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Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias del género staphylococcus en muestras de ganado bovino y de humanos implicados en la manipulación de la carne de la Isla Santa Cruz-Galápagos
No full textGalápagos has a great biodiversity, so the archipelago has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Of all the Islands, Santa Cruz is one of the most important in terms of activities related to agricultural production, tourism and commerce. The genus Staphylococcus is widely distributed throughout the world, being one of the main groups of microorganisms with importance in public health. From 2009 to 2015, there has been a high incidence of diseases associated with Staphylococcus contamination, intake of contaminated food and lack of drinking water. Therefore, the problem is that, in the Galápagos archipelago, the slaughtering company does not yet have microbiological studies that examine the microbial load of the meat as a whole, this implies that there is misinformation about the presence of the genus Staphylococcus in the slaughter process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and isolate bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus in samples of cattle and humans involved in the handling of meat, from the island Santa Cruz-Galapagos Ecuador. In this work, 102 samples of goat meat and 52 nasal swabs obtained from workers of the Public Slaughter Company of Santa Cruz Island were analyzed. The isolates were identified by traditional biochemical tests. Endpoint PCR was performed to amplify the presence of the 16s RNA gene. In addition, the 16s RNA gene was sequenced by the SANGER technique for confirmed isolates such as Staphylococcus spp. The isolated species were: S. aureus, S. caprae, in human samples. S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus, S. chromogenes, S. xylosus in cows samples and S. epidermidis in both humans and cows. In conclusion, in the slaughter process of Santa Cruz Island, evidenced a great diversity of species of the genus Staphylococcus spp. not only S. aureus was found opportunistic pathogen, but also environmental species and skin colonizing species.Galápagos cuenta con una gran biodiversidad, por ello el archipiélago ha sido declarado Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad por parte de la UNESCO..
El Zambiceño: creación de tres composiciones basadas en el análisis compositivo de: “Los Pumisachos”, “Los secretos del Tolalá” y “Elegía a la Serranía”, del compositor Mesías Carrera
No full textThis project addresses the composition of three works based on the analysis of melodic and harmonic elements found in three Mesias Carreras works: Los Secretos del Tolalá, Elegía de la Serranía y Los Pumisachos The case of Mesías Carrera draws attention because he composed more than 800 works among several music styles and genres like: misas, danzantes, san juanitos, yumbos, cumbias, albazos, aires típicos, pasillos, and others. One of the objectives raises the need to expose some stylistic elements of Danzante and San Juanito so that, a comparative analysis could be made in order to verify the style and differences between Carrera's works and Danzante 1, Danzante 2 and San Juanito. Important information about Mesias Carrera's life was obtained through documentary method by interviewing Jaime Diaz and Luciano Carrera. Likewise, some research was done on books written by Mesias Carrera on which he provides more information about his personal and artistic life, as well as his investigations on Zambizas history and culture. The works analysis focuses on: form, phraseology, directionality, intervalic, harmonic (scale degrees and the relation between chord/scale and chord/tonality). The elements found on Los secretos del Tolalá and Elegía de la Serranía were applied on Danzante 1 y Danzante 2, while the elements found on Los Pumisachos were applied on San Juanito.Este proyecto aborda la composión de tres obras basadas en el análisis de elementos melódicos y armónicos encontrados en tres obras de Mesías Carrera: Los Secretos del Tolalá, Elegía de la Serranía y Los Pumisachos. El caso de Mesías Carrera llama mucho la atención debido a que compuso más de 800 obras de diversos estilos y géneros como: misas, danzantes, san juanitos, yumbos, cumbias, albazos, aires típicos, pasillos, entre otros. Uno de los objetivos plantea la necesidad de exponer algunos elementos estililísticos del Danzante y San Juanito que permita elaborar un análisis que corrobore con el estilo y las diferencias que se encontrarán entre las composiciones Danzante 1, Danzante 2 y San Juanito y las composiciones de Mesías Carrera. Mediante el método de investigación documental se obtuvo información relevante a la vida de Mesías Carrera al entrevistar a Jaime Díaz y Luciano Carrera. De igual manera se acudió a libros escritos por Mesías Carrera en los que brinda más información relacionada a su vida personal, vida artística, investigaciones referentes a la historia de Zámbiza y su cultura. El análisis de las obras se enfoca en: forma, fraseología, direccionalidad, interválica, armónía (grados de la escala, relación acorde /escala y acorde/tonalidad). Los elementos hallados en Los secretos del Tolalá, Elegía de la Serranía fueron aplicados en Danzante 1 y Danzante 2, mientras que los elementos hallados en Los Pumisachos se aplicaron en San Juanito
