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Evaluación del paisaje sonoro en las inmediaciones de un helipuerto en el parque urbano bicentenario en base a recursos audiovisuales en 360 grados
No full textIn the present work, the objective is to evaluate the perception of the soundscape in the environment of the National Police heliport located in the Bicentenario Park, using virtual reality techniques. For this purpose, audio and video recordings were made in 360 degrees, and sound pressure level measurements were taken at three representative points near the heliport area. Each point was recorded at three different distances in which two recordings were made, one with the presence of a predominant noise source and one with the absence of predominant noise. A survey was designed to obtain information on the soundscape by means of an experimental group. The participants qualified aspects such as: noise source, sound descriptors, visual environment, acoustic environment and the frequency with which the park would be visited. The results of the surveys were analyzed through statistical analyses looking for differences between variables in the different environments studied using non-parametric tests such as: Wilcoxon analysis and Levene analysis. Psycho-acoustics parameters and variables of the different environments were also analyzed using Pearson correlation. Through this analysis it was possible to determine that the environments with the presence of a predominant noise source affect the visitors to the park, in particular the environment that is closer to the noise source.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la percepción del paisaje sonoro, en las inmediaciones del helipuerto de la Policía Nacional ubicado en el Parque Bicentenario, mediante técnicas de realidad virtual. Para ello se realizaron grabaciones de audio y video en 360 grados, además se realizó mediciones de nivel de presión sonora en tres puntos representativos cerca de la zona del helipuerto, ubicado a tres distancias diferentes. En cada punto se realizaron dos grabaciones, donde una contaba con presencia de fuente de ruido predominante y una con ausencia de ruido predominante. Se diseñó una encuesta para obtener información del paisaje sonoro mediante un grupo experimental. Los participantes calificaron aspectos como: fuente de ruido, descriptores sonoros, entorno visual, ambiente acústico y la frecuencia con la que se visitaría el parque. Los resultados de las encuestas se analizaron mediante análisis estadísticos, buscando las diferencias entre las variables de los diferentes escenarios estudiados, usando pruebas no paramétricas como: análisis de Wilcoxon y análisis de Levene. También se realizaron análisis de los parámetros psicoacústicos y de las variables de los diferentes escenarios mediante correlación de Pearson. Por medio de este análisis se pudo determinar que los escenarios que contaban con la presencia de fuente de ruido predominante afectan a los visitantes del parque, en particular el escenario que se encuentra a una distancia más cercana a la fuente de ruido
Elaboración de un libro fotográfico que dé a conocer la historia e identidad del Diabluma en el pueblo Kayambi
No full textThis project seeks to rescue the identity and culture of the principal character of the festivities of the Kayambi town. This will be done by the use of photographs that will explain the history of the Diabluma, in particular, his traditions and believes which have being marking the cosmovision of the Canton for many years.
Whether it was for the lost of interest of the new generations or for the lack of information, such tradition has been forgotten throughout the years leaving aside the town’s culture richness.
It is essential to recover the history that exist through the character; such as the rituals in preparation for the festivities, the significance of his customs, and the flirting of each of his dances.El presente proyecto de titulación busca rescatar la identidad y cultura del personaje principal de las fiestas del pueblo Kayambi, a través de fotografías que expliquen la historia del Diabluma, su atuendo tradicional y creencias, que han ido marcando la cosmovisión del cantón por varios años.
Dicha tradición se ha ido perdiendo a través del tiempo, dejando de lado la riqueza cultural de un pueblo, ya sea por el poco interés de las nuevas generaciones o por la falta de información que existe del personaje.
Es necesario recuperar la historia que existe atrás del personaje desde cómo son sus rituales para la preparación de las fiestas, hasta el significado de su vestimenta y su picardía en cada uno de sus bailes.
