JLIS.it (Italian Journal of Library, Archives, and Information Science / Rivista italiana di biblioteconomia, archivistica e scienza dell'informazione)
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The research archives in the digital environment: the Sapienza Digital Library project
Get PDFOne of the most critical problems for research archives is their definition. Without a common dictionary and a robust conceptual framework, academic research heritage, specifically if in digital form, is at risk; the efforts made for its preservation and exploitation will not be able to face old and new challenges and even less to exploit technological potentialities and new languages available.The tools developed for making accessible and preserving the academic outputs generally support creation of digital library and repositories for publications or for individual items. Specialized and efficient tools for identifying, describing, making available and preserving this heritage are requir ed. Compliance with acknowledged standards is necessary, but it is also essential to define consistent workflows, approve adequate policies and build sustainable services. The paper will discuss these issues by presenting the Sapienza Digital Library and its goals of identifying, making accessible and preserving significant research heritage in digital form. The ambition is to make it understandable and reusable both for the scientific community and professionals , and for no-academic users. Digital resources are described by the investigators themselves on the basis of detailed policies and with the support of professionals from the archival and librarian domains. Special attention is devoted to resources contextualization, to the provenance information and to the presentation of research projects and their outcomes. Collections are described and made accessible taking into consideration their specific domain vocabularies and standards and a validation process is in place to ensure a qualified approach.Uno dei problemi più critici per gli archivi di ricerca è la loro definizione. Senza un dizionario comune e un robusto quadro concettuale, il patrimonio della ricerca accademica, in particolare se informa digitale, è a rischio; gli sforzi compiuti per la sua conservazione e il suo sfruttamento non saranno in grado di affrontare sfide vecchie e nuove e di sfruttare le potenzialità tecnologiche e i nuovi linguaggi disponibili. Gli strumenti sviluppati per rendere accessibili e conservare le produzioni accademiche generalmente supportano la creazione di biblioteche digitali e repository per pubblicazioni o per i singoli elementi. Sono richiesti strumenti specializzati ed efficaci per l'identificazione, la descrizione, la messa a disposizione e per preservare questo patrimonio. È necessario il rispetto delle norme riconosciute, ma anche per definire consistenti procedure, di approvare politiche adeguate e costruire servizi sostenibili. L'articolo affronterà questi problemipresentando la Biblioteca Digitale della Sapienza e gli obiettivi da individuare, rendendo accessibili e conservando il patimonio di ricerche significative in forma digitale. L'ambizione è di rendere la questione comprensibile e riutilizzabile sia per la comunità scientifica e dei professionisti che pergli utenti non-accademici. Le risorse digitali sono descritte dagli stessi investigatori sulla base delle politiche dettagliate e con il supporto di professionisti dell'ambito archivistico e bibliotecario.Particolare attenzione è dedicata alla contestualizzazione delle risorse, alla rovenienza delle informazioni e alla presentazione dei progetti di ricerca dei loro risultati. Le collezioni sono descritte e rese accessibili prendendo in considerazione i loro specifici vocabolari e standard di dominio ed è in atto un processo di validazione epr garantire un approccio qualificato
RIMMF e Olisuite/WeCat di @cult, ovvero l’implementazione di RDA
Get PDFThe contribution discusses some considerations on the changes of the bibliographic universe, with particular attention to the changes due to the application of RDA guidelines on cataloguing and considering also a new-generation ILS presented on May 27th 2015 during a seminar held at the University of Florence. Developed by @Cult, the ILS Olisuite/WeCat allows the generation of bibliographic descriptions by creating data in Linked Open Data compatible format, while taking into account the relevant of records created with MARC21. Theoretical and technological models of reference are BIBFRAME and Semantic Web protocols, which are essential for a catalogue based on the functions to "identify" and to "connect" entities using the entities and relationships attributes.Il contributo propone riflessioni sui mutamenti dell’universo bibliografico, in particolare sulle novità apportate dall’applicazione delle linee guida di RDA nella catalogazione alla luce di un ILS di nuova generazione presentato il 27 maggio 2015 in un seminario dell’Università di Firenze. Sviluppato dall’azienda italiana @Cult, Olisuite/WeCat permette di creare descrizioni bibliografiche strutturando i dati in una modalità compatibile con i Linked Open Data pur tenendo conto dei milioni di record creati con MARC21. I modelli teorici e tecnologici di riferimento sono BIBFRAME e i protocolli del web semantico, ormai indispensabili per il nuovo catalogo che si basa sulle funzioni di “identificare” e “collegare” entità attraverso l’utilizzo degli attributi delle entità e delle relazioni.