Análisis de seguridad en dispositivos Wearables
No full textWearable technology has become a subject of research and analysis. However, the importance of the information carried across these devices incentivizes malicious individuals to look for ways to attack them and intercept such information for various illicit purposes that make information security a major concern for users and manufacturers. The purpose of this degree work seeks to analyze through different parameters based on two different models found after a thorough research based on scientific articles obtained from scientific databases and reliable sources of the web, where the authors demonstrate their importance and effectiveness in the analysis of computer security. The first model selected was the DREAD model, which analyzes the damage, reproducibility, exploitability, affectability, and Discovery Capability of each attack examined. The second model chosen is the STRIDE model, this allows to classify attacks within the main categories of threats such as Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Disclosure of Information, Denial of Service and Elevation of Privilege.
The analysis performed shows through tables and charts the Phishing attack as the one that represents a higher level of risk for wearable devices. On the other hand, the threat of information disclosure ends up being to which these devices are most susceptible because it houses the most attacks analyzed. Finally, this degree work seeks to demonstrate users what they are exposed to when using wearable devices, so they can decide in a more responsible way when purchasing them. In addition, it provides some safety recommendations so that these terminals that are used by millions of people daily can be safer.La tecnología vestible se ha convertido en un tema de investigación y análisis. Sin embargo, la importancia de la información que se transporta a través de estos dispositivos incentiva a individuos malintencionados a buscar maneras de atacarlos e interceptar dicha información con diferentes fines ilícitos que convierten a la seguridad de la información en una gran preocupación para los usuarios y fabricantes. El propósito de este trabajo de titulación busca analizar a través de distintos parámetros basados en dos diferentes modelos encontrados tras una minuciosa investigación fundada en artículos científicos obtenidos de bases de datos científicas y fuentes confiables de la web, donde los autores demuestran su importancia y efectividad en el análisis de la seguridad informática. El primer modelo seleccionado fue el modelo DREAD, este analiza el Daño, Reproducibilidad, Explotabilidad, Afectación y Capacidad de Descubrimiento de cada ataque examinado. El segundo modelo elegido es el modelo STRIDE, este permite clasificar los ataques dentro de las principales categorías de amenazas como Suplantación de Identidad, Manipulación, Repudio, Divulgación de Información, Denegación de Servicio y Elevación de Privilegio. El análisis realizado muestra a través de tablas y gráficos al ataque de Suplantación de Identidad como el que representa un mayor nivel de riesgo para los dispositivos vestibles. Por otro lado, la amenaza de divulgación de información termina siendo a la cual son más susceptibles estos dispositivos debido a que alberga la mayor cantidad de ataques analizados. Finalmente, este trabajo de titulación busca demostrar a los usuarios a lo que están expuestos al utilizar dispositivos vestibles y estos puedan decidir de una manera más responsable al momento de adquirirlos. Además, brinda algunas recomendaciones de seguridad para que estos terminales que son utilizados por millones de personas diariamente puedan ser más seguros
Plan de negocios para la elaboración y exportación de proteína de aguacate en polvo para Baviera-Alemania
