JLIS.it (Italian Journal of Library, Archives, and Information Science / Rivista italiana di biblioteconomia, archivistica e scienza dell'informazione)
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Notarial archives as political objects in the early-modern Alps. The community of Valle Camonica
Full text linkNotarial archives in the early-modern Alpine region were managed according to an extreme variety of styles. This paper presents the case of a community of the central Italian Alps, set at the north-western borders of the Republic of Venice. Focusing on the local response to a law promulgated by the venetian Senate in 1612, notarial archives and their preservation become, in an “institutional perspective”, a political weapon in defending local autonomies against the centripetal force exercised by urban cities.Gli archivi notarili nella regione alpina dell’età Moderna sono stati gestiti secondo un’ampia varietà di stili. Questo articolo presenta il caso di una comunità delle Alpi centrali italiane, collocata ai confini nord-occidentali della Repubblica di Venezia. Incentrandosi sulla reazione locale alla legge promulgata dal Senato veneziano nel 1612, gli archivi notarili e la loro preservazione diventano, in una “prospettiva istituzionale”, un’arma politica in difesa delle autonomie locali contro la forza centripeta esercitata dalle città urbane
Conservation horizons. The three ages of archive and the role of conservation systems
Full text linkCurrently, in Italy digital preservation is regulated by the Digital Administration Code and the Technical Rules on conservation system. By analyzing the existing legislation and the recommendations reported in the three-year plan of the Agency for Digital Italy, the purposes of the current preservation model are investigated, in particular with respect to the traditional model of the three ages of archives. A proposal for the access management is also given, as provided for in the art. 40-ter of CAD. Finally, the advisability of reconsidering the third age of archives in digital preservation is discussed, along with the new role that traditional Archives should play in this context.La conservazione del documento digitale è attualmente regolata in Italia dal Codice dell'Amministrazione Digitale e dalle Regole tecniche in materia di sistema di conservazione. Sulla base dell'analisi della normativa vigente e delle indicazioni contenute nel Piano triennale di AgID, si indaga sul significato del termine alla ricerca degli obiettivi dell'attuale modello conservativo, anche in rapporto alla tradizionale tripartizione dell'archivio nelle fasi di corrente, deposito e storico. Si avanza una proposta operativa per gestire gli accessi così come richiesti dall’art. 40-ter del CAD, con il coinvolgimento dei soggetti conservatori, e infine si riflette sull'opportunità di continuare a tenere presente la terza fase (storica) degli archivi, e sul nuovo ruolo che potranno svolgere in questo contesto i tradizionali istituti di conservazione
No full textThe Paris Principles of 1961, resulting from a meeting between the leading librarians of the day, and the Florentine experience with the Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI), a site subject to international pressures and at the heart of Italian cataloguing policy, are at the basis of the concept of Principi di catalogazione e regole italiane. Maltese was of the view that the Italian code of 1956 should be completely overhauled, leading to a “consistent system of clearly formulated basic principles”. The quotation of A.D. Osborn “Cataloging is an art, and as an art it is technical. Its basic rules are actually rather few and simple, and, in so far as the rules are kept few and simple, it is a delightful art to practice” (The Library Quarterly, 11 (1941) pp. 394−305) is the key to the reading of the work. Osborn (writing in 1941, twenty years before the Paris Principles), was hoping for rules that did not relate simply to particular cases, and that were unburdened by non-essential questions; Maltese’s reference to Osborn relates above all to the general method that he wishes to adopt: the abandonment of a legalistic code that proceeds case by case and is, hence, always “behind” with regard to the concrete manifestation and evolution of various types of publication; both are, instead, in favour of a code consisting of a small number of principles, serving as a guide, given the impossibility of foreseeing, recognizing and providing for every bibliographic eventuality. This philosophy takes maximum advantage of the professionalism and discernment of the cataloguer; the cataloguer, in fact, is called upon to use both competency and good sense − based on principles incorporated in “few and simple” rules − to adopt the solution that is most effective for the concrete context in which the catalogue is placed. The volume issues a powerful call for a return to responsible cataloguing and to the use of precise terminology. In this way, Maltese accords significant recognition to the profession, a testimony that marks a stimulating period in its history which, in the eighties and nineties, was subject to attempts at disruption, with drastic cutbacks in cataloguers and the widespread notion that anyone was capable of cataloguing.The Paris Principles of 1961, resulting from a meeting between the leading librarians of the day, and the Florentine experience with the Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI), a site subject to international pressures and at the heart of Italian cataloguing policy, are at the basis of the concept of Principi di catalogazione e regole italiane. Maltese was of the view that the Italian code of 1956 should be completely overhauled, leading to a “consistent system of clearly formulated basic principles”. The quotation of A.D. Osborn “Cataloging is an art, and as an art it is technical. Its basic rules