The Open University of Japan Repository / 放送大学機関リポジトリ
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Political power and corporation : evolution of public interest and private interest relationship from middle age Europe to modern Japan
Get PDFわが国において伝統的な公益事業規制の諸制度が大きく変わりつつある。わが国のみならず世界的に見ても、20世紀末の社会主義の崩壊後の各国、とりわけ社会主義市場経済のイデオロギーを標榜する中国において、また昨年秋のリーマンショック後には、free enterpriseの理念を掲げるアメリカにおいても、伝統的な政府と企業の関係に大きな変化が生じつつあるように見える。資本主義における政府と企業の関係モデルも、社会主義における同様のモデルも現実を説明する力を失って、われわれの政府と企業のあるべき関係の理解は混沌としている。
このような政府と企業の関係を、中世ヨーロッパから、近代国家の成立を経て今日に至るまでの歴史的なコンテキストの中で再検討し、それぞれの時代において企業と権力主体の関係を律する規範がどのようなものであったのか、換言すれば、それぞれの時代において公共の利益と私益との関係がどのように位置づけられたのか、を検討することが本論文の最終的な目的である。
本稿はその（1）で、本稿の目的、採用する方法についての検討、議論の出発点である中世ヨーロッパの権力についての基本的な解説、公企業特許の一つの起源と考えられる水車の中世社会における経済的、法的な状況の解説を行うものである。departmental bulletin pape
Effect of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats.
Get PDFCCl(4) (0.5 ml/kg as CCl(4)) was orally administered to rats. Twelve hours after administration of CCl(4), plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, indicators of liver necrosis, were significantly higher than those in the control group showing that active liver necrosis took place. At the same time the level of liver vitamin C was decreased significantly compared to that in the control group. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg each of celecoxib 3 and 8 h after CCl(4) treatment did not change plasma ALT and AST and liver vitamin C levels 12 h after CCl(4) treatment, but 24 h after CCl(4) treatment, significantly decreased plasma ALT and AST levels and elevated liver vitamin C level. These finding suggested that celecoxib effectively ameliorated the necrotic action and the oxidative stress induced by CCl(4) in the second phase. Although the plasma levels of all ceramide species were significantly increased 24 h after CCl(4) intoxication, treatment with celecoxib significantly reduced the total ceramide concentration in plasma. These results indicated that celecoxib significantly ameliorated the toxicity of CCl(4) in the second phase.CCl(4) (0.5 ml/kg as CCl(4)) was orally administered to rats. Twelve hours after administration of CCl(4), plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, indicators of liver necrosis, were significantly higher than those in the control group showing that active liver necrosis took place. At the same time the level of liver vitamin C was decreased significantly compared to that in the control group. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg each of celecoxib 3 and 8 h after CCl(4) treatment did not change plasma ALT and AST and liver vitamin C levels 12 h after CCl(4) treatment, but 24 h after CCl(4) treatment, significantly decreased plasma ALT and AST levels and elevated liver vitamin C level. These finding suggested that celecoxib effectively ameliorated the necrotic action and the oxidative stress induced by CCl(4) in the second phase. Although the plasma levels of all ceramide species were significantly increased 24 h after CCl(4) intoxication, treatment with celecoxib significantly reduced the total ceramide concentration in plasma. These results indicated that celecoxib significantly ameliorated the toxicity of CCl(4) in the second phase.journal articl
Effect of Nobiletin on Lipid Metabolism in Rats
Get PDFNobiletin enhances differentiation and lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in obese (ob) diabetic ob/ob mice. We investigated the effects of nobiletin on lipid metabolism and accumulation of body fat in rats. The control group was fed a 20% high-fat diet and 1% cholesterol, and the nobiletin group was fed same diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) nobiletin. The rats were fed for 4 weeks. Weights of epididymal, perirenal, total white adipose tissues (WAT: mesenteric, perirenal, and epididymal), and the subcutaneous WAT in the nobiletin group were significantly lower than those in the control group. This decrease was brought about by nobiletin without affecting triglyceride (TG) levels in the liver and skeletal muscle. Plasma TG levels tended to be decreased by nobiletin. The size and diameter of WAT adipocytes in the nobiletin group were significantly lower than those in the control group. This decrease may be partly due to lower lipoprotein lipase (a major determinant for the development of obesity) levels in WAT of the nobiletin group than that of the