El material visual que consiste en un libro fotográfico, tiene como finalidad crear un impacto de interés cultural y tradicional, por la población del pueblo cayambeño, cumpliendo con los objetivos de interpretar de manera narrativa la historia del personaje, a través de fotografías
Optimización de las condiciones de cultivo de bacillus licheniformis atcc 14580 para la obtención de a- amilasas mediante la aplicación de diseños experimentales
No full textThe a-amylases are enzymes of the hydrolase type used for different industrial processes such as the elaboration of detergents, obtaining syrups, since it allows the decomposition of macromolecules such as starch into simple molecules of maltose and glucose. Different microorganisms produce α-amylases; however, Bacillus licheniformis stands out because this gram-positive bacterium produces thermostable α-amylases which is an essential characteristic for some industrial processes, that is why 60% of the production of this enzyme comes from this bacterium. The concentration of α-amylases is affected by physicochemical variables present in the culture medium, which stimulate or inhibit metabolic pathways of B. licheniformis, affecting the production of this enzyme. Different processes have been carried out to optimize these variables, however, much of this information is restricted by copyright. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to gather information about the culture conditions of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 in order to obtain α-amylases, through the application of experimental designs. The optimization process was carried out in two stages. The first one was the initial culture of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580. In this stage, it was possible to confirm the morphology of this microorganism since round cream-colored colonies were visualized, in which cells with the shape of a purple stick were found. The second stage consisted in the application of the experimental designs, Box-Behnken and Plackett-Burman, to optimize the variables that affect the production of the α-amylases. The statistical analysis of the Box-Behnken design allowed the pre-selection of the complementary carbon source and nitrogen source that stimulate the formation of α-amylases, biomass and total proteins. Subsequently, the significant process variables were determined, which were starch, lactose and pH; furthermore, with this design it was determined that the optimal concentrations of the variables sodium chloride (1.5 g out of L), magnesium sulfate (0.5 g out of L), calcium chloride (0.1 g out of L) and yeast extract (5 g out of L).Las a-amilasas son enzimas del tipo hidrolasa utilizadas para distintos procesos industriales como en la elaboración de detergentes, la obtención de jarabes, ya que permite descomponer macromoléculas como el almidón en moléculas sencillas de maltosa y glucosa. Distintos microorganismos producen α-amilasas; sin embargo, Bacillus licheniformis se destaca debido a que esta bacteria gram positiva que produce α-amilasas termoestables característica esencial para algunos procesos industriales, por lo cual el 60% de la producción de esta enzima proviene de esta bacteria. La concentración de α-amilasas se ve afectada por variables físico-químicas presentes en el medio de cultivo, las cuales estimulan o inhiben rutas metabólicas de B. licheniformis, afectando la producción de esta enzima. Se han llevado a cabo distintos procesos de optimización de estas variables, sin embargo, mucha de esta información se encuentra restringida por derechos de autor. Por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo es el levantamiento de información acerca de las condiciones de cultivo de Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 para la obtención de α-amilasas, mediante la aplicación de diseños experimentales. El proceso de optimización se llevó a cabo en dos etapas la primera fue el cultivo inicial de Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580. En esta etapa, se logró confirma la morfología de este microrganismo ya que se visualizó colonias redondas de color crema, en las cuales se encuentran células con forma de bastón de color morado. La segunda etapa consistió en la aplicación de los diseños experimentales, Box-Behnken y Plackett-Burman, para optimizar de las variables que afectan a la producción de la α-amilasas. El análisis estadístico del diseño Box-Behnken permitió pre seleccionar la fuente de carbono complementaria y fuente de nitrógeno que estimulen la formación de α-amilasas, biomasa y proteínas totales. Posteriormente, se determinaron las variables significativas del proceso las cuales fueron el almidón, la lactosa y el pH; además con este diseño se determinó que las concentraciones óptimas de las variables cloruro de sodio (1,5 g/L), sulfato de magnesio (0,5 g sobre L), cloruro de calcio (0,1 g sobre L) y extracto de levadura (5 g sobre L)
Efectos del enriquecimiento de nutrientes y cambios de temperatura sobre las tasas de nitrificación usando biopelículas en la cuenca alta del río Guayllabamba
No full textLittle information is available regarding the effect of nutrient enrichment on the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen (N) in tropical aquatic systems. Nitrificaction-denitrification processes are important aspects that describe the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In arder to measure the process of nitrification that occurs in sediments of Andean agricultura! streams in Ecuador, nitrification rates were determinad in six streams with different degrees of eutrophication and under two temperatura conditions (T). Samples composed of sediments and water were taken at each location and placed under incubation and controlled conditions of darkness and agitation for 72 hours, for each of the two temperatura treatments (T1 typical of each river and T2 at 28 degree celsius). Nitrification rates were determinad using the nitrapirina inhibition method. Nitrificacion rates for all study sites varied between 0.0221 and 0.0098 g N.m-2 .d-1, the nitrification response to the temperatura was variable in each river, probably due to an increase in the microbial activity of biofilms. Finally, the relationships between the environmental variables measured on-site and in the laboratory were indicated, as well as the structural metrics expressing the ecological state of rivers (River Habitat lndex, IHF; QBR), with the nitrification rates as a measure of ecosystem functioning for rivers in the Andes of Ecuador.Hay poca información disponible sobre el efecto del enriquecimiento de nutrientes sobre el ciclo biogeoquímico de nitrógeno: N. en sistemas acuáticos tropicales..