No full textEco Terra is a company that will focus on the production and export of avocado protein in Bavaria, Germany, especially in Munich. The purpose of this business plan is to analyze and demonstrate the viability of exports in the German market with a quality non-traditional product with high added value, taking as an opportunity the constant growth of the food and beverage industry. The European Union currently shows great acceptance for healthy products, which comply with all phytosanitary regulations, therefore identifying a great potential for the German market is identified, as well as the plan is backed by research which determines the market objective, is made up of people residing in the state of Munich, the economically active population 18 and 41 years old, who have a preference for consumption of natural supplements, maintain a healthy lifestyle and care for the environment, buy the product . The marketing strategy to use is differentiation, through the marketing MIX, it analyzes the strategies for the launch determined the optimal price, the product, the place and the opportune promotions for the target market. In addition, define the organizational structure of the company, specifying the alignment of the collaborators with the control of each of the areas and opting for the outsourcing of other services. Finally, the project requires the initial investment of 39.492,63, será cubierto el 50 por ciento por medio de deuda y el restante de capital propio, tiene una tasa de retorno del 64,34 por ciento, y el periodo de recuperación es de 4,07 años
Usabilidad de una plataforma de telerrehabilitación para artroplastia de cadera
No full textOBJECTIVE: To analyze the usability of the ePHoRt Telerehabilitation platform for hip arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study included 19 participants, among students, teachers and professionals of Physiotherapy from the city of Quito. They evaluated the usability and mental load of a Telerehabilitation platform for hip arthroplasty, performing four tasks on the ePHoRt platform. The tasks were evaluated by: 1) A Demographic Questionnaire: it shows the user's profile and their knowledge of health technologies; 2) The Nasa TLX Usability Questionnaire: assesses the user's workload in six dimensions: mental, physical, time, performance, effort and frustration; 3) The Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ): assesses reliability, using the Likert scale, which helps us to know user satisfaction when using it; and 4) The Microsft Reaction Letter Model, allows us to subjectively know the user's emotional response. RESULT: According to the Demographic Questionnaire, it showed that 86.70 percent know a Telerehabilitation system. However, no participant has used one. It was evidenced that the cognitive load had a higher demand in temporal and mental demands and frustration. Having values greater than 50 out of a maximum of 100 in the NASA TLX Questionnaire. The TUQ Questionnaire shows that the ePHoRt platform is usable by Physiotherapists. Qualifying as agree and totally agree on the Likert scale. Finally, the Reaction Letter Model Microsoft qualified the system as innovative, organized and comprehensible according to the feelings and emotions of the user. CONCLUSIONS: A high cognitive load was demonstrated with respect to the metal and time demands and frustration of the participants. Despite the demanded cognitive load, it had a positive reception and an acceptable emotional response.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Este estudio incluyó 19 participantes, entre estudiantes, docentes y profesionales de Fisioterapia de la ciudad de Quito. Los cuales evaluaron la usabilidad y carga mental, de una plataforma de Telerehabilitación para artroplastia de cadera, realizando cuatro tareas en la plataforma ePHoRt. Las tareas fueron evaluadas por: 1) Un Cuestionario Demográfico: muestra el perfil del usuario y su conocimiento ante tecnologías de la salud; 2) El Cuestionario de Usabilidad Nasa TLX: valora la carga de trabajo del usuario en seis dimensiones: exigencia mental, física, temporal, rendimiento, esfuerzo y frustración; 3) El Cuestionario de Usabilidad de Telesalud (TUQ): evalúa la confiabilidad, mediante la escala de Likert, que nos ayuda a conocer la satisfacción del usuario ante el uso de esta; y 4) El Modelo de Cartas de Reacción Microsoft, nos permite saber de manera subjetiva la respuesta emocional del usuario. RESULTADO: Según el Cuestionario Demográfico arrojó que un 86.70 por ciento conoce un sistema de Telerehabilitación. No obstante, ningún participante a usado uno. Se evidenció que, la carga cognitiva tuvo mayor demanda en exigencia temporal, mental y frustración. Teniendo valores mayores a 50 sobre un máximo de 100 en el Cuestionario NASA TLX. El Cuestionario TUQ muestra que la plataforma ePHoRt es usable por Fisioterapeutas. Calificando como de acuerdo y totalmente de acuerdo en la escala de Likert. Finalmente, el Modelo de Cartas de Reacción Microsoft calificó al sistema como innovador, organizado y compresible según los sentimiento y emociones del usuario. CONCLUSIONES: Se demostró una alta carga cognitiva con respecto a la exigencia metal, temporal y frustración de los participantes. A pesar de la carga cognitiva demandada, tuvo una acogida positiva y una respuesta emocional aceptable