control group. Plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased significantly with administration of nobiletin. These results suggested a beneficial effect of nobiletin on lipid metabolism. However, no significant differences were observed between the nobiletin and the control groups in proteins such as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in the liver, PPARγ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in WAT, and adiponectin and TNF-α in plasma.Nobiletin enhances differentiation and lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in obese (ob) diabetic ob/ob mice. We investigated the effects of nobiletin on lipid metabolism and accumulation of body fat in rats. The control group was fed a 20% high-fat diet and 1% cholesterol, and the nobiletin group was fed same diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) nobiletin. The rats were fed for 4 weeks. Weights of epididymal, perirenal, total white adipose tissues (WAT: mesenteric, perirenal, and epididymal), and the subcutaneous WAT in the nobiletin group were significantly lower than those in the control group. This decrease was brought about by nobiletin without affecting triglyceride (TG) levels in the liver and skeletal muscle. Plasma TG levels tended to be decreased by nobiletin. The size and diameter of WAT adipocytes in the nobiletin group were significantly lower than those in the control group. This decrease may be partly due to lower lipoprotein lipase (a major determinant for the development of obesity) levels in WAT of the nobiletin group than that of the control group. Plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased significantly with administration of nobiletin. These results suggested a beneficial effect of nobiletin on lipid metabolism. However, no significant differences were observed between the nobiletin and the control groups in proteins such as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in the liver, PPARγ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in WAT, and adiponectin and TNF-α in plasma.journal articl
Relationships between Sense of Coherence (SOC) and health practices for persons of middle and advanced age
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The Features of Finnish Library as A Significant Bearing on “Information Education as Lifelong Learning” in Finland
Get PDF日本では生涯学習へのニーズが高まりつつあるが，過半数がこの１年間何らかの生涯学習をしておらず，半数以上が仕事や家事が忙しくて参加できないなど，生涯学習の更なる普及のための課題は残されたままである。本論文では，生涯学習のひとつとして情報教育を行う「生涯学習としての情報教育」という考え方を提案する。日本における制度や実情，研究・実践事例について概観したところ，ガイドラインや情報共有が不足していることが分かった。本論文では，成人教育分野でヨーロッパの成功事例として知られるフィンランドに着目した。フィンランドの成人教育制度や，成人教育・メディア教育の歴史を概観し，積極的な情報教育を行う図書館の事例について述べる。日本とフィンランドとの比較を行った結果，日本とは行政による財政的・構造的サポートの違い，雇用可能性に対する意識の違いがあることが分かった。フィンランドの事例から日本で適応可能な事例として，⑴携帯電話やラジオを活用した複数メディアでの情報教育，⑵雇用可能性を意識した情報教育，⑶図書館を活用した情報教育，の３点を提案した。Nowadays, national interest in lifelong learning is heightened, but more than a half of adults do not take part in any lifelong learning the past year on the grounds that one is too busy. Providing equal access for all people to lifelong learning, remains a challenge in Japan. This artcle proposes an idea “information education as lifelong learning”．According to a survey on policy, actual condition, and previous research of “information education as lifelong learning” in Japan, it found that Japan has less guidelines and practical case studies than Finland. In this article, Finnish educational model, resulted success in PISA, which has similar social backgrounds to Japan is argued, in particular, history of media education in Finland, policies on media education, and concrete examples in libraries. Based on the argument, this artcle proposes three ideas that are feasible in Japan, such as ⑴ multimedia-based information education using mobile phone and radio, ⑵ employability-aware information education, and ⑶ information education utilizing library.departmental bulletin pape
Survey of the current situation of the improvement in teaching practices by faculty members