Plan de negocios para creación de una empresa dedicada a la fabricación y exportación de toallitas desmaquillantes con agua de rosas ecuatorianas hacia el estado de California, Estados Unidos
No full textThis business plan aims to analyze the feasibility of creating a company dedicated to the manufacture and export of remover make-up wipes with Ecuadorian rose water to the state of California, United States. The idea arises from the need found in the female gender, who seek to protect and keep the skin radiant after wearing makeup, for this reason they give priority to the use of organic make-up removal products, made with natural inputs; which adds value to consumers in their purchase decision. The research process begins with the external analysis of the PEST and PORTER industry, tools that allowed to know mostly opportunities for the development of the business plan and few threats that can minimize its impact, both in the local country and in the country of destination. The client research was carried out with interviews with experts in the field of development and potential clients, followed by surveys carried out by potential consumers of the product in question in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative results that determine the business opportunity and the correct application of strategies. Once the industry is analyzed, the construction of the organizational and operational structure of the company continues, activities that will allow the proper functioning of all those involved in the development of the BRILLIANT ROSES company in order to meet the expectations of investors, clients and consumers. Finally, the financial evaluation of the business plan is carried out, in which the financial statements, NPV, IRR and financial indices related to the industry that is analyzed; results that define whether the feasibility and viability of the project exists.El presente plan de negocio pretende analizar la factibilidad de crear una empresa dedicada a la fabricación y exportación de toallitas desmaquillantes con agua de rosas ecuatorianas hacia el estado de California, Estados Unidos. La idea surge por la necesidad encontrada en el género femenino, quienes buscan proteger y mantener la piel radiante después de usar maquillaje, por esta razón dan prioridad al uso de productos desmaquillantes orgánicos, hecho con insumos naturales; lo que añade valor en los consumidores en su decisión de compra. El proceso investigativo empieza con el análisis externo de la industria PEST y PORTER, herramientas que permitieron conocer en su mayoría oportunidades para el desarrollo del plan de negocio y pocas amenazas que se puede minimizar su impacto, tanto en el país local como en el país de destino. La investigación del cliente se llevó al cabo con entrevistas a expertos en el tema en desarrollo y a potenciales clientes, seguido de encuestas realizadas posibles consumidores del producto en mención con el objeto de obtener resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos que determinen la oportunidad de negocio y la correcta aplicación de estrategias. Una vez analizada la industria se prosigue con la construcción de la estructura organizacional y operativa de la empresa, actividades que permitirán el correcto funcionamiento de todos los involucrados en el desarrollo de la empresa BRILLIANT ROSES para así poder cumplir con las expectativas de los inversionistas, clientes y consumidores. Finalmente, se realiza la evaluación financiera del plan de negocio, en el que se analiza los estados financieros, VAN, TIR e índices financieros relacionados con la industria; resultados que definen si existe la factibilidad y viabilidad del proyecto
Evaluación del efecto de la adición de promotores de cristalización en la consistencia y plasticidad de una manteca industrial de panadería de alta rotación de la empresa DANEC S.A.
No full textThe present study aims to evaluate the use of a crystallization promoter (fully hydrogenated palm oil) in the manufacture of industrial high rotation bakery shortening of the company Danec S.A., for which, palm stearin, hybrid palm stearin, palm oil, hybrid palm oil, based on soybean and palm kernel, were used. Physicochemical analyses were performed on raw materials and shortenings (iodine index, melting point, solid fat content and fatty acid profile) to meet the company's parameters. The penetrometer was used to determine the hardness of the shortenings on day 1 nd 130. By day 1, no significant differences were obtained for any of the treatment, which shows that all the shortenings were made under the same parameters. But, by day 130 there were significant differences between the treatments. Descriptive analyses were carried out on the fats, comparing day 1 and day 130, with the help of trained personnel from the company. This resulted in significant changes in the characteristics of hardness, lumpiness and plasticity between the average of the treatments. Using a trinocular polarized light microscope, the crystal structure was analyzed. For the formulation of palm stearin with oil palm, large deformed crystals were obtained, while with the addition of the crystallization promoter, the size of the crystals was reduced. In the formulation of palm stearin with hybrid oil palm, the crystals increased in size, which would influence the consistency of the shortening. The use of the crystallization promoter did not improve the consistency and plasticity of the fats. However, the hybrid palm oil would help to obtain shortening with better characteristics, without adding the promoter.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo la evaluación del uso de un promotor de cristalización “aceite de palma completamente hidrogenado” en la fabricación de mantecas industriales de panadería de alta rotación de la empresa Danec S.A, para lo cual, se utilizó estearina de palma, estearina de palma híbrida, aceite de palma, aceite de palma híbrida, teniendo como base la soja y el palmiste..