Comparación de metodologías para la medición de humedad en el grano de arroz sin cáscara de la variedad INIAP 12
No full textRice (Oriza sativa) is considered the second most consumed cereal worldwide after wheat. Thus, it remains one of the products of the basic basket of Ecuadorians, so ensuring its quality and safety is of the utmost importance. Through the development of new varieties it has been possible to improve both the production yield and the resistance to pests and grain quality. The INIAP 12 rice variety comes from crossing 17719/5738 // IR21015-72-3-3-3-1. Moisture plays an important role especially during the storage of the grain, since if humidity is not controlled there may be proliferation of microorganisms, and as a consequence a loss of the quality of the grain. In the present study, the following objectives are outlined: 1.- Evaluate the homogeneity of different matrices of rice husks with different moisture values (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 percent) and 2.- Establish the comparison of seven moisture determination methods. The homogeneity evaluation was carried out in three steps: Verification of humidity, drying and conditioning. Conditioning was performed using the equation (Gough, 1986), and analyzed using a statistical (DBCA). The humidity was determined by the following methods a) 4 stove methods, where 2 methods were with whole grain and two methods with ground grain, the INEN 1235 method being the reference method, b) Agratronix (Capacitance), c) Infrared, d) and the INIAP method with the Steinlite team. The methodologies were compared using an (ANOVA) in the InfoStat program with a 5 percent Tukey test. For homogeneity results, the calculated F value does not exceed the critical F value, with 2,74912E-12 and 2,131. Therefore, it is verified that the samples with a humidity range of 10-16 percent were homogeneous. For the results of comparison of methodologies, significant differences were found, the most precise method being that of an ISTA whole grain stove, and the less precise the Agratronix. Finally, a correction factor was established, where all the results were reliable with values close to 1.El arroz “Oriza sativa”, es considerado como el segundo cereal más consumido a nivel mundial después del trigo..
Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa comercializadora de equipos y productos gráficos publicitarios en la ciudad de Ambato con distribución y venta a nivel del Ecuador
No full textThe present study shows the implementation is viability of a commercialization company of equipment and advertising products in Ambato city, the activity will be focused on the purchase of equipment and products from importers, who manage inventory and warehouse, commercialize them through the established points of sale; In the case of equipment, the process continues with the guarantee and technical service. The study of the competition shows that there are approximately 28 competitors at national level, distributed throughout the country and are concentrated in the main commercial provinces; in Ambato city there is moderate competition. The market analysis shows a high potential of customers at a national level, in the case of the central area the market has a projection of 1091 clients, which are distributed in the province of Tungurahua with 424, Chimborazo 323, Cotopaxi 173, Bolívar 51, Pastaza 47, Morona Santiago 45 and Napo 28. The sales forecast was calculated by means of the income obtained by the marketing companies of equipment and advertising products until 2018, plus macroeconomic and provisional data, the sales projection is developed considering also the fall in GDP as a result of the pandemic caused by the Covid- 19., estimating to obtain a market share of 0.4 percent in its first 2 years and an increase of 0.1 percent per year for the next years of the projection. Finally, the financial study was carried out based on two scenarios, the Moderate and the Pessimistic, obtaining in both cases viable results, the moderate scenario had higher benefits where a NPV of 8186,19 USD was obtained, an IRR of 31,23 percent with a rate of return greater than the calculated cost of capital (maximum WACC 28,03 percent) and obtaining a PRI of 4,61 years for the recovery of the investment, so the investment decision criteria affirm the possibility of its implementation.El presente estudio muestra la vialidad para la implementación de una empresa comercializadora de equipos y productos publicitarios en la ciudad de Ambato, la actividad estará enfocada en la adquisición de equipos y productos a importadores, los cuales manejan un inventario y bodega, comercializarlos por medio de los puntos de venta establecidos; para el caso de equipos el proceso continuará con la garantía y el servicio técnico. El estudio de la