Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College
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Impact of Resveratrol in Attenuating Cisplatin Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male adult Rats
Get PDFBackground: Resveratrol is a poly-hydroxy phenol plant toxin that reduces oxidative stress and prevents tissue damage by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels. The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Resveratrol by histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical methods in testicular toxicity induced by the Cisplatin in Wistar Albino rats.
Methodology: The quasi-experimental study was carried out at the department of Pharmacology, Anatomy and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad from October 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-four male, healthy Wistar Albino rats of age from 8-10 weeks and having body weight 250-300 grams, were included in the study. Rats were divided into three groups; each group have same number (n=08) of rats. Group-A (Control), Group-B (Experimental group or Cisplatin group), Group-C (Experimental group or Cisplatin + Resveratrol combination group). Pre- and post-experimental body weight of all animals was measured, blood samples were collected for the biochemical analysis for the oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histo-morphology. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.
Results: Statistically significant decline in the bodyweight and testicular weight in group B and C respectively (p<0.05). While Group-B had lower sperm count, motility, and viability when compared to Group-C (p<0.05). Group-B also had significantly lower levels of oxidative markers than Group-C (p<0.05). Group- B's testicular histology significantly differed from Group-C's (p<0.05). Seminiferous tubules in Group-B were irregular, regressive, and atrophic.
Conclusion: Resveratrol is a powerful antioxidant shows potential in reducing cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and, eventually, testicular toxicity in mice models
Impact of Caffeine and Vitamin D3 on the Development of Neonate Mice Femur Growth Plate
Get PDFBackground: High dosage of caffeine can influence histological changes during bone development in the newborns, while vitamin D3 has also its effect on such changes. Main objectives of the study were to determine the effects of caffeine on the histomorphology of developing femur and the role of vitamin D3 along with caffeine on the femur of BALB/c mice.
Methodology: The animal experimental study was carried out in the National Institute of Health, Islamabad in collaboration with the Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from October 2014 till October 2015. Thirty pregnant mice, weighing 26-28g, were chosen and grouped into 3 equal sets of ten mice each. Control group G1 was fed normal diet with ad libitum access to water. Experimental group G2, along with the above diet, was provided caffeine at 10mg/100g body weight as a single dose on every second day using oral gavage for 3 weeks. Experimental group G3 was administered with caffeine at 10mg/100g body weight on every second day along with vitamin D3 0.1µg/day for 3 weeks. At completion of the study, neonate mice femurs were analysed to see the changes on the proliferative and hypertrophy zone heights of growth plate.
Results: Proliferative and hypertrophy zones of control group G1 mice mean height ±SD was measured as 540±10.99μm and 164±6.609μm, respectively, while for experimental group G2 the same height was observed as 443.5±12.258μm and 138.25±6.129μm, respectively. For experimental group G3 mice mean height ± SD of these zones was found as 474±3.839μm and 144.25±3.726μm, respectively.
Conclusion: Ingestion of caffeine modified the femur's proliferative and hypertrophy zones height of the growth plate; however, vitamin D3 dosage mitigated this consequence
Ototoxic Hearing Loss in the Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis
Get PDFBackground: The recommended treatment of MDR TB lasts for 20 months following therapy with second line anti - tuberculosis drugs (SLDs) which carry the risk of adverse effects including hearing loss. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of hearing loss and its association with demographic and clinical variables in multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients on second line drugs.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Audiology Department of the Civil Hospital Bahawalpur, over a period of 6 months, from 1st May 2019 to 31st October 2019. The study included 65 diagnosed cases of tuberculosis, aged 12-70 years, of either sex, who were on second line antituberculous therapy. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for patient selection. Screening was performed using medical history sheet, otoscopy and hearing assessment. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS- Version 21.
Results: Among a total of 65 patients,43 (66.2%) were males and 22(33.8%) were females. Mean age of study population was 35.87±9.35 years. Hearing loss was seen in 14(21.5%) cases, with mild hearing loss in 15.4% cases and moderate hearing loss 6.2%. Hearing loss was associated with type of drug used, its duration and associated symptoms of tinnitus and vertigo (p=0.000).
Conclusion: It was found that hearing loss is quite frequent (21.5 %) with multidrug resistant anti-tuberculous therapy in this region and is significantly associated with the type of drug used and its duration. Majority of affected cases were seen with the use of streptomycin
Management of Empyema Gallbladder During COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFCholecystostomy is performed in high-risk patients with gall bladder disease. These patients are generally elderly with multiple comorbidities; in particular cardiac patients with uncontrolled diabetes, and present late with acute cholecystitis with systemic inflammation. The management of such high-risk patients requires multi-departmental approach. COVID-19 pandemic has widely affected the management guidelines including timing of surgery, extent of pre-operative optimization, use of laparoscopy for surgery and intensive care requirement. We report a case of elderly hypertensive and diabetic patient who presented during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic with fever, vomiting and pain abdomen. He was diagnosed with empyema gallbladder. Cholecystostomy was performed as a temporizing measure which was followed by elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy as daycare admission. This averted the need for possible intensive care stay and emergency surgery whereas providing equally good outcome
Post-traumatic stress disorder and Post-traumatic Growth among Police officials; Role of Coping Self Efficacy and Hope
Get PDFBackground: Post traumatic stress disorder in the after math of trauma is common. The objective of this study was to find correlation between Post-traumatic stress disorder and contributing factors of growth after trauma in active duty officials of police having direct exposure of trauma during war against terror in Pakistan.