Las reclamaciones en la contratación pública ecuatoriana
No full textThe Organic Law of the National Public Procurement System -LOSNCP - establishes the regulatory framework in order to regulate the acquisition of goods, works and services, including consulting services, carried out by the contracting entities provided for in article 1 of said regulation, creating the National Public Procurement System. This system includes the participation of three main actors: contracting entities, suppliers and the National Public Procurement Service –SERCOP- the latter as the governing body of Public Procurement in Ecuador. In this way, according to current regulations, the contracting procedure carried out by public entities is carried out in four clearly identified phases: preparatory, pre-contractual, contractual and post-contractual, each one with its particularities, knowing how to highlight that this work will be based on the pre-contractual stage. This work is mainly focused on the study of the claims that the supplier or whoever has a direct interest, within a contract, may file during the pre-contractual stage, which is the one that starts from the contract requirement to the award of the contract, as provided In the law. It is important to note that, according to Ecuadorian regulations, these claims can be made before the same contracting entity or before the SERCOP. The legal problem of this study lies in the procedure established in the current regulations regarding claims and who could file it, since article 102 of the LOSNCP determines that: “(…) For all purposes of this Law, who have a direct interest, that are considered affected by the actions carried out by contracting entities provided for in article 1 of this Law, may file a motivated claim with the National Public Procurement Service, who in case of considering the existence of indications of non-compliance with the regulations of this law, its regulations and the regulations, technical standards and other regulations issued by the National Public Procurement Service SERCOP (…) ”; while Article 150 of the General Regulations of the Organic Law of the National Public Procurement System states that: “(…) Bidders who consider themselves affected in their interests by administrative acts issued by the entities provided for in Article 1 of the Law, For matters related to their offer, regarding the pre-contractual process or the award, they will have the right to present claims in accordance with the procedure provided in this chapter. (…). " As can be seen, there is a contradiction in the LOSNCP and its General Regulations, since the first rule indicates that any person who considers himself affected in his interests, can file a claim; While the Regulation states that only the bidders can do so, then there is a deprivation of the right to request and therefore disrespecting the principles established in the LOSNCP, denying the possibility that third parties who may be affected may intervene; Likewise, it has not been determined in the regulation who is considered to have a direct interest and if the claim can be filed in parallel with the SERCOP and with the contracting entity.La Ley Orgánica del Sistema Nacional del Contratación Pública LOSNCP establece el marco normativo con la finalidad de regular la adquisición de bienes, obras y servicios incluidos los de consultoría, que realizan las entidades contratantes previstas en el artículo 1 de dicha norma, creando el Sistema Nacional de Contratación Pública
Medición del gasto energético mediante parámetros fisiológicos en trabajadores de la construcción de la compañía SEMAICA en la edificación de la parte II de la Universidad de las Américas
No full textOBJECTIVE: Measure energy expenditure using physiological parameters in construction workers at the SEMAICA construction company in the city of Quito. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional study, a sample of 20 workers from the construction company SEMAICA was obtained, taking into account the activities carried out by each worker in 8 working hours, heart rate was measured using a chest heart rate monitor and a Polar Beat smartphone application, located 2 workers per day, where the basal heart rate, the average and maximum heart rate could be recorded, this will vary according to the activity carried out, in this way energy consumption can be measured through the heart rate using the criteria by Chamoux RESULTS: For the results of the comparison between work groups, it was obtained using the Chi square (Chi 2), which yielded significant data corresponding to: the relative absolute cost (p = 0.012186) between the group of microcircuits and braces, heart rate mean (p = 0.036715) between the group of microcircuits and carpenters and finally in the absolute cardiac cost (p = 0.047203) when comparing between the group of iron workers and carpenters. CONCLUSIONS: In this study it was evidenced that 80 percent of the workload was very light, the remaining 20 percent carried out activities with a light workload; however, no worker exceeded his physical load, that is, each task is adapted to the worker. KEY WORDS: Energy expenditure, heart rate, oxygen consumption, workers, Chamoux criteria.OBJETIVO: Medir el gasto energético en trabajadores de la construcción mediante parámetros fisiológicos, en la constructora SEMAICA en la ciudad de Quito
Análisis retrospectivo de los animales eutanasiados en el CEGEZOO “Urbanimal” en los años 2017 y 2018 en la ciudad de Quito