competencia mostró que existe aproximadamente 28 competidores a nivel nacional, repartidos en todo el país, se encuentran concentrados en las principales provincias comerciales; en la ciudad de Ambato existe una competencia moderada. El análisis de mercado muestra un alto potencial de clientes a nivel nacional, para el caso de la zona centro el mercado tiene una proyección de 1091 clientes, los cuales se encuentran repartidos en la provincia de Tungurahua con 424, Chimborazo 323, Cotopaxi 173, Bolívar 51, Pastaza 47, Morona Santiago 45 y Napo 28. El pronóstico de ventas fue calculado por medio de los ingresos que obtuvieron las empresas comercializadoras de equipos y productos publicitarios hasta el año 2018, más datos macroeconómicos y provisionales se desarrolla la proyección de ventas considerando también la caída del PIB producto de la pandemia ocasionada por el Covid-19, estimando obtener una participación del mercado del 0.4 por ciento en sus primeros 2 años y un incremento del 0.1 por ciento por año para los próximos años de la proyección. Finalmente, el estudio financiero se desarrolló en base a dos escenarios, el Moderado y el Pesimista, obteniendo en los dos casos resultados viables, el escenario moderado tuvo mayores beneficios donde se obtuvo un VAN de 8186,19 USD, un TIR de 31,23 por ciento con una tasa de rentabilidad mayor al costo de capital calculado (WACC máximo 28,03 por ciento) y obteniendo un PRI de 4,61 años para la recuperación de la inversión, por lo que los criterios de decisión sobre la inversión confirman la posibilidad de su implementación
Propuesta estratégica para la promoción turística por medios digitales del cantón Alausí provincia de Chimborazo
No full textThe objective of this degree work is to establish a strategic proposal for tourism promotion through digital media of the Alausí canton, province of Chimborazo, which serves as a tool to expand the scope of digital promotion of natural and cultural strategies in different markets goal, objective and opportunity, in turn three objectives were raised to define the situational characterization and the elaboration of the strategies. Tourism promotion through digital media is of great importance, UNWTO has prioritized innovation and digital transformation. This is because this promotion influences the client's decision when selecting the destination. In chapter 2, the characterization of the destination is specified in terms of its location, productive economy, culture, tourism infrastructure, basic services, mobility and local actors, in the same way the tourism system, its supply, demand and super structure were analyzed. This characterization will be analyzed in Chapter 3, in which the factors and variables that will give way to the strategic proposal were determined. In Chapter 4, the strategic proposal for tourism promotion through digital media was structured. When carrying out four objectives, four strategies, actions and responsible parties, which have indicators for measuring and evaluating the fulfillment of the objectives set, with a final budget of US 105 675.88. En conclusión, considerando que el 95% de turistas buscan información en línea y que la promoción en medios digitales influye en su decisión se considera necesaria la aplicación de la propuesta. Adicionalmente el 98% de los encuestados consideran que la propuesta en medios digitales mejorará el desarrollo turístico del cantón por lo que es aconsejable vincular al tren con otros atractivos cercanos, con la finalidad de aumentar el uso de servicios hoteleros y turísticos
Mercado y centro gastronómico barrio La Carolina
No full textThe thesis topic Mercado y Centro Gastronómico Barrio La Carolina corresponds to the development of small scale facilities proposed by the Urban Master Plan 2019.2. Consequently, after the analysis made by the POU (Territorial Arrangement Plan, in spanish), a new type of neighborhood market that addresses and corrects the problems of the traditional market is introduced, coming up with urban and architectural strategies that improve the behavior of this commercial facility. Based on an analysis of the evolution of markets throughout history, it became possible to study design concepts and theories that are related to the general objectives of the thesis topic. Subsequently, the positive and negative aspects of commercial installation typologies of present day were evaluated and weighted, which allowed to extract a series of indicators applicable to the Market and Gastronomic Center, from which the concept of Movement was derived. This resulted in the final development of an architectural proposal that responds to the established concept.El tema de trabajo de titulación Mercado y Centro Gastronómico Barrio La Carolina corresponde al desarrollo de equipamientos de escala barrial propuestos por el Master Plan Urbano 2019.2..