Il paradigma di Darnton. Riflessioni sul ruolo sociale della biblioteca digitale
Get PDFThe interest in digital libraries began in the early nineties of the last century, particularly in the United States. At first the argument involved a few computer scientists and some librarian. However, after the first terminological uncertainties ("electronic" library, "virtual" library, etc.), digital libraries have become an object of interdisciplinary study and today constitute a research field of LIS. Over the years there has been an evolution of topics and approaches. The earlier prevailing interest was in the management and technological aspects of digital libraries and then emerged the need to rediscover the role of digital libraries in society. This paper focuses in particular on the most recent international debate on the social value of the digital library.L'interesse per le biblioteche digitali ha avuto inizio negli Stati Uniti nei primi anni Novanta. Al principio la discussione ha coinvolto solo qualche ingegnere informatico e pochi bibliotecari. Superate le prime incertezze terminologiche (biblioteca "elettronica", "virtuale" etc.), le biblioteche digitali sono diventate a tutti gli effetti oggetto di studi interdisciplinari e costituiscono un ambito di ricerca consolidato della biblioteconomia e delle scienze dell'informazione, ambito che ha visto nel corso degli anni una continua evoluzione di argomenti correlati e approcci.L'interesse iniziale prevalente, incentrato sulla gestione e sugli aspetti tecnologici delle biblioteche digitali, si è evoluto nella necessità di riscoprire il ruolo delle biblioteche digitali nella società. Questo saggio esamina con attenzione sul recente dibattito internazionale sul valore sociale delle biblioteche digitali
Il ruolo delle policy per i sistemi documentari
Get PDFThe article analyzes the role that policies have in guaranteeing the quality of creation, management and maintenance of digital resources, and offers an overview of national and international policies and standards that refer to records management and digital preservation. Finally, the article illustrates ICCROM’s records management manual and its digital preservation policy and strategy.L’articolo analizza il ruolo svolto dalle policy per la gestione e tenuta dei documenti e offre una panoramica sugli standard e sulle raccomandazioni nazionali e internazionali in questo ambito. L’articolo illustra inoltre il manuale di gestione dell’ICCROM (The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), nello specifico la policy e la strategia per la conservazione digitale
The Information in the Origin and development of the Documentation
Get PDFIl contributo di José López Yepes ha come scopo principale quello proporre una riflessione sui fondamenti della Documentazione, della Biblioteconomia e della Scienza dell'informazione in un'epoca caratterizzata da grandi trasformazioni e dalla perdita di molti punti di riferimento. Secondo lo studioso bisogna ripartire dallo studio dei concetti di informazione e di documento e dal loro stretto rapporto. Il messaggio, scrive Yepes, viene trasmesso attraverso il documento nello spazio e nel tempo e così a sua volta diventa una importante fonte di informazioni. L'informazione costituisce dunque il nucleo e il fondamento della Documentazione e delle discipline affini, anche se non può essere considerata un loro esclusivo oggetto di studio. Bisogna poi tornare a ragionare sul documento, e in particolare sulla sua natura, in quanto costituisce un punto di partenza indispensabile per gli studiosi della materia. L'autore, in questo articolo, oltre a segnalare la necessità di un approfondimento teorico propone di riscoprire l'opera di Paul Otlet e in particolare il Traité de Documentation (1934). Lo scopo non è semplicemente quello di rendere omaggio al fondatore della moderna Documentazione, ma di invitare a riconoscere l'attualità di un pensiero che ancora oggi può fornire un contributo importante alla ridefinizione dei concetti chiave della disciplina.The contribution of José López Yepes has as main purpose to propose a reflection on the fundamentals of the Documentation, the Library and Information Science in a time of great changes and the loss of many landmarks. According to the scholar we must start from the study of the concepts of information and documents and their close relationship. The message, says Yepes, is transmitted through the document in space and time and so in turn become an important source of information. Information is therefore the core and foundation of documentation and related disciplines, although it can not be considered an exclusive object of their study. We must then go back to think about the document, and in particular on its nature, since it is a necessary starting point for scholars of the subject. The author, in this article, in addition to signaling the need for a theoretical study aims to rediscover the work of Paul Otlet and in particular the Traité de Documentation (1934). The aim is not simply to pay tribute to the founder of modern documentation, but to invite to recognize the relevance of a thought that still can make an important contribution to the redefinition of key concepts of the discipline
BeWeB. The cross portal of cultural ecclesiastical heritage