Get PDF本研究では大学教員を対象に，どのような授業改善に取り組んでいるのか，またどういう改善を行いたいのか調査を行った。具体的には実際に行っている授業改善については自由記述で収集を行い，FD担当者２名の教員で合議を元に11のカテゴリーに分類を行った。今後取り組みたい授業改善については複数回答による選択項目で収集を行った。最後にそれぞれの結果に対して教員経験と文理別で比較を行った。その結果，経験が浅い教員は説明技法の改善に注力し，中堅の教員は協調教育を取り入れて授業改善を行う傾向が見られた。文理別では，文系は学習の動機付けやパワーポイントを使ったプレゼン力を改善したいという希望があることが示唆された。A survey was conducted on university faculty members aiming to illustrate their attitudes toward Faculty Development and intentions to improve their teaching practices in class. The respondents reported their efforts in open responses. The open responses of their efforts for improving their teaching practices were classified into 11 categories by two professionals specialized in Faculty Development. The respondents also answered multiple response questions on future efforts for their teaching practices in class. Results have shown that inexperienced professors tend to desire to improve the explanation skill and intermediately professors tend to introduce collaborative education in their classes. Professors of humanities disciplines seemed to desire to improve students’ motivation and their skills in presentation using Power Point.departmental bulletin pape
Selection of Means for Learning that Matches to the Characteristics of Learner and the Context of Use : From the Viewpoint of Artifact Development Analysis
Get PDF任意の目標達成を支援するために開発されてきた人工物に関し、その目標適合性や利用者の価値観などによって選択と非選択が行われるプロセスを分析する人工物発達学を学習場面に適用した。人工物発達学やその元になったユーザ工学では、研究の流れを、仮説の探索、仮説の生成、仮説の検証という3段階に分けて考えており、本報告は、第一段階の仮説の探索に関する結果である。そのためにサンプル数200のウェブ調査を実施し、仮説生成を行うフィールド調査のためのリサーチクェスチョンを整理することを目標とした。調査においては、学習手段として19種類の人工物を取り上げ、選択や非選択との理由として10の事由を取り上げ、どの手段がどの理由によって選択（非選択）されるかについての調査を行った。その結果として一連のリサーチクェスチョンを生成した。それにもとづいて、次に仮説生成のためのフィールド調査を実施する。departmental bulletin pape
Computer Ethics Education
Get PDF日本の高等教育，特に大学教育における情報倫理教育について，その教材開発の実践を基に，現状，問題点，今後進むべき方向を検証した。国立大学情報処理教育センター協議会（現，国立大学情報教育センター協議会）とメディア教育開発センター（2009年廃止）の共同事業として情報倫理教材の作成が提案され，本研究チームでは平成14年度以降３つの素材型ビデオ小品集を作成した。さらに，情報倫理をテーマにした１コママンガを用いた教育を行った。本論文では，こうした教育実践におけるメディア教材の効果と課題を分析した。また，これからの情報倫理教育の目指すものを明らかにし，かつ革新的な教材や教授法の開発を科学的に進めていくためには，情報倫理意識が，日常的な道徳的規範意識とインターネットに対する知識・経験によってどのように影響されるのかを検討する必要がある。このため，情報倫理意識尺度を構成し教育場面で評価するとともに，本尺度を用いた国際比較研究の可能性について検討した。Based on our practices of learning materials development, we examined the current situations and issues of the computer ethics education in Japanese higher education, especially at universities and colleges, and discussed the future frameworks. As a collaboration between the Association of Information Technology Centers in Japanese National Universities and National Institute of Multimedia Education（NIME, abolished in 2009）, a project on the development of learning materials for computer ethics education was proposed, and three series of Learning Object-oriented video materials were released after FY2002. In addition, the cartoons which focused on computer ethics were produced and used at the classrooms. In this paper, we analyzed the educational effects in the actual practices and showed the remained issues of the media materials. In order to clarify the new goals of the future computer ethics education and to disseminate the innovative materials and pedagogy based on the scientific researches, it is indispensable to examine how the awareness of computer ethics is influenced by the moral awareness in every-day life and the knowledge and experiences on the Internet. We developed a scale to measure the awareness of computer ethics and evaluated it in some educational contexts. For the next step, we are examining the possibilities of international comparative studies using the awareness scale.departmental bulletin pape
Effect of Learning Style on Attitudes towards English e-Learning
Get PDF多くの大学がeラーニングを英語の授業に導入しはじめており，新しい学習形態としてのeラーニングに注目が集まっている。本研究では学習スタイルに注目し，学習者の学習スタイルがeラーニングに対する態度にどのような影響を与えているのかを検証するため，私立大学１年生の英語の授業において質問紙調査を実施した。学習スタイルの６つの下位尺度を独立変数として従属変数「eラーニングに対する肯定的態度」に対して重回帰分析を行った結果，「論理」，「聴覚型」，および「グループ」から「eラーニングに対する肯定的態度」はそれぞれ有意な正の標準偏回帰係数を示した。ゆえに，(1)論理的に物事を考える傾向がある学生はeラーニングに対して肯定的な態度を持つ傾向がある，(2)グループ活動を好む学生はeラーニングに対して肯定的な態度を持つ傾向がある，および(3)音声で学習することを好む学生はeラーニングに対して肯定的な態度を持つ傾向があるという可能性が示された。In Japan, many universities have recently started to introduce e-Learning in English lessons. The purpose of this study is to identify a combination of studentsʼ attitudes towards English e-Learning and learning style. The participants in this study were 88 first year students majoring in economics at a private university in Japan. The results of regression model suggests (a) logical students tend to have positive attitudes towards English e-Learning, (b) students who like group activities are likely to have positive attitudes towards English e-Learning, and (c) students who have auditory learning style preference are likely to have positive attitudes towards English e-Learning.departmental bulletin pape