Evaluación de la percepción del bienestar animal en consumidores de carne de cerdo, mediante encuestas en locales de venta de hornado y fritada en Sangolquí
No full textAnimal welfare is an issue that is becoming increasingly relevant within society and is defined as a condition in which animals are healthy, satisfying their basic needs and minimizing negative feelings. Taking into account the importance of animal welfare in developed countries, and that in Ecuador there have been few studies on consumer perception, 400 surveys were conducted in 8 locals of hornado and fritada in Sangolquí, with the aim of know if their perception about this topic is positive, neutral or negative. This survey, which was validated by the animal welfare expert Giuliana Miguel, consists of four blocks of questions, in which a score was assigned, and the statistical analysis was performed using Chi square. In the results, it was obtained that the most consumed meat by the respondents is chicken, while pork is rarely consumed, with the male gender being the one who ingests it most. The freshness and the origin are the parameters that the respondents value most when buying the meat. In terms of perception, 74.5 per cent of respondents have a positive perception of animal welfare, 21 per cent have a neutral perception, and 4.5 per cent have a negative perception. In the Chi-square results, the variables of gender, age, level of studies and place of survey did not show a significant difference with the positive, neutral and negative perception of the respondents. Also, there is a high percentage of respondents who show interest in acquiring products that exhibit an animal welfare seal and are willing to pay more for them. In conclusion, it can be evidenced that the highest percentage of respondents positively perceive animal welfare, there is a concern on this issue when acquiring pork, mainly by the female gender, the age range of 48 to 62 years, "without studies" and "primary" schooling and the survey site "Mercado Cerrado El Turismo".El bienestar animal es un tema que cada vez toma más relevancia dentro de la sociedad, y se define como una condición en la que los animales se encuentran saludables, satisfaciendo sus necesidades básicas y minimizando sensaciones negativas. Tomando en cuenta la importancia que tiene el bienestar animal en países desarrollados, y que en Ecuador se han realizado pocos estudios sobre la percepción de los consumidores, se llevó a cabo 400 encuestas en 8 locales de hornado y fritada de Sangolquí, con el objetivo de conocer si su percepción acerca de este tema es positiva, neutra o negativa. Dicha encuesta, que fue validada por la experta en bienestar animal Giuliana Miguel, consta de cuatro bloques de preguntas, en la que se asignó una puntuación, y se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante Chi cuadrado. En los resultados se obtuvo que la carne más consumida por parte de los encuestados es la de pollo, mientras que la carne de cerdo es poco frecuente consumida, siendo el género masculino el que más la ingiere. La frescura y la procedencia son los parámetros que más valoran los encuestados al momento de comprar carne. En cuanto a la percepción, el 74,5 por ciento de encuestados tiene una percepción positiva sobre el bienestar animal, el 21 por ciento una percepción neutra, y el 4,5 por ciento una percepción negativa. En los resultados del Chi cuadrado, las variables de género, edad, nivel de estudios y lugar de encuesta no presentaron una diferencia significativa con la percepción positiva, neutra y negativa de los encuestados. Además, existe un alto porcentaje de encuestados que muestran interés en adquirir productos que exhiban un sello de bienestar animal, y que están dispuestos a pagar más por ellos. En conclusión, se puede evidenciar que el mayor porcentaje de encuestados perciben de forma positiva al bienestar animal, existiendo una preocupación sobre este tema al momento de adquirir la carne de cerdo, principalmente por el género femenino, el rango de edad de 48 a 62 años, la escolaridad “sin estudios” y “primaria” y el lugar de encuesta “Mercado Cerrado El Turismo”