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of euthanasia in small animals such as: dogs and cats, in the "Urbanimal" animal health management centers in the 2017–2018 period; also characterize and sectorize the population of euthanized stray animals based on: species, age, sex, reproductive status and provenance. The study was retrospective, observational, cross sectional, data were obtained by reviewing 505 euthanasia tokens. For the analysis, a database was created through the Microsoft Excel program and the SPSS statistical program and descriptive statistics were used in contingency tables. The largest number of animals that were euthanized was in 2018, being the cause when the animal was in permanent, physical or psychological suffering (76.32 percent), in terms of the results of the demographic variables: more dogs were euthanized (90, 79 percent), adults (63.91 percent), males (52.26 percent), not sterilized (70.7 percent), from urban areas (90.2 percent).El presente estudio, tiene como objetivo analizar las causas de eutanasia en pequeños animales como son: perros y gatos, en los centros de gestión zoosanitario “Urbanimal” en el período 2017–2018; además caracterizar y sectorizar la población de animales callejeros eutanasiados sobre la base de: especie, edad, sexo, estado reproductivo y proveniencia. El estudio fue retrospectivo, observacional de corte transversal, los datos se obtuvieron mediante la revisión de 505 fichas de eutanasia. Para el análisis se creó una base de datos a través del programa Microsoft Excel y se usó el programa estadístico SPSS y estadística descriptiva en tablas de contingencia. La mayor cantidad de animales que se eutanasiaron fue en el año 2018, siendo la causal cuando el animal estaba en sufrimiento permanente, físico o psicológico (76,32 por ciento), en cuanto a los resultados de variables demográficas: se eutanasiaron más perros (90,79 por ciento), adultos (63,91 por ciento), machos (52,26 por ciento), no esterilizados (70,7 por ciento), provenientes de zonas urbanas (90,2 por ciento)
Diseño de un sistema de gestión de calidad basado en la norma ISO 9001:2015 para una empresa procesadora de conservas
No full textThe importance of offering quality products and services has been growing nationally and internationally, which is why companies focus on meeting the needs of consumers, meeting quality standards and improving its operations within the organisation, in order to provide confidence and security to customers, companies have adopted a process-based approach in their management, which is key to meeting the requirements of the international standard ISO 9001:2015, thus ensuring the proper management of the Quality Management System. The main objective of this project is to design a quality management system under the ISO 9001:2015 standard in the company SIPIA S.A. in charge of preparing food preserves, creating a standardization.As part of the project, an initial evaluation of the organization was carried out to ascertain the current status and compliance rate with the standard, where the requirements that the company does not meet and in which it should be treated as a priority were known, in order to draw up a work plan consisting of the actions that were taken according to the priorities and needs of the company, complying with the provisions of the standard and the quality management system, where a schedule of activities with tasks was established, dates and responsibility for each process. Finally, the documented information necessary to comply with the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 was developed, proposing a design of quality management system to the company, for possible implementation and certification, generating an organizational culture and a process-based approach and continuous improvement where quality products and services are offered.La importancia de ofrecer productos y servicios de calidad ha ido creciendo a nivel nacional e internacional, es por esto que las empresas se enfocan en satisfacer las necesidades de los consumidores, cumpliendo con los estándares de calidad y mejorando sus operaciones dentro de la organización, para así brindar confianza y seguridad a los clientes, las empresas han ido adoptando en su manejo un enfoque a procesos siendo este clave para el cumplimiento de los requisitos que establece la norma internacional ISO 9001:2015 llevando así un manejo adecuado del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad. El presente proyecto tiene como principal objetivo diseñar un sistema de gestión de calidad bajo la norma ISO 9001:2015 en la empresa SIPIA S.A. encargada de elaborar conservas alimenticias, creando una estandarización y sistematización en los procesos donde se enfoque al mejoramiento continuo, ofreciendo productos de calidad. Como parte del proyecto, se realizó una evaluación inicial de la organización para conocer el estado actual y el porcentaje de cumplimiento respecto a la norma, donde se conoció los requisitos que no cumple la empresa y en los cuales se debe tratar como prioridad, para así elaborar un plan de trabajo que consistió en las acciones que se tomaron de acuerdo a las prioridades y necesidades de la empresa dando cumplimiento a las cláusulas de la norma y al sistema de gestión de calidad, donde se estableció un cronograma de actividades con tareas, fechas y responsables por cada proceso. Finalmente, se elaboró la información documentada necesaria para dar cumplimiento a los requisitos de la norma ISO 9001:2015, proponiendo un diseño de sistema de gestión de calidad a la empresa, para su posible implementación y certificación, generando una cultura organizacional y un enfoque basado en procesos y en el mejoramiento continuo donde ofrezca productos y servicios de calidad