are actually rather few and simple, and, in so far as the rules are kept few and simple, it is a delightful art to practice” (The Library Quarterly, 11 (1941) pp. 394−305) is the key to the reading of the work. Osborn (writing in 1941, twenty years before the Paris Principles), was hoping for rules that did not relate simply to particular cases, and that were unburdened by non-essential questions; Maltese’s reference to Osborn relates above all to the general method that he wishes to adopt: the abandonment of a legalistic code that proceeds case by case and is, hence, always “behind” with regard to the concrete manifestation and evolution of various types of publication; both are, instead, in favour of a code consisting of a small number of principles, serving as a guide, given the impossibility of foreseeing, recognizing and providing for every bibliographic eventuality. This philosophy takes maximum advantage of the professionalism and discernment of the cataloguer; the cataloguer, in fact, is called upon to use both competency and good sense − based on principles incorporated in “few and simple” rules − to adopt the solution that is most effective for the concrete context in which the catalogue is placed. The volume issues a powerful call for a return to responsible cataloguing and to the use of precise terminology. In this way, Maltese accords significant recognition to the profession, a testimony that marks a stimulating period in its history which, in the eighties and nineties, was subject to attempts at disruption, with drastic cutbacks in cataloguers and the widespread notion that anyone is capable of cataloguing
No full textThe article concerns a new libraries development strategy, which means taking account of the sustainable development concept in which the main emphasis is put on minimizing the negative influence on the natural environment, social and intergeneration justice. This organization activity concept plays more and more essential role nowadays, when there is growing natural environment devastation, social and economic anxiety and social stratification. The libraries have been interested in the idea of sustainable development since the 1990s. In the article, the sustainable library idea was presented as well as some selected examples of sustainable libraries, the appropriate tools for measuring these types of institutions and the prospects of their development. The article concerns a new libraries development strategy, which means taking account of the sustainable development concept in which the main emphasis is put on minimizing the negative influence on the natural environment, social and intergeneration justice. This organization activity concept plays more and more essential role nowadays, when there is growing natural environment devastation, social and economic anxiety and social stratification. The libraries have been interested in the idea of sustainable development since the 1990s. In the article, the sustainable library idea was presented as well as some selected examples of sustainable libraries, the appropriate tools for measuring these types of institutions and the prospects of their development
Storage, enhancement and preservation of doctoral dissertations in the experience “Magazzini digitali”: a contribution to research and access
Full text linkIl presente contributo ripercorre le diverse fasi che hanno caratterizzato, in Italia, il deposito delle tesi di dottorato presso le due Biblioteche Nazionali Centrali, dalla metà degli anni ‘80 ad oggi, al fine di costituire una guida per la ricerca e l’accesso. Il punto di vista è quello della Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze che gestisce fin dal 2006 il servizio nazionale di conservazione e accesso a lungo termine dei documenti digitali denominato “Magazzini Digitali”.This contribution traces the history of the legal deposit of Doctoral thesis in Italy from the National Central Library of Florence’s point of view, in order to constitute a guide for research and access. Since 2006 the National Library of Florence manages the national digital preservation and long-term access service called “Magazzini Digitali” (“Digital Stocks”)
Introduzione
No full textGood morning to everybody, I am very happy to be here and to give the best greetings and wishes of the University of Florence to this important and very interesting Meeting on Resource Description and Access in Europe: a reality and a challenge. You will discuss about themes extremely associated to current events in a context which is always more global and against single nationalisms. You know very well that the information network and environment are rapidly evolving often in unexpected ways. Therefore, the question of writing of an international cataloguing code appears a strong need and at the same time an extraordinary challenge. The theme is not only practical but it assumes a more general relevance: it’s the topic of assuring cultural diversity. Cultural diversity is protected also by the easy understanding bibliographic and authority information. The digital-informatics revolution has created a truly globalised world where differences remain, but they are strongly interconnected. This interconnection needs to reflect about national codes in a global context. If we can imagine the possibility of local adjustments in an international recognised code, we cannot guess that every country goes in its own direction. It would not lead to a valorisation of the cultural diversities but rather to a terrible confinement of cultures in single, not communicating corners. If we translate this argument to Italy, I believe we can conclude as Mauro Guerrini states in his notes to this event: it is more useful and preferable to participate in the drafting international guidelines, namely, RDA, bringing our rich cultural heritage and our Italian cataloguing background and