Get PDFBeWeb – online ecclesiastical cultural heritage – is a project to establish a portal dedicated to the cultural and artistic heritage of the Catholic Church, by providing an integrated view of data regarding churches, the artwork and items of worship they contain, library and archive funds of diocesan and religious institutes, with a special focus on cultural, scientific and pastoral care aspects, in order to provide an authoritative tool for users to know more about these extraordinary assets.Our goal is to share the outcome of all activities carried out by dioceses and ecclesiastical cultural institutes to manage and enhance their cultural and artistic heritage, both through the catalogue – which provides a virtual map of buildings, items, cultural institutes, archives, funds and libraries – and also through content creation, by connecting different resources together and helping users find their way through this wealth of material, in order for them to appreciate aspects related to pastoral care and worship, in addition to history and culture. Integrating this kind of information leads to a clearer perception of the Church’s unique cultural heritage, which can be understood only by referring to local contexts that provide users with a fundamental key for interpretation.The digital inventory of ecclesiastical cultural and artistic heritage, that Italian dioceses have been urged to contribute to by the Italian Bishops’ Conference since 1997 – with the support of the National Office for Ecclesiastical Cultural Heritage (UNBCE) acting as coordinator – has led to the creation of a massive digital data bank in the last ten years. The inventory documents an extremely important, sizeable and peculiar cultural heritage, and testifies to the sense of responsibility and spirit of service of dioceses and religious institutes.UNBCE has laid down the methodology, identified strategies, provided means and support in the different work stages, but this project has been and still is a major networking effort, to which each diocese and institute contribute, safeguarding the added value that is given by the close union between information and heritage which, in several online projects, is sometimes undermined.The various inventory projects are the result of intense activity based on specific agreements signed with the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and respective Central Institutes, to promote filing initiatives that comply with relevant national and international standards, safeguarding filing entities’ specifities. The traditionally active dialogue between UNBCE, Ministry officials and particular Churches has led to the pursuit of shared goals in implementing this ambitious project.Currently, BeWeb hosts the data banks of several Italian dioceses’ historic and artistic heritage, in addition to fact sheets regarding dioceses and cultural institutes (museums, archives and libraries). Over time, it will be enriched with data banks of architectural heritage, archival funds and library assets, thus becoming a cross-sectoral portal of ecclesiastical cultural heritage with and extraordinary potential.BeWeb engages in dialogue on a 360° radius: this project also includes continuous updates and reflections regarding national and international scenarios, through a semantic web, open data and integration with internationally-renowned archives such as VIAF, ULAN, TGN. All this is also made possible by the development of access point control and standardization (authority files).BeWeb’s aim is to provide for different navigation needs: from average users looking for basic information to specialists engaging in more sophisticated searches. BeWeb acts as a mediator between users and cultural institutions, to enhance the Church’s important cultural heritage through greater participation by making communication easier
New displaying models of bibliographic data and resources: cataloguing/resource description and search results
Get PDFThe logical model outlined in Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records in 1998 has led to a theoretical reflection on the function of data and their organization into catalogues that hasn’t found stable effects in the representation of information yet. A consequence of the wide theoretical resonance of FRBR report was the review of regulatory codes and standards for electronic recording of bibliographic data. The first code that partly implements the FRBR model is the Italian one, published in 2009, the Italian cataloguing Rules: REICAT. The revision the Anglo-American cataloging rules has resulted in a new tool, based on the FRBR model and not set as a cataloging code: RDA. Resource Description and Access, released in 2010. To changing patterns of information models and contents’ media it has to add new information environment available to users, accustomed to using search engines as information retrieval tools, powerful and generalist.Today’s electronic catalogs are based on MARC formats for encoding of information, aimed at sharing and exchanging bibliographic records. However, the library data encoded in MARC exchange formats are invisible to search engines.Gradually, over the last few years, software modules devoted to cataloging have been differentiated from those for consultation, data visualization interfaces dedicated to users aimed to simplify the search