be more pronounced on the interfacial heat flux. Also, the changes in k21 and were shown to reduce with reduction in Pe. Keywords— Composite cylinder, convective heat transfer, Numerical simulation; thick-walled pipes
Characterization of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Powder for 3D Printing Feedstock
Get PDFThis paper assessed the suitability of PET powder produced by crushing used plastic bottles as 3D printing feedstock. Characterization of the powder was done through determining its flow property, coefficient of friction, bulk density, flexural and tensile strengths and compared with those of ABS, PLA, PVA, Nylon and HDPE which are used conventionally 3D printing of plastic parts. Two grades of PET bottles were used in this study: grade one which is designated PET1 with intrinsic viscosity values ranging from 0.78-0.80 (used for water bottles) and grade two which is designated PET2 with intrinsic viscosity values ranging from 0.80-0.85 (used for carbonated drinks bottles). The results of the tests performed showed that PET1 has bulk density, coefficient of friction, flexural strength and tensile strength values of 0.16 g/m3, 0.43, 82.1 MPa and 63.4 MPa respectively while PET2 has bulk density, coefficient of friction, flexural strength and tensile strength values of 0.15 g/m3, 0.22, 82.7 MPa and 57.8 MPa respectively. The Experimental results show that both PET1 and PET2 have very good flow property, and are suitable for 3D printing. This study solves two major problems: plastic waste management and availability of locally produced 3D printing feedstock, which is currently the greatest challenge of 3D printing in Nigeria. Keywords— 3D printing feedstock, Characterization, Intrinsic viscosity, PET powder
Comparison of Nigerian Barite Production with some Top Barite Producing Countries
No full textBarite is a very important industrial minerals used as weighting material in the petroleum industry. The nature of barite ores, geology of barite ores based on location were discussed. This paper presents top barite producing countries in the world, their production and consumption of barite, as well as their reserve. Despite all the barite deposits in Nigeria, which is approximately 15 million tonnes, it still imports barite from other countries for use in the drilling of oil and gas in Nigeria. This of course brings about unnecessary expenses been incurred by the government of Nigeria. Some of the challenges faced with the mining and processing of the Nigerian Barite were discussed. Proposed solutions to the mentioned challenges were also stated. The main challenge of the Nigerian barite is not with the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard, but the policies which do not favour investors. Investment by private companies into the mineral sector of Nigeria will bring about a lot of revenue to the government, if the right things are set in place. Keywords— Barite, producing countries, low-grade
Development of Frequency GSM Signal Jammer
No full textThis paper gives an explanation to the concept of mobile Jamming and explores jamming in the two popular mobile networks: Global system for mobile communication (GSM) and digital cellular network (DCS). The designed intelligent jamming system blocks the controller channel only, also it operates only if an active mobile is in the controlled area. The ADS - advance Design System for Agilent software package is used analyzed and simulated the mobile jamming system. The Mobile Detector Phone Jammer successfully jammed all the four operators but the radius of the range did not get as expected in the designed, this project only focuses on blocking the signal transmission between the ranges 935 to 960 MHz when tested and performed well. This can be effectively find its use in School Examination hall and religion worship centers. Keywords—Jammer, Mobile Phone, Network, Signal, Frequenc
Development of Finite Element Model for the Control of Solidification Shrinkage in Al-Si (A8011) Alloy Castings
No full textThe objective of this research work is to determine a realistic way of minimizing shrinkage in Aluminium-Silicon (Al-Si) alloy castings using finite element modelling. Finite Element method was used to discretize and solve the governing equations developed for the models using the commercial software, Comsol Multi-Physics. The models developed were validated from experimental data obtained from the foundry using six samples which were used to study the temperature profiles and nature of the solidification of the alloys. A comparison of the temperature profiles generated from the experiments and simulations show that in 64% of the processes, there were no significant differences between the experimental and simulated values. In comparing the Niyama values obtained from the experiments and those from the simulations, there were no significant differences in 46% of the processes. Threshold Niyama values of 0.143 (°C-s)1/2/mm was also established. Below these threshold values, it is predicted that shrinkage will occur in castings from these metals.Keywords— Aluminium alloy, Al-Si (A8011), Castings, Finite Element, Shrinkage, Solidificatio