perspective to an international dimension. Often people argue that the international dimension suffers the limit to kill diversities and cultural roots. I don’t think this is a real risk. Internationalisation succeeds in transmitting to other people our diversities and cultural roots and at the same time allows to every culture to dialogue with the others discovering how wonderful is the world. I believe that the invitation to create bridges and breaking walls is the key word of the present and future times. But bridges, if you carefully meditate, are structures that connect two different sides and they need to be made with something which be common to both sides. In your field I guess that RDA and internationally recognised codes are the correct bridges to connect not only two sides but many and many different sides. Leaving national codes is equivalent to lifting walls of not communication and intellectuals cannot think that a world with less communication is better. Thank you so much of your attention and my best wishes for the success of this meeting and of your studies.Good morning to everybody, I am very happy to be here and to give the best greetings and wishes of the University of Florence to this important and very interesting Meeting on Resource Description and Access in Europe: a reality and a challenge. You will discuss about themes extremely associated to current events in a context which is always more global and against single nationalisms. You know very well that the information network and environment are rapidly evolving often in unexpected ways. Therefore, the question of writing of an international cataloguing code appears a strong need and at the same time an extraordinary challenge. The theme is not only practical but it assumes a more general relevance: it’s the topic of assuring cultural diversity. Cultural diversity is protected also by the easy understanding bibliographic and authority information. The digital-informatics revolution has created a truly globalised world where differences remain, but they are strongly interconnected. This interconnection needs to reflect about national codes in a global context. If we can imagine the possibility of local adjustments in an international recognised code, we cannot guess that every country goes in its own direction. It would not lead to a valorisation of the cultural diversities but rather to a terrible confinement of cultures in single, not communicating corners. If we translate this argument to Italy, I believe we can conclude as Mauro Guerrini states in his notes to this event: it is more useful and preferable to participate in the drafting international guidelines, namely, RDA, bringing our rich cultural heritage and our Italian cataloguing background and perspective to an international dimension. Often people argue that the international dimension suffers the limit to kill diversities and cultural roots. I don’t think this is a real risk. Internationalisation succeeds in transmitting to other people our diversities and cultural roots and at the same time allows to every culture to dialogue with the others discovering how wonderful is the world. I believe that the invitation to create bridges and breaking walls is the key word of the present and future times. But bridges, if you carefully meditate, are structures that connect two different sides and they need to be made with something which be common to both sides. In your field I guess that RDA and internationally recognised codes are the correct bridges to connect not only two sides but many and many different sides. Leaving national codes is equivalent to lifting walls of not communication and intellectuals cannot think that a world with less communication is better. Thank you so much of your attention and my best wishes for the success of this meeting and of your studies
No full textThis survey focuses on prices as they were advertised by the Paris printer and bookseller Robert Estienne in nine booksellers’ catalogues published between 1541 and 1552. 1,801 entries in total were entered onto a database; it has been possible to identify 77% of these from references to them in bibliographies, catalogues or other, mainly online, tools (in particular the Universal Short Title Catalogue, USTC). After exclusion of incomplete or doubtful data, 1,087 entries were selected for statistical analysis, in order to attempt to reveal overall trends as well as some of the main factors influencing prices of ‘first-hand’ (i.e., not second-hand), unbound books. These factors include the year of publication, the ‘age’ of editions, bibliographical format and use of any specific founts, such as Hebrew and Greek. Our analysis shows that prices of the majority of the editions mentioned more than once across different catalogues remained stable. In 13% of the cases for which enough data is present, prices varied. The results of this survey help us to understand something about the general price levels of books in Paris in this period, which in turn will help us develop a deeper understanding of the book trade on a wider scale in both time and space.This survey focuses on prices as they were advertised by the Paris printer and bookseller Robert Estienne in nine booksellers’ catalogues published between 1541 and 1552. 1,801 entries in total were entered onto a database; it has been possible to identify 77% of these from references to them in bibliographies, catalogues or other, mainly online, tools (in particular the Universal Short Title Catalogue, USTC). After exclusion of incomplete or doubtful data, 1,087 entries were selected for statistical analysis, in order to attempt to reveal overall trends as well as some of the main factors influencing prices of ‘first-hand’ (i.e., not second-hand), unbound books. These factors include the year of publication, the ‘age’ of editions, bibliographical format and use of any specific founts, such as Hebrew and Greek. Our analysis shows that prices of the majority of the editions mentioned more than once across different catalogues remained stable. In 13% of the cases for which enough data is present, prices varied. The results of this survey help us to understand something about the general price levels of books in Paris in this period, which in turn will help us develop a deeper understanding of the book trade on a wider scale in both time and space