mechanisms.One of the open issues relating to the new display systems concerns the selection and presentation of data. The sorting order is based on the criteria of relevance, which is based on scores that a software assigns to the record in relation to the weight or importance of the words entered in the search string.The new display systems of users ‘ searches, the discovery platforms that simultaneously query heterogeneous data bases for content and location, including also the OPACs, no longer use the languages of librarianship. The final display of search results does not conform to librarians’ models, judged commercially unclear for end-users, now accustomed to the seeming simplicity of the search engines. The risk , both at scientific and at professional level, is to lose the opportunity to propose not only a model for description of resources, but also a model for displaying data, the structural representation of entities based on the FRBR model, or RDA or REICAT principles.The paper here proposed analyzes different patterns of bibliographic data visualization that libraries’ OPACs and library service platforms begin to offer, focusing on three categories of innovations in displaying of cataloguing data: the data proposed by discovery tools or library service platforms, that transform and integrate information taken from the Integrated Library Systems with other collections accessible through libraries; the data derived from the cataloguing based on RDA started in some libraries; the displays of bibliographic data emulating the hierarchical organization among entities foreseen by FRBR
The right to be forgotten: What changes after the European Court of Justice judgment against Google
Get PDFIn questo breve intervento si prende in esame la recente sentenza della Corte di Giustizia Europea sul tema del diritto all’oblio che ha posto in primo piano le responsabilità nel trattamento dei dati personali in carico ai gestori dei motori di ricerca. Google è stato ritenuto responsabile della tutela dei dati personali contenuti nelle pagine indicizzate, perciò i cittadini possono direttamente rivolgersi ad esso per ottenere la deindicizzazione delle informazioni che li riguardano.L’analisi dei primi effetti della sentenza mostra come questo duplice ruolo di giudice e di giuria rivestito da Google debba essere ripensato per garantire un punto di equilibrio tra la tutela della memoria individuale e il diritto all’informazione per i cittadini.The brief paper examines the recent judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the right to be forgotten issue, highlighting main responsibilities of search engines managers in processing personal data. Google has been held directly responsible for the protection of personal data contained in search results, so that individuals have the right - under certain conditions - to ask search engines to remove links with personal information about them. The analysis of the first effects of this judgement shows that the double role of Google both as a judge and as a jury must be reconsidered in order to ensure a new balance between the protection of the individual memory and the rights to information for citizens
Using a Google Search Appliance (GSA) to search digital library collections: a case study of the INIS Collection Search
Get PDFLibraries are facing many challenges today. In addition to diminishing funding and increased user expectations, the use of classic library catalogues is becoming an additional challenge. Library users require fast and easy access to information resources regardless whether the format used is paper or electronic. Google search, with its speed and simplicity, set up a new standard for information retrieval which is hard to achieve with the previous generation of library search facilities. Put in a position of David versus Goliath, many small, and even larger libraries, are losing the battle with Google and letting many of its users use Google rather than library catalogues.The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) hosts one of the world’s largest collections of published information on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology. It offers online access to a unique collection of 3.6 million bibliographic records and 320,000 full-texts of non-conventional (grey) literature. This large digital library collection suffered from most of the well-known shortcomings of the classic library catalogue. Searching was complex and complicated, required some training in using Boolean logic, full-text searching was not an option, and the response time was slow. An opportune moment came with the retirement of the previous catalogue software and with the adoption of Google Search Appliance (GSA) as an organization-wide search engine standard. INIS was quick to realize a great potential in using such a well-known application as a replacement for its online catalogue and this paper presents the advantages and disadvantages encountered during three years of GSA use. Based on specific INIS-based practice and experience, this paper also offers some guidelines on ways to improve classic collections of millions of bibliographic and full-text documents, while achieving multiple benefits such as increased use, accessibility, usability, expandability and improving the user search and retrieval experience