Methodology: The cross-sectional study was done on active-duty police officials from Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan in three years duration from Jan, 2019 till December 2021. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for selection of participants. Post-Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS-5), short form of Comprehensive trauma inventory, Adult Hope Scale and Perceived coping self-efficacy scale were used for data collection. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. After descriptive analysis, correlation of variables was checked by Pearson correlation and moderation analysis was done.
Results: Age range of the participants was 33.6 ± 6.3 years. There was a significant strong positive correlation of Hope and Perceived self-efficacy with Post traumatic growth and negative correlation with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. There was a significant increase in post-traumatic growth in presence of hope and perceived self-efficacy.
Conclusion: Relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth was moderated by perceived coping self-efficacy and hope
Endometriotic Stones; Can they exist? A case report
Get PDFEndometriosis is a gynaecological pathology that manifests as pelvic pain, infertility and cyclical issues. The presence of endometriotic tissue outside the uterus is the hallmark of endometriosis and commonest sites are ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterosacral ligaments and lateral pelvic peritoneum. Ovarian endometriotic cyst (EC) is typically a chocolate cyst that is often diagnosed by a combination of clinical history examination and radiological imaging. However, the definitive diagnosis requires histopathological confirmation. The management is complex and requires long term suppression of menstrual cycle and ovarian cystectomy. We hereby illustrate a case of a young female who presented with EC. During a routine daycare laparoscopic cystectomy, a rare finding of endometriotic stones was ascertained per-operatively. It has not been reported previously as per our knowledge. Patient remained well post operatively and was discharged in evening
Impact of Extroversion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Prosthodontic Patients
Get PDFBackground: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a compound model comprising individualized evaluation of one’s emotional, functional and oral health. It is easily influenced by multiple variables including oral problems, cultural differences and personality traits. Where other personality traits negatively influence OHRQoL, extroversion exhibits a positive association. Contrarily, conflicting results have been reported in literature. The inconsistent results, insufficient local data and cultural differences make it imperative to further investigate. The objective of the study was to determine a correlation between extroversion and OHRQoL in prosthodontic patients.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Prosthodontics Department of Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from May 2018 to April 2019. Sample size was calculated to be 270 with 5% significance level and Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.17. However, 305 patients were included in this study. After obtaining informed consent and recording demographic data, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised Short-scale (EPQ-RS) were used to collect the required data and categorize patients.
Results: The bivariate correlation analysis revealed extroversion to be negatively associated (r = -0.220) with OHIP score. It depicts that the more extrovert an individual, the lower the OHIP score (better OHRQoL) and vice versa. Effect modifier analysis revealed inconsistent correlation results for extroversion.
Conclusion: A positive correlation has been established between Extroversion and OHRQoL, with inconsistent results after controlling effect modifiers
Prophylactic use of Amiodarone in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients with Less Ejection Fraction
Get PDFBackground: Dysrhythmias like atrial fibrillation are most common in post-CABG patients, with an incidence of around 40%. Prophylactic amiodarone treatment decreases the occurrence of dysrhythmias in low ejection fraction patients. Some studies have reported that the benefit of giving amiodarone is more in high-risk patients such as those having older age, higher angina class, diabetes, and severe coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to determine the role of amiodarone prophylaxis in the prevention of dysrhythmias following CABG in patients with low ejection fractions.
Methodology: In this non-randomized study, we included150 patients who underwent CABG at Multan Institute of Cardiology from Jan-2019 to Aug-2019, having EF ≤35%. In the amiodarone group (N=75), 3 mg/Kg of amiodarone was given through CPB machine after removal of the X-clamp and before weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. While in the remaining 75 patients, no anti-arrhythmic drug treatment was given during the peri-operative period. The occurrence of postoperative arrhythmia during the primary hospital stay after surgery was a primary study endpoint.
Results: There was no significant difference between patients' mean age, gender, BMI, and the number of grafts in the amiodarone group 3.9±0.53 and control group 3.04±0.50 (p-value 0.20). The frequency of Post operative Atrial fibrillation (POAF) was significantly different in both groups. In the amiodarone group, 13 (17.3%) patients developed POAF, and in the control group, POAF occurred in 25 (33.3%) patients (p-value 0.024).
Conclusion: Amiodarone prophylaxis significantly lowers the incidence of POAF after CABG in low EF patients
Evaluation of Dental Caries and Periodontal Health Status in Children with Autism: a Case Control Study
Get PDFBackground: Dental problems are common in autistic children due to poor oral hygiene. During the dental treatment, main challenge is reduced ability of autistic kids to communicate. The objective of this study was to investigate about the oral health status of autistic children and to compare the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease between children with autism and healthy controls.
Methodology: This case-control study was conducted at the Milestone Charitable Trust and Defense Housing Authority (DHA), Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed School, for the duration of 04 months (1st Dec 2019 – 30th March 2020). Among cases, 67 autistic children and among controls,67 healthy children, of age 7 to 17 years, of either gender, were included. All the participants were examined and assessed for presence or absence of any carious lesions, and periodontal health. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.
Results: The overall mean age of included children was 12.51±2.99 years. Of 134 children, 53.7% were males and 46.3% females. The odds of periodontal disease were 5.52 times higher in autistic children as compared to healthy children (p < .001). The odds of dental caries were 3.43 times higher in autistic children as compared to healthy children (p < .001). In both age groups (<=10 years and >10 years), the risk of periodontal disease and dental caries was higher among autistic children as compared to normal children. While, according to gender, the risk of dental caries was higher among male autistic children as compared to normal children.
Conclusion: The odds of dental caries and periodontal disease were higher among autistic children as compared to healthy controls.
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dental caries, Periodontiti