Project management and digital transformation. Performance measuring model of digital projects and archives
Full text linkEvery organization and every innovation, including digital transformation, are based on projects; one third of the world’s economy is based on projects. Digital-based innovations consist of “multidisciplinary” prospects based on juridical, organizational, archival and technological dimensions. Moreover the project has to use management methodologies: project management has become an important discipline in this context. The project and its management methodologies use a systemic approach for the management areas. Similarly digital archive innovations require a multidisciplinary approach: it identifies a transformation from the pure analytical approach towards a complex, multidisciplinary and interdependent systems. The project and digital archive initiatives have to strategically use the approach and project oriented organization, based on a multidisciplinary and systemic approach: the “digital project”. This approach requires to measure results of the used digital strategies and to evaluate the relative projects. The strategic perspectives management consists of balanced indicators for the related disciplines, through using Digital Scorecard (DSC), digital archive performance named Overall digital Archive Effectiveness (OAE) and the Digital Manager based on an equilibrium of competences emerging from the application of games theory. Ogni organizzazione e ogni iniziativa, anche quelle sul digitale, sono basate su progetti; un terzo dell’economia mondiale riviene da iniziative di carattere progettuale. Le innovazioni basate sul digitale si rivelano con caratteristiche “multidisciplinari”, basate cioè sulle dimensioni giuridiche, organizzative, archivistiche, tecnologiche. Il progetto, d’altro canto, necessita di metodiche di gestione: il project management è divenuta una disciplina anche rigorosa in tale contesto. Il progetto e i relativi metodi di gestione richiedono e adottano un approccio sistemico tra le aree di management. Parimenti le iniziative di archivistica digitale richiedono un approccio multidisciplinare: si assiste de facto ad un abbandono della tradizione puramente analitica in favore di sistemi complessi, multidisciplinari e interdipendenti.Ne deriva che le iniziative di progetto e di archivio digitale devono adottare in modo strategico l’approccio e l’organizzazione a progetti su base multidisciplinare e sistemica: il “progetto digitale”. Tale approccio richiede una misurazione dei risultati nelle strategie digitali adottate e una valutazione dei progetti sottesi. La gestione delle diverse prospettive strategiche comprende l’introduzione di indicatori equilibrati tra le discipline correlate, attraverso i concetti di Digital Scorecard (DSC), di “rendimento d’archivio digitale” ovvero Overall Digital Archive Effectiveness (OAE) e di “manager digitale” con un "equilibrio delle competenze" emerso dall’applicazione della teoria dei giochi
No full textThe paper presents the work of the Italian Translation Working Group, describing its different steps and emerging issues. Authors argue that in a few but difficult cases, it was necessary, by hard conceptual work, to define whether the term in a chapter or section was used in its traditional meaning or in a meaning that was partially or completely new, because it was essential not to deprive the original text of its –real or attempted –innovative potential. In translating new terms of RDA, three possible approaches are to use in different cases: following tradition, common use, or relying on the context. The authors believe that all the three approaches are correct, but when the results from the first or the second approach are ineffective or doubtful, only the last one – relying on the context - can support the correct, and hopefully largely agreed, decision
RDA implementation and the emergence of BIBFRAME
Full text linkRDA (Resource Description and Access) has been adopted and is widely used as the standard for descriptive cataloging by libraries and related institutions. Since its implementation, RDA continues to evolve and grow to meet the end user needs. These developments brought into focus some of the shortcomings of MARC 21 as a description tool. Recognizing the need to create a more effective vehicle for bibliographic description, the Library of Congress developed BIBFRAME, a linked data alternative to MARC 21. In my article, I will discuss the evolution of RDA and the challenges of implementing the system, highlight the issues with MARC 21 in its relation to RDA and the role that BIBFRAME can play in the newly emerging information model.RDA (Resource Description and Access) has been adopted and is widely used as the standard for descriptive cataloging by libraries and related institutions. Since its implementation, RDA continues to evolve and grow to meet the end user needs. These developments brought into focus some of the shortcomings of MARC 21 as a description tool. Recognizing the need to create a more effective vehicle for bibliographic description, the Library of Congress developed BIBFRAME, a linked data alternative to MARC 21. In my article, I will discuss the evolution of RDA and the challenges of implementing the system, highlight the issues with MARC 21 in its relation to RDA and the role that BIBFRAME can play in the newly emerging information model